Pharmacogenomics part 2

Question 1

pharmacodynamic genes can be a source of variation
explain what pharmacodynamic genes are

Answer 1

they code for drug receptors and drug targets

Question 2

what drugs can cause drug-induced hypersensitivity and cause liver injury, toxic epidermal necrosis, and steven-johnson syndrome?

Answer 2

sulfa drugs
NSAIDS
anibiotics
steroids
anti-epileptics
methotrexate

Question 3

explain how hypersensitivity reactions have varying prevalence rates in different racial and ethnic populations

Answer 3

there is an increased prevalance of carbamazepine-induced skin toxicities

Question 4

what kind of drug is abacavir

Answer 4

antiviral

Question 5

what are polygenic effects

Answer 5

the combined effect of multiple genes on a drug response. multiple genes have mutation

Question 6

what 2 genes have an important effect on warfarin dosing

Answer 6

CYP2C9
VKORC1

Question 7

How does warfarin work as an anticoagulant?

Answer 7

reduces vitamin k reductase which in turn reduces amt of vitamin k to help in clotting

Question 8

for any anticoagulant, what clotting factors are normally inhibited?

Answer 8

prothrombin 2, 7, 9, 10

Question 9

what does UGT1A1 do

Answer 9

phase 2 enzyme that adds glucuronic acid to bilirubin and to bile excreted drugs

Question 10

what does TPMT stand for and what does it do

Answer 10

thiopurine s-methyltransferase

phase 2 enzyme that deactivates thiopurine drugs by covalently attaching a methyl group group to sulfhydryl compounds

Question 11

impaired Thipurine S-methyltransferase will leads to what?

Answer 11

thiopurine and metabolite toxicities

Question 12

population-based hypersensitivty reactions have been attributed to…..

Answer 12

genetic polymorphisms in the HLA system – MHC complex

Question 13

name a drug that induces hypersensitivity

Answer 13

abacavir