Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell Physiology And Pharmacology > Pharmacokinetics 1 > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which 4 processes constitute a drug becoming therapeutic?

A
  • Pharmaceutical process
  • Pharmacokinetic process
  • Pharmacodynamic process
  • Therapeutic process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which 2 mechanisms constitute a drug coming into the body?

A
  • Absorption

- Distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which 2 mechanisms constitute a drug coming out of the body?

A
  • Metabolism

- Elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 routes of administration?

A
  • Focal
  • Enteral
  • Parenteral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does absorption of an oral drug occur and what is the normal transit time?

A
  • Small intestine

- 3-5 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What types of drug can use passive diffusion transport?

A
  • Lipophilic drugs

- Weak acids/bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does a long transit time allow for when a drug is transported using passive diffusion?

A

Gives more time for more of the drug to be absorbed due to the maintenance of equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What transport molecule does facilitated diffusion use and what are its two types?

A
  • Solute Carrier Transporters (SLC)
  • Organic Anion Transporters (OATs)
  • Organic Cation Transporters (OCTs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are solute carrier transport proteins most abundant?

A
  • GI epithelia
  • Hepatic epithelia
  • Renal epithelia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is secondary active SLC transport? Give an example

A
  • Transport given by pre-existing electrochemical gradients
    Fluoxetine - co-transported with Na+ ion
    Penicillin - co-transported with H+ ion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name 3 factors that can affect drug absorption

A
  • GI surface area/length
  • Drug lipophilicity/pKa
  • SLC expression density
  • Blood flow
  • GI motility
  • Food/pH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is first pass metabolism?

A

Metabolism that occurs before the drug has entered the systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 2 families of enzymes involved in first pass metabolism in the gut wall and liver

A
  • Cytochrome P450s

- Conjugating Enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can first pass metabolism be avoided?

A

Use of different routes - parenteral, rectal, sublingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is oral bioavailability?

A

The fraction of a defined dose of drug given orally that reaches the circulation unchanged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is used as the 100% value to compare to in working out oral bioavailability?

A

IV bonus dose

17
Q

What is the equation for oral bioavailability and where does its value always lie?

A

Amount reaching systemic circulation / total IV dose

- Value is always between 0 and 1

18
Q

Name 3 drug distribution factors

A
  • Drug molecule lipophilicity/hydrophilicity
  • Capillary permeability (OATs/OCTs)
  • Degree of drug binding to plasma/tissue proteins
19
Q

How is the therapeutic window/ratio calculated?

A

Maximum Tolerated Dose / Minimum Effective Dose

- Area between effective and toxic concentrations

20
Q

What is the effect of fast and slow release drugs on the therapeutic window?

A

Fast Release - have to be careful not to exceed toxic concentration
Slow Release - difficult to maintain level within therapeutic window

21
Q

Which 3 fluid compartments are involved in drug distribution?

A
  • Plasma
  • Interstitial
  • Intracellular
22
Q

What happens when drug distribution is increased in interstitium/intracellularly?

A
  • Decreased plasma drug concentration

- Increased volume of distribution (Vd)

23
Q

Define volume of distribution (Vd)

A

Theoretical volume which the drug is distributed over if occurring instantaneously (time = 0)

24
Q

What is the unit of volume distribution (Vd)?

A

Litres or litres/kg

25
Q

How is volume of distribution (Vd) calculated?

A

Total Drug Dose / Plasma Drug Concentration when time=0

26
Q

How do small and large volume of distribution values relate to penetration?

A

Small Vd = low penetration of interstitial/intracellular

Large Vd = greater penetration of interstitial/intracellular

27
Q

How can volume of distribution (Vd) values be indicative of fluid compartments?

A

Values are indicative of compartments
E.g. 8L is similar to plasma volume
30L is similar to total water volume

28
Q

Name 3 factors that can affect volume of distribution (Vd)

A
  • Changes in regional blood flow
  • Hypoalbuminimea
  • Changes in body weight
  • Drug interactions
  • Renal failure
  • Narrow therapeutic window

Cell Physiology And Pharmacology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions