PHARMACOGNOSY Flashcards
Saponin glycosides are known for the following characteristics, EXCEPT
A. Contains only the steroidal type of aglycone
B. Hemolysis of the red blood cells
C. Irritating to the mucous membrane
D. They have bitter, acid taste
E. They are insoluble in water
Contains only the steroidal type of aglycone
The main compound responsible for the bitterness of lupulin which is used in the manufacture of beer.
A. Humulone
B. Lupulone
C. Xanthohumol
D. Both A & B
E. Both B & C
Both A & B
Kamala, a dull reddish brown powder wth characteristic globular glands and unicellular curved trichomes, contain this phlorglucinol derivative with anthelmintic property.
A, Berberine
B. Emetine
C. Quinine
D. Plumbagin
E. Rottlerin
Rottlerin
The type of plant which has an additional carbon fixation system characterized by synthesizing oxaloacetic acid in the presence of light thereby reducing photorespiration and water loss.
A. C3 plants
B. C4 plants
C. CAM
D. All
E. None
C4 plants
Alginic acid which is used as a gastroprotectant is derived from marine plants which belong to this specific family.
A. Bacillariophyceae
B. Fucaceae
C. Gelidiaceae
D. Gracilariaceae
E. Gigartinaceae
Fucaceae
A tricarboxylic acid which is commercially prepared from lemons and pineapples by fermentation of sucrose.
A. Citric acid
B. Lactic acid
C. Malic acid
D. Oxalic acid
E. Tartaric acid
Citric acid
The following crude drugs have cremocarp type of fruit and belongs to family Apiaceae EXCEPT
A. Anise
B. Buchu
C. Caraway
D. Fennel
E. Celery
Buchu
In opium poppy, the amount of this alkaloid in the capsules is high when the latex is harvested after flowering.
A. Codeine
B. Morphine
C. Noscapine
D. Papaverine
E. Thebaine
Morphine
An 8-carbon sugar which was isolated from crushed Persea americana pulp and Sedum is __?
A. D-glycero- D-lactooctulose
B. D-glycero- L-lactooctulose
C. D-glycero- D-octulose
D. D-glycero- D-manno-octulose
E. D-glycero- D-gluco-octulose
D-glycero-D-manno-octulose
The following cardiacglycosides have a steroidal type of aglycone EXCEPT
A. Adonitoxin
B. Cymarin
C. Digoxin
D. Hellebrin
E. Strophanthoside
Hellebrin
Alkaloids often occur in plants in association with a characteristic acid; this is the specific acid in which opium alkaloids are commonly associated
A. Cinchotannic acid
B. Meconic acid
C. Quinic acid
D. Shikimic acid
E. Tartaric acid
Meconic acid
The tropic acid fragment of tropane alkaloids like hyoscine and hyoscyamine is derived from this specific amino acid.
A. Alanine
B. Glycine
C. Phenylalanine
D. Proline
E. Tyrosine
Phenylalanine
This is the basic unit moiety of cocaine alkaloids
A. Cinnamylcocaine
B. Egconine
C. Truxillic acid
D. All
E. None
Egconine
The following alkaloids are classified under heterocyclic alkaloids EXCEPT
A. Arecoline
B. Cocaine
C. Colchicine
D. Lobeline
E. Quinine
Colchicine
The following active principles isolated from plants exhibit haemolytic property EXCEPT
A. Arbutin
B. Glycyrrhizin
C. Senegin
D. A-solanin
E. Tomatin
Arbutin
Saponin glycoside with pentacyclic triterpenoidal aglycone is commonly isolated in dicotyledonous plants. What type of saponin will have this type of aglycone?
A. Acid saponin
B. Basic saponin
C. Neutral saponin
D. All
E. None
Acid saponin
A purified mixture of saccharides which contain not less than 93% dextrose and is prepared by controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of starch is called__?
A. Dextrose
B. Dextran
C. Dextrates
D. Liquid glucose
E. None
Dextrates
Compound benzoin tincture is commonly used as topical protectant and is composed of the following substances EXCEPT
A. Aloe
B. Benzoin
C. Peru balsam
D. Storax
E. Tolu balsam
Peru balsam
This specific compound is removed by distillation under reduced pressure from the volatile oils like lemon and orange to avoid deterioration and development of terebinthinate odor.
A. Acetate
B. Bromide
C. Chloride
D. Oxide
E. Terpene
Terpene
A C-10 compound which serves as precursor of terpenes and is formed by condensation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethyallyl pyrophosphate.
A. Farnesyl pyrophosphate
B. Geranyl pyrophosphate
C. Neryl pyrophosphate
D. Methyl pyrophosphate
E. None
Geranyl pyrophosphate
The main source of Manila copal, a resin which is commonly used for varnish.
A. Agathis alba
B. Agathis australis
C. Garcinia hanburii
D. Pinus palustris
E. Pistacia lentiscus
Agathis alba
The following active principle are used as diuretics by promoting dilation of the renal medullary blood vessel EXCEPT
A. Bearberry
B. Coffee
C. Horsetail
D. Hydrastis
E. Tea
Hydrastis
Salicin which is regarded as the natural forerunner of aspirin and was isolated from willow bark is classified as _____ glycoside
A. Alcohol
B. Lactone
C. Phenolic
D. A and B
E. A and C
A and C
The largest group among the naturally occurring phenolic compounds
A. Anthocyanins
B. Anthraquinone
C. Coumarin
D. Flavonoids
E. Tannins
Flavonoids
Pectin, a polysaccharide which occurs in the middle lamellae of cell wall and abundant in the inner portion of rind of citrus fruits is composed of repeating units of ____.
A. D-galacturonic acid
B. D-guluronic acid
C. D-mannuronic acid
D. D-glycosamine
E. D-glucoronic acid
D-galacturonic acid
The following statements are true about saponin glycosides EXCEPT
A. Saponins have high molecular weight and a high polarity and difficult to isolate.
B. Aqueous solution of saponin produces froth.
C. Saponins cause hemolysis of the RBC when injected intravenously and is toxic when taken orally.
D. The steroidal saponins are more widely distributed in nature than the pentacyclic triterpenoidal type.
E. None
The steroidal saponins are more widely distributed in nature than the pentacyclic triterpenoidal type.
The specific saponin glycoside derived from yam which serve as precursor for the manufacture of corticosteroid, oral contraceptives and sex hormones.
A. Hecogenin
B. Smilagenin
C. Diosgenin
D. Sarsapogenin
E. Parillin
Diosgenin
What type of ginseng is produced after the root was exposed to steam followed by artificial drying and sun drying?
A. Yelllow ginseng
B. White ginseng
C. Red ginseng
D. Orange ginseng
Red ginseng
The dried unpeeled or peeled root and stolons of licorice is classified under what type of glycoside?
A. Alcohol
B. Saponin
C. Sweet
D. A and B
E. B and C
B and C
Which of the following compounds is not a cyanogenic glycoside?
A. Linamarin
B. Amygdalin
C. Mannihotoxin
D. Arbutin
E. Phaseolunatin
Arbutin
Which of the following anthraquinone derivatives is an isomer of anthrone?
A. Oxanthrone
B. Anthranol
C. Dianthrone
D. Aloin
E. Anthracene
Anthranol
Which of the following statement is incorrect about anthraquinone glycosides?
A. The dihydroxy and trihydroxyphenolic derivatives of anthraquinone have purgative property.
B. Anthraquinone derivates are usually orange red compounds.
C. The laxative action of the anthraquinone is restricted to the small intestine.
D. They are soluble in hot water or dilute alcohol.
E. None
The laxative action of the anthraquinone is restricted to the small intestine.
Aloe vera gel is usually used for the treatment of the following EXCEPT
A. Burns
B. Abrasions and skin irritation
C. Inflammation
D. Diarrhea
E. Alopecia
Diarrhea
The specific reaction which involves the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid
A. Acetate mevalonate pathway
B. Embden-Meyerhof pathway
C. Shikimic acid pathway
D. Tricarboxylic acid pathway
E. None
Embden-Meyerhof pathway
This substance contains lactose and inorganic salts and is considered as by product of cheese production
A. Buttermilk
B. Butter
C. Condensed milk
D. Whey
E. Yogurt
Whey
This is the specific gum combined with frangula in the preparation of Movicol®
A. Acacia
B. Karaya
C. Ghatti
D. Tragacanth
E. Sodium alginate
Karaya
The following statements about anthraquinone glycosides are true, EXCEPT
A. Their aglycones are related to the anthracene structure
B. They are usually used as cathartic agents
C. The aglycone portion exhibit greater activity in the absence of the glycone
D. Upon hydrolysis, the aglycone portion consists odf a di-,tri, or tetrahydroxyanthraquinone or modifications of these compounds
E. None
The aglycone portion exhibit greater activity in the absence of the glycone
The specific enzyme which acts on the non-reducing ends of polysaccharide and produce pure maltose as product when the substrate is amylose.
A. A amylase
B. B amylase
C. Dextrinase
D. Glucosidase
E. None
B amylase
The % concentration of hetastarch solution which is used as plasma expander.
A. 4%
B. 6%
C. 8%
D. 10%
E. None
6%
The polysaccharide which is used in culture media as a fermentative identifying agent for certain bacteria and for evaluation of renal functions.
A. Agar
B. Cellulose
C. Dextran
D. Inulin
E. Starch
Inulin
This specific enzyme found in Leuconostoc mesenteroides is used to convert sucrose to dextran.
A. Dextran amylase
B. Dextrinase
C. Dextran glucosidase
D. Dextran sucrase
E. None
Dextran sucrase
One of the chief constituents of tragacanth which is more water soluble and is known as demethylated bassorin
A. Arabic acid
B. Bassorin
C. Mannuronic acid
D. Sulfate ester content
E. Tragacanthin
Tragacanthin
One of the primary constituents of Benne oil which is contained in the unsaponifiable fraction of oil and is an effective synergist for pyrethrum insecticides.
A. Pyrethin
B. Sesamol
C. Sesamolin
D. Stigmasnterol
E. Triricinolein
Sesamolin
The reaction involved in the conversion of liquid oils to semisolid fats which are used as cooking fats and shortening.
A. Dehydrogenation
B. Hydrogenation
C. Oxidation
D. Esterification
E. Saponification
Hydrogenation
The following is not a flavonoid glycoside?
A. Hyperoside
B. Quercetin
C. Rutin
D. Salicin
E. Vitexin
Salicin
The product is formed by the action of nitric acid and alcohol on turpentine oil after distillation with aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.
A. Rectified Turpentine oil
B. Terpin hydrate
C. Terpinol
D. A and B
E. B and C
B and C
The prostaglandin which is used for palliative therapy of neonates with patent ductus arteriosus and congenital heart defects due to its vasodilating property.
A. Alprostadil
B. Carboprost
C. Dinoprost
D. Dinoprostone
E. None
Alprostadil
A substance obtain from Glycine soja which is used to control damaged of lipid and cholesterol metabolism
A. Lecithin
B. Soybean oil
C. Soybean cake
D. Soybean meal
E. None
Lecithin
What is the flour sifted from decorticated, ground seed of Glycine soja amd is used for the detection of urea nitrogen in blood serum?
A. Lecithin
B. Soybean oil
C. Soybean cake
D. Soybean meal
E. None
Soybean meal
What are these polyunsaturated octadecanoic acids which are essential for human nutrition and are referred to as Vitamin F?
A. Oleic acid
B. Linoleic acid
C. Linolenic acid
D. A and B
E. B and C
B and C
Glyceryl triacetate exhibits antifungal activity through the gradual release of this particular acid on skin in non-irritating concentration?
A. Acetic acid
B. Formic acid
C. Salicylic acid
D. Undecylenic acid
E. None of these
Acetic acid
Which of the following is not a plant wax?
A. Bayberry wax
B. Carnauba wax
C. Jojoba oil
D. Lac wax
E. None of these
None of these
Which of the following statements are true about volatile oils EXCEPT
A. They have high refractive index and mostly are optically active
B. They are usually colorless but on long standing they may oxidize and become rancid
C. They occur in specialized secretory structures
D. The chemical constituents of volatile oils are derived from either terpene or aromatic compounds
E. None
They are usually colorless but on long standing they may oxidize and become rancid
What type of distillation is employed if the fresh plant drugs are used and maceration of the plant is unnecessary?
A. Water distillation
B. Water and steam distillation
C. Direct steam distillation
D. Destructive distillation
E. None
Direct steam disstilation
Cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid are the principal phenylpropanoid compounds found in volatile oils which are derived from which of the following aromatic amino acids?
A. Phenylalanine
B. Tyrosine
C. Proline
D. A and B
E. B and C
A and B
Which among the following is an acyclic monoterpene hydrocarbon?
A. Cymene
B. Limonene
C. Myrcene
D. Pinene
E. Sabinene
Myrcene
Which of the following is not true about menthol?
A. Natural menthol can rotate the polarized light to the left
B. It is prepared from Japanese peppermint oil by refrigeration
C. It is used as topical antipruritic agent
D. It has stimulant effect on the heart
E. None
It has stimulant effect on the heart
Which of the following principles is not derived from Eucalyptus?
A. Cineole
B. Cajuputol
C. Eucalyptol
D. Eugenol
E. None
Eugenol
Methyl salicylate can be isolated from the following oils EXCEPT
A. Betula oil
B. Clove oil
C. Gaultheria oil
D. Sweet birch oil
E. Wintergreen oil
Clove oil
Which of the following is not a source of an oleoresin?
A. Capsicum
B. Copaifera
C. Ginger
D. Pine
E. Podophyllum
Podophyllum
The most accurate way of identifying crude drugs
A. Organoleptic evaluation
B. Microscopic
C. Chemical methods
D. DNA barcoding
E. All
DNA barcoding
A science dealing with the study of classification, identification, cultivation and protection of crude drugs and production of effective element at molecular level
A. Botany
B. Molecular Pharmacognosy
C. Pharmacognosy
D. Systemic Botany
E. Taxonomy
Molecular Pharmacognosy
The study objects of Molecular Pharmacognosy are limited to
A. Animal sources
B. Herbal drugs
C. Mineral drugs
D. A and B
E. All
A and B
The genetically modified organisms are used as ____ to produce exogenous gene encoding goods and are referred as “new generation pharmaceutical factories”
A. Bioreactors
B. Catalysts
C. Reactants
D. Substrates
E. None
Bioreactors
The study of the correlations among genetic relationships, chemical components and efficacies of medicinal plants.
A. Plant taxonomy
B. Phylogenetics
C. Pharmaphylogeny
D. Phytochemistry
E. Pharmacognosy
Pharmaphylogeny
An extremely complicated process
from genes to biological phenotypes which serve as the core of study of
secondary metabolites.
A.Aerobic respiration
B.Biosynthetic pathway
C.Glycolysis
D.Photosynthesis
E. None
Biosynthetic pathway
In 1815, CA Seydler, a German who was referred to as the Father of Pharmacognosy used the word “Pharmakognosie” in his book titled ______.
A. De Materia Medica
B. The Historia
C. Analectica Pharmacognostica
D. Lehrbuch der Materia Medica
E. None
Analectica Pharmacognostica
Adulteration of crude drugs is due to the following, EXCEPT
A. Erroneous adulteration caused by sharing of similar features or absence of distinguishable characters
B. Intentional substitution of high value material by inexpensive substances
C. Misuse caused by sharing of similar common names.
D. Identification of crude drugs through morphological histological features, chemical methods and DNA sequencing
E. Historical use of local substitutes
Identification of crude drugs through morphological histological features, chemical methods and DNA sequencing
Chemical composition of crude drugs varies with a number of factors like
A. Growing stage
B. Harvest time
C. Locality
D. Storage condition
E. All
All
T-DNA is transferred into a plant tissue to induce hairy roots or crown gall formation which is mediated by this specific bacterium
A. Agrobacterium
B. Bacillus
C. Clostridium
D. Staphylococcus
E. Streptococcus
Agrobacterium
A natural vector for gene transfer in A. rhizogenes which is used in transgenic organ transformation system by specifically inducing hairy root production
A. Ri plasmid
B. T-DNA
C. Ti-plasmid
D. Vir region
E. None
Ri plasmid
The main biosynthetic pathway which produces the secondary metabolites like alkaloid
A. Acetate malonate
B. Cinnamic acid
C. Mevalonate
D. Amino acid
E. None
Amino acid
The acetate malonate pathway is responsible for the synthesis of the following compounds EXCEPT
A. Anthraquinone
B. Alkaloids
C. Fatty acids
D. Phenolic compounds
E. None
Alkaloids
Terpenoids are generally produced through this specific pathway
A. Acetate malonate
B. Cinnamic acid
C. Mevalonate
D. Amino acid
E. All
Mevalonate
The most important intermediate product in the biosynthetic pathway of terpenoid
A. Geranyl pyrophosphate
B. Farnesyl pyrophosphate
C. Isopentanyl pyrophosphate
D. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate
E. None
Isopentanyl pyrophosphate
The following compounds are produced through the cinnamic acid pathway EXCEPT
A. Coumarins
B. Lignins
C. Flavonoids
D. Phenylpropanoids
E. Terpenoids
Terpenoids
The following herbal drugs obtained from the plants characterized with alternate leaves, cymose flowers and capsule or berry type of fruits are classified under family Solanaceae, EXCEPT
A. Belladonna
B. Datura
C. Hyoscyamus
D. Poppy
E. Stramonium
Poppy
The cannabinol content of Cannabis sativa is high at this stage of development
A. In old, matured plants
B. During shoot production
C. Young plant
D. A and B
E. B and C
In old, matured plants
When the opium poppy is harvested before flowering, the latex will contain more of this constituent
A. Codeine
B. Morphine
C. Narcotine
D. Heroin
E. All
Codeine
The cyclic form of levulose when it is present in oligosaccharide or polysaccharises
A. Fructofuranose
B. Fructopyranose
C. Glucofuranose
D. Glucopyranose
E. None
Fructofuranose
The 8-carbon sugar which was isolated from crushed avocado pulp and from rock garden plant, Sedum is known as
A. D-gluco-octulose
B. D-glycero-D-manno-octulose
C. D-glycero-D-levulose
D. All
E. None
D-glycero-D-manno-octulose
A nonreducing sugar commonly found in fungi
A. Lactose
B. Galactose
C. Sucrose
D. Trehalose
E. None
Trehalose
The following seed gums are known as bulk forming laxatives EXCEPT
A. Guar gum
B. Locust bean gum
C. Plantago
D. All
E. None
None
Xanthan gum, a microbial gum prepared by the action of Xanthomonas campestris is known for its _______ property which enables its use in toothpaste and ointment production
A. Dilatants
B. Plastic
C. Pseudoplastic
D. Shear thickening
E. None
Pseudoplastic
In photosynthesis, what type of reaction is responsible for the fixing or reducing of carbon dioxide into sugar?
A. Dark reactions
B. Light reactions
C. Both
D. none
Dark reactions
The following sugar alcohol are products of reductive metabolism of sugar EXCEPT
A. Dulcitol
B. Glucitol
C. Mannitol
D. Propranol
E. Sorbitol
Propranol
The primary sugar which is obtained by hydrolysis of inulin
A. Fructose
B. Galactose
C. Glucose
D. Mannose
E. Sucrose
Fructose
In cheese production, the liquid by product which is formed after the addition of renin and the separation from the coagulum
A. Butter
B. Buttermilk
C. Cheese
D. Malted milk
E. Whey
Whey
Lactulose is converted to the following acids after the action of intestinal bacteria
A. Acetic acid
B. Gluconic acid
C. Lactic acid
D. A and B
E. A and C
A and C
The following are correct about nonhydrolyzable tannins EXCEPT
A. Derived from condensation of 2 or more flavan 3-ols like catechin
B. Derived from condensation of 2 or more flavan 3,4-diols like leucocyanidin
C. When treated with hydrolytic agents they fprm phlobaphenes
D. They readily hydrolyzed to yield phenolic acids and sugar
E. Form green colored solution with FeCl3
They readily hydrolyzed to yield phenolic acids and sugar
Pharmacologic activities of lactone glycosides are the following EXCEPT
A. Anticoagulation
B. Antispasmodic
C. Aphrodisiac
D. Cardiotonic
E. Repigmentation
Cardiotonic
The principal products of hydrolysis of salicin
A. D-glucose and salicyl alcohol
B. D-glucose and saligenin
C. D-glucose and salicylic acid
D. A and B
E. B and C
A and B
The following substances are homopolysaccharide EXCEPT
A. Glycogen
B. Inulin
C. Cellulose
D. Gum
E. Starch
Gum
The specific acid are produced after the hydrolysis of triricinolein by lipases which exert cathartic effect
A. Linoleic acid
B. Oleic acid
C. Palmitic acid
D. Ricinoleic acid
E. Undecylenic acid
Ricinoleic acid
A fixed oil from the seed of Carthamus tinctorius which is used as antilipemic agent in conjunction with an adequate dietary adjustment
A. Almond oil
B. Persic oil
C. Safflower oil
D. Sesame oil
E. Sunflower oil
Safflower oil
The only liquid plant wax expressed from seeds of Simmondsia chinensis
A. Carnauba wax
B. Bees wax
C. Jojoba
D. Spermaceti
E. None
Jojoba
The volatile oil of this crude drug is obtained by expression
A. Cinnamon
B. Clove
C. Peppermint
D. Orange
E. Spearmint
Orange
The dehydration and decarboxylation product of prepehenic acid which leads to the formation of phenylalanine
A. P-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid
B. O-methylphenylpyruvic acid
C. Phenylpyruvic acid
D. Pyruvic acid
E. Pyruvate
Phenylpyruvic acid
The following crude drugs are classified under cardiac glycoside EXCEPT
A. Adonis
B. Convallaria
C. Dogbane
D. Green hellebore
E. Squill
Green hellebore
Which of the following hexoses
yield fructose upon hydrolysis
A.Cellulose
B. Inulin
C.Gum
D. Glycogen
E.Starch
Inulin
This compound is produced after hydrolysis -of salicin which was isolated from willow bark
A. Aspirin
B. Saligenin
C. Salicylic acid
D. B and C
E. None
Saligenin
The following crude drugs are used for their laxative or cathartic effect EXCEPT
A. Cascara sagrada
B. Castor oil
C. Datura
D. Senna
E. Tamarind
Datura
The α-1,4 glycosidic bond is found in the following carbohydrates EXCEPT
A. Amylose
B. Amylopectin
C. Maltose
D. Glycogen
E. Trehalose
Trehalose
A complex mixture of Ca, Mg and K salts of Arabic acid is known as ____
A. Arabic acid
B. Arabin
C. Arabinose
D. Gum arabic
E. Karaya
Arabin
Which of the following anthraquinone derivatives is an isomer of anthrone?
A. Aloin
B. Anthranol
C. Dianthrone
D. Oxanthrone
E. Aloin
Anthranol
A psychotomimetic, euphoric and hallucinogenic substance which was isolated from peyote (Lophophora williamsii)
A. Heroin
B. LSD
C. THC
D. Mescaline
E. Papaverin
Mescaline
The class of ergot commonly known as lysergic acid derivatives which contains the pharmacologically active alkaloids.
A. Clavinet type
B. Peptide alkaloid
C. Terpenoids
D. A and B
E. None of these
Peptide alkaloid
This plant serves as local source of strychnine
A. Strychnos nux vomica
B. Strychnos nux-blanda
C. Strychnos ignatii
D. Strychnos potatorum
E. All
Strychnos ignatii
A specific raulwolfia alkaloid which is known to have antiarrythmic property and was produced by cell suspension culture of Rauwolfia serpentina
A. Ajmaline
B. Ajmalicine
C. Aimaline
D. Serpentine
E. Reserpine
Ajmalicine
The specific amino which give rise to a large class of indole alkaloids.
A. Glycine
B. Phenylalanine
C. Threonine
D. Tryptophan
E. Tyrosine
Tryptophan
Which of the following statements is TRUE about quinine?
A. A quinolone alkaloid
B. It is employed as prophylaxis for cardiac arrhythmias
C. For treatment of glaucoma
D. As treatment for atrial fibrillation
E. Effective against chloroquine-resistant malaria causing organisms
For treatment of glaucoma
The methylation product of theobromine
A. Adenine
B. Caffeine
C. Guanine
D. Theophylline
E. Xanthine
Caffeine
An isomer of theobromine
A. Adenine
B. Caffeine
C. Guanine
D. Theophylline
E. Xanthine
Theophylline
In the Ergot alkaloids, lysergic acid or its isomer is linked to this particular compound
A. Alcohol
B. Amino alcohol
C. Amino acid
D. Protein
E. Sugar
Amino alcohol
The principal alkaloid isolated from Japanese aconite which is known for its cardiotonic properties that is active at the same dosage levels as Digitalis glycoside
A. Aconitine
B. Higentamine
C. Mesaconitine
D. Neopelline
E. Neoline
Higentamine
The specific pharmacologic use of Veratum steroidal alkaloid
A. Cardiotonic
B. Convulsive
C. Bronchodilator
D. Hypotensive
E. Cathartic
Hypotensive
Cephaelis ipecacuanha commonly known as ipecac has been used for many years for the following properties
A. Emetic
B. Expectorant
C. Antitumor
D. A and B only
E. All
All
NK 109, a synthetic isomer of this compound isolated from Fagara xanthoxyloides has been found to have greater antitumor activity than any of the natural benzophenanthridine structures and was entered for clinical trials in Japan.
A. Fegarine
B. Fegaridine
C. Fegadine
D. Figadine
E. None
Fegaridine
A vinca alkaloid which is used
mainly for the treatment of generalized Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s
lymphomas
A.Vinblastine
B.Vincristine
C.Vindesine
D.Vinorelbine
E.None
Vinblastine
This antimalarial compound and is derivatives should be given with mefloquine to reduce the risk of recrudescence and resistance
A. Artemisinin
B. Berberine
C. Emetine
D. Quinine
E. Quassin
Artemisinin
This reagent may be used to distinguish theobromine from caffeine since theobromine will be precipitated from a dilute nitric acid solution
A. Ferric chloride
B. Copper sulfate
C. Silver chloride
D. Silver nitrate
E. Sulfuric acid
Silver nitrate
A limonoid which was isolated from neem tree has in vitro antiplasmodial activity
A. Brutasol
B. Gedunin
C. Jatrophone
D. Quassin
E. Quassinoid
Gedunin
Gossypol, a polyphenol derived from this particular fixed oil is found to have activity against P. falciparum and E. histolytica when tested in vitro.
A. Arachis oil
B. Coconut oil
C. Cotton seed oil
D. Olive oil
E. Palm oil
Cotton seed oil
The first sugar formed during photosynthesis and also a main transport material
A. Glucose
B. Sucrose
C. Fructose
D. Starch
E. None
Sucrose
A mixture of flavonolignans which marked hepatoprotective properties was isolated from milk thistle fruits is known as ___ which is available as purified standardized extract
A. Boldine
B. Cynarin
C. Curcumin
D. Silymarin
E. None
Silymarin
Vincristine has a superior antitumor activity compared to vinblastine but is found to have this side effect
A. Cardiotoxic
B. Convulsive
C. Hepatotoxic
D. Nephrotoxic
E. Neurotoxic
Neurotoxic
Fresh garlic exhibits antibiotic activity due to its Sulfur containing amino acid known as _____
A. Alicin
B. Allilin
C. Allylmercaptocystein
D. Ajoene
E. All
Allilin
Which of the following plants belong to the family Ranunculaceae?
A. Aconiturn
B. Helleborus
C. Tinospora
D. A and B
E. B and C
A and B
The following are subfamilies of the second largest family of flowering plant which is Fabaceae
A. Caesalpinoideae
B. Krameriaceae
C. Crassulaceae
D. Mimosoideae
E. Papilionaceae
Crassulaceae
This balsam is used as an antiseptic dressing for wounds and as parasiticide
A. Balsam of peru
B. Storax
C. Siam benzoin
D. Copaiba
E. Sumatra benzoin
Balsam of peru
The following statements are true about pectin EXCEPT?
A. Purified carbohydrates obtained from dilute alkali extract of the inner portion of rind of citrus fruits
B. It is concists chiefly of partially methoxylated polygalacturonic acids
C. The molecular weight ranges from 100,000 to 250,000
D. The insoluble pectin in fruit is known as protopectin
E. It is classified as protectant, suspending and antidiarrheal agent
Purified carbohydrates obtained from dilute alkali extract of the inner portion of rind of citrus fruits
(-) cathinone is known to have same pharmacologic properties as (+) amphetamine. This substance was isolated from this particular plant
A. Abyssinian tea
B. Ephedra
C. Poppy plant
D. Mandragora
E. Strophantus
Abyssinian tea
It is new, orally active semi synthetic anhydrous derivative of 8’-norvinbalastine with a broader anticancer and lower neurotoxic side effects than other catharantus alkadloids
A. Vinblastine
B. Vincristine
C. Vindesine
D. Vinorelbine
E. None
Vinorelbine
Podophyllum is commonly used as
A. Purgative
B. Paint in the treatment of soft venearal wart
C. Emetic
D. A and B
E. B and C
A and B
The water soluble forms of antimaterial compound derived from Artemisia annua which can be given orally or by intravenous injection
A. Sodium Arthemeter
B. Sodium artelinate
C. Sodium artesunate
D. A and B
E. B and C
B and C
A gum which is effective against H. pylori and may be used for treatment of gastric ulcers
A. Acacia gum
B. Ghatti gum
C. Karaya gum
D. Mastic gum
E. Sterculia gum
Mastic gum
The type of tragacanth which exudes from the natural injuries which is described as wormlike or twisted in coils
A. Ribbon gum
B. Flake gum
C. Tragacanth sorts
D. Vermiform
E. None
Vermiform
The condensation product of acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate which is formed upon entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle
A. Aconitate
B. Citrate
C. Fumarate
D. Malate
E. Oxalosuccinate
Citrate
The following are plant constituents with antiviral activity EXCEPT:
A. Berberine
B. Calanolides
C. Glycyrrhizin
D. Hypericin
E. Licochalcone
Berberine
A highly toxic compound derived from Anamirta cocculus commonly known as fish berry
A. Cicutoxin
B. Berberine
C. Linamarin
D. Picrotoxin
E. Adonitoxin
Picrotoxin
Which of the following plants belong to family papaveraceae?
A. Calophyllum
B. Papaver
C. Sanguinaria
D. A and B
E. B and C
B and C
The product of the action of beta amylase on starch is _____
A. Glucose
B. Fructose
C. Lactose
D. Maltose
E. Sucrose
Maltose
The synthesis of the amylose fraction of the starch us affected by this particular enzyme
A. Amylase
B. Glucosidase
C. Peptidase
D. Transglycosyphase
E. None
Transglycosyphase
The following alkaloids are classified under pyridine piperidine family EXCEPT
A. Arecoline
B. Conline
C. Cocaine
D. Nicotine
E. Lobeline
Cocaine
The following hydrocolloids are classified as microbial gum
A. Dextran
B. Guar
C. Xanthan
D. A and B
E. A and C
A and C
The following algae are major sources of carrageenan
A. Chondrus crisus
B. Gigartina mamillosa
C. Gelidium cartilagenum
D. A and B
E. B and C
A and B
The following crude drugs are classified under cyanophore glycosides EXCEPT
A. Apricot
B. Bitter almond
C. Cassia
D. Cherry
E. Cassava
Cassia
Psidium guajava, a tannin-rich plant and its water extract commonly used as vaginal wash after giving birth and as antibacterial agent
A. Fabaceae
B. Lythraceae
C. Myrtaceae
D. Malvaceae
E. Tiliaceae
Myrtaceae
The most important monosaccharide found in plants
A. Glucose
B. Fructose
C. Ribose
D. A and B
E. B and C
Fructose
The coagulated latex derived from Palaquim and Payena species which is used in dentistry especially as a permanent filling in root canals.
A. Mastic
B. Cement
C. Gutta percha
D. Chicle
E. Rubber
Gutta percha
This particular component of tragacanth is composed of polymethoxylated acids and is responsible for swelling property of this gum
A. Arabin
B. Bassorin
C. Mannuronic acid
D. Tragacanth
E. None
Tragacanth
Anthraquinone glycosides are stimulant cathartic and exert their action by increasing the tone of the smooth muscle in the ______
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
D. A and B
E. B and C
Large intestine
The aglycone portion of glycyrrhizin which is used for its anti-inflammatory property
A. Glycyrrhizic acid
B. Glycyrrhetic acid
C. Glucoronic acid
D. Both A and B
E. None
Glycyrrhetic acid
An isoquinoline alkaloid whose salt is colored copper red
A. Coniine
B. Nicotine
C. Berberine
D. Sanguinarine
E. Morphine
Sanguinarine
Carrageenan hydrocolloids differ chemically from agar by having higher _____ content
A. Glucose
B. Chloride
C. Sulfate ester
D. Nitrate
E. Phosphate
Glucose
The principal adrenal steroid that regulates sodium, potassium and water balance in the organism
A. Aldosterone
B. Cortisone
C. Desoxycorticosterone
D. Hydrocortisone
E. None
Aldosterone
The following are non-heterocyclic alkaloids EXCEPT
A. Colchicines
B. Ephedrine
C. Hordenine
D. Lobeline
E. Mescaline
Lobeline
An alkaloid containing a quaternary amine and is known for its skeletal muscle relaxant effect
A. Brucine
B. Pilocarpine
C. Ephedrine
D. Strychnine
E. Tubocurarine
Tubocurarine
The aglycone produced when sinigrin is hydrolysed by myrosin
A. Acrinyl isothiocyanate
B. Allyl isothiocyanate
C. Volatile mustard oil
D. A and C
E. B and C
B and C
Deslanoside is a desacetyllanatoside C, which on hydrolysis will yield digoxigenin, digitoxose and glucose in proportions of _____
A. 1:1:3
B. 3:1:1
C. 1:2:1
D. 1:3:1
E. 2:3:1
1:3:1
The primary bile acids formed in the human liver are the following
A. Cholic acid
B. Chenodesoxycholic acid
C. Desoxycholic acid
D. A and B
E. B and C
A and B
The specific alkaloid derived from Cephaelis which is used against hepatic and interstitial amoebiasis
A. Emetine
B. Dehydroemetine
C. Psychotine
D. A and B
E. All
Emetine
A terpenoid alkaloid derived from wolfsbane root
A. Aconitine
B. Germine
C. Protoverine
D. Arecholine
E. Atropine
Aconitine
This specific sterol which was isolated from both calabar bean and soybean oil and is readily converted into pregnane type of steroid hormone
A. Beta sitosterol
B. Ergosterol
C. Cholesterol
D. Stigmasterol
E. None
Stigmasterol
The following are common medicinal use of catharides EXCEPT
A. Irritant
B. Rubefacient
C. Aphrodisiac
D. Cardiotonic
E. Removal of warts
Cardiotonic
A polyisoprenoid consisting of a mixture of cis and trans – C5 isoprenoids obtained from Manilkara zapota which serve as a base used for chewing gum
A. Mastic
B. Cement
C. Gutta percha
D. Chicle
E. Rubber
Chicle
The form of vitamin B6 is abundant in plant sources
A. Pyridoxol
B. Pyridoxal
C. Pyridoxamine
D. B and C
E. All
Pyridoxol
The following flavonoids constitute the vitamin P or known as permeability factor
A. Hesperidin
B. Hesperitin
C. Rutin
D. A and C
E. B and C
A and C
A lignin derivative obtained from podophyllum which is used from the treatment of small cell lung cancer and testicular cancer
A. Etoposide
B. Peltatin
C. Podophyllotixin
D. Teniposide
E. None
Etoposide
The following substances contain high molecular weight alcohol and long chain fatty acids EXCEPT
A. Beeswax
B. Carnauba
C. Jojoba oil
D. Spermaceti
E. Cocoa butter
Cocoa butter
The following compounds are known to be antiprotozoal alkaloids EXCEPT
A. Berberine
B. Emetine
C. Jatrorhizzine
D. Arecoline
E. Quinine
Arecoline
Vitamin B3 is highly distributed in the following sources EXCEPT
A. Egg
B. Liver
C. Rice polishing
D. Milk
E. Yeast
Rice polishing
The specific bile acid which contributes to the biliary cholesterol gallstones
A. Cholic acid
B. Chenosdeoxycholic acid
C. Desoxycholic acid
D. Lithocholic acid
E. None
Chenosdeoxycholic acid
A purified mixture of saccharides (not less than 93% dextrose) also prepared by controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of starch
A. Dextrin
B. Oligosaccharide
C. Glucosan
D. Dextrates
E. Amylose
Dextrates
A diterpene ester isolated from Taxus brevifolia which is used clinically in the treatment of ovarian, breast and non-small cell lung cancer
A. Paclitaxel
B. Taxane
C. Taxol
D. A and B
E. A and C
Paclitaxel
The following are true about gutta-percha, a purified, coagulated latex derived from Palaquium trees EXCEPT
A. It is incapable of vulcanization
B. It becomes plastic when heated 45-60℃
C. Used as covering moist dressing
D. Composed of C10 units linked by cis double bonds
E. Used in manufacture of surgical instruments
Composed of C10 units linked by cis double bonds
The following compounds are cyanogenic glycosides EXCEPT
A. Amygdalin
B. Diosgenin
C. Linamarin
D. Phaseolunatin
E. Prunasin
Diosgenin
This specific steroid is responsible for the molting of insect
A. Antheridiol
B. Ecdysone
C. Egosterol
D. Estradiol
E. Lanosterol
Ecdysone
The following alkaloids are oxygen free and are liquid by nature
A. Coniine
B. Nicotine
C. Berberine
D. A and B
E. B and C
A and B
Tannins will produce this color upon reaction with potassium ferricyanide and ammonia
A. Green
B. Blue
C. Pink
D. Deep red
E. Black
Deep red
Tropane alkaloids like hyoscyamine and atropine are isolated from the following plants EXCEPT
A. Atropa
B. Datura
C. Hyoscyamus
D. Piper
E. Mandragora
Piper
This specific fixed oil combination with medium chain triglycerides are common ingredients of products for oral administration and are described as balanced dietary supplements
A. Corn oil
B. Coconut oil
C. Almond oil
D. Sesame oil
E. Soybean oil
Coconut oil
A sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Artemisia annua which is used for the treatment chloroquine resistant malaria
A. Artemisin
B. Artemisinin
C. Artemether
D. Sodium artesunate
E. Sodium artelinate
Artemisinin
The type of distillation used commonly for fresh plant samples which does not require maceration of the drug
A. Water distillation
B. Water and steam distillation
C. Direct steam distillation
D. Destructive distillation
E. None
Direct steam distillation
Which of the following volatile constituents is not a phenylpropanoid?
A. Cinnamaldehyde
B. Eugenol
C. Limonene
D. Anethole
E. Methylsalicylate
Limonene
The following volatile oils are derived from the fruit part of the plant EXCEPT
A. Coriander oil
B. Juniper oil
C. Orange oil
D. Neroli oil
E. None
Neroli oil
The following quinoine alkaloids were isolated from plants belonging to Rubiaceae family EXCEPT
A. Cinchonine
B. Cinchonidine
C. Cisparine
D. Quinine
E. None
Cisparine
Synthetic racemic menthol is produced by hydrogenation of this particular volatile oil
A. Geraniol
B. Carvone
C. Limonene
D. Thujone
E. Thymol
Thymol
Sulfoxide, found In Allium species is responsible for lachrymator factor of these plants and was derived from what specific amino acid?
A. Alanine
B. Glycine
C. Cysteine
D. Methionine
E. Proline
Cysteine
Ubiquinone, a coenzyme found in the liver and involved in the electron transport chain is commonly known as
A. Vitamin P
B. Vitamin U
C. Vitamin Q
D. Vitamin Q10
E. None
Vitamin Q10
The following crude drugs are classified under ketone volatile oil group EXCEPT
A. Buchu
B. Caraway
C. Cinnamon
D. Cedar leaf
E. Wormwood
Cinnamon
The main component of commercial garlic powder which is converted to other sulfur compounds which provide the garlic odor
A. Allilin
B. Allicin
C. Diallyl disulphide
D. Diallyl trisulfide
E. All
Diallyl trisulfide
The following plants are rich sources of menthol, an alcohol volatile oil
A. Mentha avensis
B. Merha piperta
C. Mentha spicata
D. A and B
E. B and C
A and B
A volatile oil which is employed as a toothache remedy and is applied topically to dental cavities
A. Cassia oil
B. Clove oil
C. Fennel oil
D. Nutmeg oil
E. Spearmint oil
Clove oil
Methyl salicylate is commonly known as EXCEPT
A. Betula oll
B. Gaultheria oil
C. Juniper oil
D. Wintergreen oil
E. Sweet birch oil
Juniper oil
Vitamin B9 is also known as
A. Folacin
B. Folic acid
C. Vitamin M
D. A and B
E. All
All
The following compounds are classified as steroidal alkaloidal glycosides EXCEPT
A. Solanin
B. Soladulcin
C. Hellebrin
D. Tomatin
E. Solasodine
Hellebrin
These compounds are termed nitrogenous anthocyanins which are responsible for the bright colorations of flowers and fruits of Cactaceae
A. Anthocyanin
B. Anthraquinone
C. Betalains
D. Chalcone
E. Leucoanthocyanin
Betalains
The only disaccharide that occurs abundantly in the free state in plants
A. Lactose
B. Sucrose
C. Saccharide
D. A and B
E. B and C
B and C
The following dicotyledonous orders are known to be alkaloid free at present EXCEPT
A. Cucurbitales
B. Fagales
C. Oleales
D. Rosales
E. Salicales
Rosales
The volatile oil from these crude drugs isolated from a specific plant part which is the glandular hair
A. Basil
B. Celery
C. Mint
D. Oregano
E. Rosemary
Celery
The following are rich sources of Vitamin B5 EXCEPT
A. Chicken
B. Milk
C. Liver
D. Cereals
E. Nuts
Cereals
The following compounds are known as lupin alkaloids and are classified as Quinolizidine commonly occurring in family Leguminosae
A. Cytosine
B. Labumine
C. Lupanine
D. Physostigmine
E. Sparteine
Physostigmine
The following statement are incorrect about methyl salicylate
A. It is obtained by maceration and subsequent steam distillation of Gaulteria leaves
B. It is made synthetically by distilling a mixture of ethanol and saligenin
C. A colorless, pink to purple liquid with odor and taste of wintergreen
D. A and B
E. B and C
B and C
A resin which is used as stiffening agent in cerates, plasters and ointments and as adulterant of other resinous products
A. Podophyllum
B. Mastic
C. Eriodictyon
D. Jalap
E. Rosin
Rosin
The following indole alkaloids were isolated from plants belonging to family Apocynaceae
A. Reserpine
B. Physostigmine
C. Vinblastine
D. Vincristine
E. Yohimbine
Physostigmine
The chief enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of gaultherin and the production of methyl salicylate
A. Amylase
B. Glucosidase
C. Gaultherase
D. Emulsion
E. Myrosin
Gaultherase
A resin derived from the tuberous root of Exogonium purga which is used as cathartic agent
A. Podophyllum
B. Mastic
C. Eriodictyon
D. Jalap
E. Rosin
Jalap
The drying fixed oil expressed from Carthamus tinctorius and is recommended for its cholesterol lowering properties
A. Olive oil
B. Palm oil
C. Linseed oil
D. Safflower oil
E. Sesame oil
Safflower oil
The alkaloidal precipitating reagent which Is composed of saturated solution of picric acid
A. Hager’s reagent
B. Dragendorff’s reagent
C. Mayer’s reagent
D. Wagner’s reagent
E. Sonnenschein reagent
Hager’s reagent
The sedating principles isolated from cannabis resin are
A. Cannabidiol
B. Cannabichromene
C. Cannabidiolic acid
D. A and B
E. B and C
B and C
The ginger volatile oil consists of the following sesquiterpenes EXCEPT
A. Bisabolene
B. Zingiberene
C. Zingerone
D. Zingiberol
E. None
Zingerone
Alkaloids react with Wagners and Dragendoffs reagents and will form precipitate which are colored ____
A. Cream
B. Yellow
C. Black
D. Reddish brown
E. Blue
Reddish brown
The following are tribasic acids which are important components of the Kreb’s cycle EXCEPT
A. Aconitic acid
B. Citric acid
C. Malic acid
D. Isocitric acid
E. None
Malic acid
The following are medicinal uses of balsam of copaiba EXCEPT
A. Diuretic
B. Expectorant
C. Genitourinary disinfectant
D. Astringent
E. Laxative
Astringent
Which among the following balsams is commonly used for skin diseases and as a local protectant?
A. Balsam of copaiba
B. Peru balsam
C. Benzoin
D. Tolu balsam
E. Storax
Peru balsam
Caffeine is a purine alkaloid which is not precipitated by alkaloidal reagents. However, it will produce a purple color with this test.
A. Dragendofs test
B. Murexide test
C. Silver nitrate test
D. Schiffs test
E. Thalloeoquin test
Murexide test
Ergosterol, a major steroid isolated from fungi is commonly known as
A. Provitamin D2
B. Provitamin D3
C. Vitamin D
D. Both A and B
E. None
Provitamin D2
The following crude drugs are classified under steroidal alkaloid EXCEPT
A. Green hellebore
B. Veratum viride
C. Black hellebore
D. White hellebore
E. None
Black hellebore
The following alkaloids are derived from amino acid, omithine EXCEPT
A. Atropine
B. Hyoscyamine
C. Nicotine
D. Pilocarpine
E. None
Pilocarpine
Reserpine, an indole alkaloid is commonly used as
A. Antihypertensive
B. Mood enhancer
C. Tranquilizer
D. A and B
E. A and C
A and C
Vitamin H Is commonly known as
A. Biotin
B. Coenzyme R
C. Coenzyme Q
D. A and B
E. All
A and B
The presence of this acid serves as an indicator of the opium alkaloid occurrence in any product
A. Isoquinolic acid
B. Meconic acid
C. Noscapic acid
D. Tropic acid
E. None
Meconic acid
It is obtained by the oxidation of dextrose , either with chlorine or electrolytically in the presence of bromide
A. Glucitol
B. Glucuronic acid
C. Gluconic acid
D. Glucaric acid
E. None
Gluconic acid
This particular indole alkaloid is known for its efficiency to quench singlet oxygen
A. Ergotamine
B. Ergometrine
C. Reserpine
D. Strychnine
E. Vinblastine
Reserpine
A crude drug will provide this positive result from emetine after treating with HCI and potassium KCIO3
A. Red to yellow
B. Red to white
C. Yellow to red
D. Yellow to green
E. Yellow to blue
Yellow to red
The specific isoquinoline alkaloid derived from the bark and stems of Strychnos castelnaei is
A. Brucine
B. Strychnine
C. Tubocurarine
D. A and B
E. None
None
The primary clinical application of cinchona alkaloids
A. Cardiac arrhythmia
B. Convulsions
C. Malaria
D. A and B
E. A and C
A and C
Cholecalciferol occurs naturally in higher animals and is formed photochemically from 7-dehydrocholesterol by sun’s in adiation of the skin
A. Vitamin D2
B. Vitamin D3
C. Vitamin D4
D. Vitamin D5
E. Vitamin D6
Vitamin D3
Atropine when treated with baryla water and heated at 60℃ will form the following products
A. Oscine
B. Tropine
C. Tropic acid
D. A and B
E. B and C
B and C
An alkaloid which is known for its multiple central, peripheral effects as well as the rewarding property due to the blocking of dopamine reuptake mechanism
A. Atropine
B. Cocaine
C. Morphine
D. Heroin
E. Reserpine
Cocaine
An alkaloid abundant in Datura species which upon hydrolysis will yields tropic and scopoline
A. Atropine
B. Hyoscine
C. Scopolamine
D. A and B
E. B and C
B and C
The following tropane alkaloids isolated from the plants belonging to family Solanaceae EXCEPT
A. Atropine
B. Cocaine
C. Hyoscyamine
D. Hyoscine
E. Mandragorine
Cocaine
The following are clinical effects of atropine EXCEPT
A. Hyperthermia
B. Mydriasis
C. Constipation
D. Antisialogogue
E. Secretory effect
Secretory effect
The product of esterification of tropine with tropic acid is ____
A. Atropine
B. Hyoscyamine
C. Scopolamine
D. Hyoscine
E. None
Hyoscyamine
Colchicum autumnale is commonly known as
A. Autumn crocus
B. Meadow saffron
C. Croccus
D. A and B
E. A and C
A and B
Nutraceuticals which are used for the maintenance of eye health, are antioxidant and can fight blue light
A. Vitamin A
B. Lutein
C. Zeaxanthin
D. A and B
E. B and C
B and C
The 3-hydroxy derivative of tropane is known as
A. Tropic acid
B. Tropate
C. Tropine
D. Tropinate
E. None
Tropine
The principal alkaloids from ipecac which are phenolic in nature are the following
A. Cephaeline
B. Emetine
C. Psychotrine
D. A and B
E. A and C
A and C
The following are amino acids which serve as alkaloidal precursors EXCEPT
A. Lysine
B. Leucine
C. Omithine
D. Phenylalanine
E. Tryptophan
Leucine
The following alkaloids are miotic agents
A. Reserpine
B. Pilocarpine
C. Physostigmine
D. A and B
E. B and C
B and C
The parts used for colchicum which serve as the richest sources of colchine
A. Corn
B. Fruit
C. Seed
D. A and B
E. A and C
A and C
Substances with cholesterol will produce this color upon the addition of CHCl3, acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid
A. Green
B. Yellow
C. Red
D. Orange
E. Pink
Green
The principal alkaloid in all Datura species
A. Atropine
B. Hyoscyamine
C. Hyoscine
D. A and B
E. All
Hyoscine
The following are classified under isoquinoline alkaloids EXCEPT
A. Codeine
B. Emetine
C. Morphine
D. Reserpine
E. Tubocurarine
Reserpine
The following alkaloids are liquid in form due to the lack of oxygen in their molecules EXCEPT
A. Caffeine
B. Coniine
C. Sparteine
D. Nicotine
E. None
Caffeine
Ergotoxine, a pure substance isolated by Banger and Carr which is composed of the following compounds
A. Ergocristine
B. Ergocomine
C. Ergometrine
D. A and B
E. All
A and B
The primary principal glycoside in both Strophanthus kombe and S. hispidus are the following
A. G-strophanthoside
B. K-strophanthoside
C. Strophoside
D. A and B
E. B and C
B and C
A hexahydric alcohol that is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
A. Glucitol
B. Dulcital
C. Mannitol
D. Sorbitol
E. Ribitol
Mannitol
A bisbenzylisoquinaline alkaloid derived from dopamine which is used to secure muscular relaxation in surgical operation
A. Emetine
B. Aristolochic aid
C. Palmatine
D. Sanguinarine
E. Tubocurarine
Tubocurarine
The following are synonymous terms referring to the dried rhizome of Apocynum cannabinum EXCEPT
A. Black indian hemp
B. Canadian hemp
C. Dog bane
D. Indian hemp
E. None
Indian hemp
The following glycoside are derivatives of digoxigenin EXCEPT
A. Digoxin
B. Acetyldigoxin
C. Desacetyllanatoside C
D. Digitoxin
E. Lanatoside C
Digitoxin
It occurs as white, odourless, microcrystalline powder, practically insoluble in water and is the most lipid soluble of the cardiac glycosides used in therapeutics
A. Digoxin
B. Deslanoside
C. Digitoxin
D. Gitoxin
E. Lanatoside
Digitoxin
The following ergot alkaloids are water insoluble compounds EXCEPT
A. Ergometrine
B. Ergotamine
C. Ergosine
D. Ergocrystine
E. Ergocryptine
Ergometrine
A specific alcohol volatile oil which has an antipruritic acid and cardiac depression effect
A. Citronellal
B. Geraniol
C. Menthol
D. Carvone
E. Terpinol
Menthol
This alkaloid in its hydrobromide form is employed in preoperative medication usually with papaveretum, 30-60min before the induction of anesthesia
A. Atropine
B. Hyoscyamine
C. Hyoscine
D. All
E. None
Hyoscine
Quinidine has the following medical applications EXCEPT
A. Prophylaxis of cardiac arrhythmias
B. Treatment of atrial fibrillation
C. Treatment of torsade de pointes
D. Antimalarial property
E. None
Treatment of torsade de pointes
An aldehyde volatile oil which is commonly used as insect repellent
A. Citronella oil
B. Juniper oil
C. Peppermint oil
D. Hamamelis oil
E. Rose oil
Citronella oil
The following are alcohol volatile oils EXCEPT
A. Cardamom oil
B. Juniper oil
C. Peppermint oil
D. Hamamelis oil
E. Rose oil
Hamamelis oil
The fluorescent substance obtained from belladonna leaf
A. B-methylaesculetin
B. N-methylpyrroline
C. Scopoletin
D. A and B
E. A and C
A and C
The principal precursors for phenylpropanoid compounds which are found in volatile oils
A. Cinnamic acid
B. P-hydroxycinnamic acid
C. P-coumaric acid
D. A and B
E. All
All
The type of prostaglandin which is used for the palliative therapy of neonates the patent ductus arteriosus and certain congenital heart defects
A. PGE1
B. PGE2
C. PGF2alpha
D. PGE1
E. PGE2
PGE1
The variety of coca which is well adapted in the desert conditions of N. Peru and was cultivated for “coca chewing” and the manufacture of cocoa based soft drinks
A. Amazonian coca
B. Columbian cola
C. Huanuco coca
D. Truxillo coca
E. Mexican coca
Truxillo coca
The liquid plant wax which is hydrogenize and resembles the properties of spermaceti
A. Bayberry wax
B. Carnauba wax
C. Cutin
D. Jojoba oil
E. Copernicia wax
Jojoba oil
The following alkaloids may cause the doubling of chromosomes in cells
A. Colchicine
B. Pilocarpine
C. Sanguinarine
D. A and B
E. A and C
A and C
The following acids serve as antifungal agents EXCEPT
A. Acetic acid
B. Salicylic acid
C. Undecylenic acid
D. Azelaic acid
E. None
Azelaic acid
The following are unsaturated fatty acid EXCEPT
A. Linoleic acid
B. Linolenic acid
C. Palmitoleic acid
D. Oleic acid
E. Lauric acid
Lauric acid
The refined, fixed oil derived from the seed od Sesamum indicum is commonly known as
A. Benne oil
B. Arachis oil
C. Teel oil
D. A and B
E. A and C
A and C
A purified internal fat of the abdomen of the sheep, Ovis aries which is used as ointment base
A. Lard
B. Carnauba
C. Suet
D. Wool fat
E. Lanolin
Suet
A compound found sugar cane waste and leaves of alfalfa and wheat which exhibit lipid lowering activity
A. Lutein
B. Linoleic acid
C. Policosanol
D. Resveratrol
E. Pycnogenol
Policosanol
The main metabolite of cocaine which may be identified in body fluids is ___
A. Benzoic acid
B. Benzoylecgonine
C. Methyl alcohol
D. A and C
E. B and C
Benzoylecgonine
An ingredient in most nutraceutical products which is used in controlling deranged lipid and cholesterol metabolism
A. Peanut oil
B. Sunflower oil
C. Lecithin
D. Soybean oil
E. Sesamol
Lecithin
An acyl-CoA cholesterol acyl transferase inhibitor and a recently isolated alkaloid from Piper longum is proposed to be used for treatment of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis
A. Capsaicin
B. Guinesine
C. Piperin
D. Piperettine
E. None
Guinesine
A hexitol that tastes approximately half as sweet as sucrose. has humectant properties, is not absorbed on oral ingestion and is not metabolized readily
A. Glucitol
B. Xylitol
C. Sorbitol
D. A and B
E. A and C
A and C
Ephedrine and mescaline are alkaloidal amine which are derived from this specific amino acid
A. Lysine
B. Omithine
C. Phenylalanine
D. Proline
E. Tyrosine
Phenylalanine
The following polyphenols are commonly found in Camelle species EXCEPT
A. Catechin
B. Kaempferol
C. Gallotannin
D. Myricetin
E. Quercetin
Gallotannin
A milky fluid produced by the salivary glands of worker bees and used for counteracting the effects of ageing and for the treatment of depression and dermatitis
A. Honey
B. Royal jelly
C. Propolis
D. Beeswax
E. None
Royal jelly
The reaction Involved in the conversion of liquid oil to semisolid fats which are used as cooking fats and shortening
A. Hydrolysis
B. Hydrogenation
C. Oxidation
D. Sulfonation
E. None
Hydrogenation
An isoquinolone alkaloid derived from goldenseal root which is used for the control of uterine haemorrhage
A. Berberine HCl
B. Canadine HCl
C. Hydrastine HCl
D. Morphine HCl
E. Sanguinarine HCl
Hydrastine HCl
The condensation product between acetyl coa and carbon dioxide which is serves as intermediate molecule in fatty acid synthesis
A. Butyryl CoA
B. Caproyl CoA
C. Malonyl CoA
D. Lauryl CoA
E. Myristoyl CoA
Malonyl CoA
The following substances are used in perfumery as fixative EXCEPT
A. Ambergris
B. Civet
C. Musk
D. Rose
E. Vanilla
Rose
Papaveretum BP is a mixture of the HCl of these opium alkaloids EXCEPT
A. Codeine
B. Morphine
C. Papaverine
D. Noscapine
E. None
Noscapine
The following plants are sources of compounds used as rodent poisons
A. Red squill
B. White squill
C. Strychnos
D. A and C
E. All
All
A C6 acid which forms the basic building block of isoprenoid compounds
A. Citric acid
B. Aconitic acid
C. Malic acid
D. Mevalonic acid
E. Isocitric acid
Mevalonic acid
The following are rich sources of lactone glycosides EXCEPT
A. Blistering flies
B. Brassica
C. Melilotus
D. Vibumum
E. Tonka beans
Brassica
The following plants are rich sources of amygdalin EXCEPT
A. Bitter almond
B. Apricot
C. Cherries
D. Populus
E. Plum
Populus
The pericyclic fibers of the stem of Cannabis sativa
A. Cotton wool
B. Jute
C. Flax
D. Hemp
E. Rayon
Hemp
A condensation product of caffeic acid and quinic acid which occurs in ate, coffee, hops, elder flower and lime flowers
A. Benzoic acid
B. Cinnamic acid
C. Chlorogenic acid
D. Shikimic acid
E. Truxillic acid
Chlorogenic acid
Meconic acid, either in free form or as meconate will identify the presence of opium alkaloids by reacting with FeCls solution and producing a _____ color
A. Deep blue
B. Deep orange
C. Deep red
D. Dark brown
E. Dark pink
Deep red
The following amino acids are precursors of most alkaloids EXCEPT
A. Arginine
B. Glycine
C. Omithine
D. Hydroxyproline
E. Proline
Glycine
Pectin has the following pharmaceutical or medicinal properties EXCEPT
A. Laxative
B. Suspending agent
C. Ingredient in antidiarrheal formulations
D. As protectant
E. None
Laxative
The best grade senna leaf is colored ____
A. Yellow
B. Green
C. Blue green
D. Blue
E. Dark yellow
Blue green
The plant part used in plantago seed which swells thus providing bulk and lubrication
A. Embryo
B. Endosperm
C. Cotyledon
D. Seed coat
E. None
Seed coat
The following compounds are responsible for the cell division, cell elongation and growth of plant and fruit ripening except
A. Abscisic acid
B. Cytokinin
C. Auxin
D. Gibberellin
E. Ethylene
Abscisic acid
The following gums are derived from marine sources and are usually used as suspending agents EXCEPT
A. Agar
B. Algin
C. Karaya
D. Carrageenan
E. Sodium alginate
Karaya
Pyroxylin is the product obtained by the action of these two acids on cotton
A. Hydrochloric acid
B. Nitric acid
C. Sulfuric acid
D. A and B
E. B and C
B and C
An ether of morphine which is used as antitussive
A. Codeine
B. Morphine
C. Oripavine
D. Heroin
E. Codeinone
Codeine
The following opium alkaloids are strong bases, produce alkaline reaction to litmus and are highly toxic EXCEPT
A. Codeine
B. Morphine
C. Noscapine
D. Thebaine
E. None
Noscapine
A term referring to closely related hydrocolloids that are obtained from various red algae or seaweeds
A. Irish moss
B. Carrageenan
C. Danish agar
D. Japanese isinglass
E. None
Carrageenan
