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MBD > Pharmacogenomics and Nutrigenomics > Flashcards

Pharmacogenomics and Nutrigenomics Flashcards

1
Q

Deals with the influence of genetic variation on drug response

A

Pharmacogenomics

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2
Q

The human genome contains how many genes that encode proteins

A

20,000

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3
Q

It is the analysis of genomes either through experimentation or data analysis

A

Genomics

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4
Q

Study of variations in a targeted gene or group for variability in drug response

A

Pharmacogenetics

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5
Q

4 phases of clinical studies in man

A

1 - Clinical Pharmacology
2 - Clinical Investigation
3 - Clinical Trials
4 - Post Marketing Clinical trials

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6
Q

Genetics can account for ____% of variability in drug deposition & effects

A

20-95%

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7
Q

2 Major types of sequence variation

A

SNPs

Indels

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8
Q

Variation is present to some appreciable degree within a population

A

SNPs

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9
Q

Less frequent in the genome

A

Indels

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10
Q

It is a study of what the body does to the drug

A

Pharmacokinetics

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11
Q

It is a study of what the drug does to the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

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12
Q

It tells how the drug enters the bloodstream

A

Absorption

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13
Q

It describes where the drug travels after absorption and how much reached the target site

A

Distribution

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14
Q

It is also known as Biotransformation which tells how the drug gets broken down in the body

A

Metabolism

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15
Q

It describes how drugs leave the body

A

Excretion

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16
Q

(True or False)

If the patient metabolizes drug quickly, the doses needs to be lower to avoid side effects

A

False

Must be higher to treat them effectively

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17
Q

3 processes that occur in renal excretion

A

Glomerular filtration
Tubular secretion
Passive reabsorption

18
Q

If drugs will not be excreted in the kidneys, it can be eliminated by what organ

A

Liver

19
Q

These are individuals who have 2 normal genes and metabolize drugs normally

A

Extensive metabolizer

20
Q

Intermediate metabolizer have ___ & ___ allele from the same gene and show reduced metabolic activity

A

1 active

1 non-active

21
Q

These individuals have multiple copies of active genes

A

Ultra-rapid metabolizer

22
Q

These individuals have two-functional genes and metabolize drugs very slowly

A

Poor metabolizer

23
Q

Multiple medications in a single patient

A

Polypharmacy

24
Q

It means reducing the number of drugs or stopping medication

A

Deprescribing

25
Q

It is involved in metabolism and clearance of S warfarin

A

CYP2C9

26
Q

It encodes vitamin K epoxide reductase enzyme and the target of warfarin

A

VKORC1

27
Q

Class of medication called NRTIs and usually used for HIV patients

A

Abacavir

28
Q

NRTIs stands for

A

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

29
Q

It is used to prevent seizure or convulsions

A

Anticonvulsants

30
Q

Anti-psychotic medication

A

Clozapine

31
Q

It is a chemotherapeutic agent

A

5-fluorouracil

32
Q

This drug blocks the effect of estrogen hormone

A

Tamoxifen

33
Q

Most common side effect of Tamoxifen

A

Hot flushes

34
Q

It is used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia

A

Dasatinib, Imatinib

35
Q

2 CCYP 450 enzymes in amplichip

A

2D6

2C19

36
Q

(True or False)

RTPCR is one of the earliest genetic markers developed for genetic mapping

A

False

RFLP

37
Q

This method is used to reveal genetic code of DNA

A

Pyro-sequencing

38
Q

What is the name of Vitamin D2 & D3

A

D2- ergocalciferol

D3-cholecalciferol

39
Q

It is also known as egg-white injury factor

A

Biotin

40
Q

It is best paired with Vitamin C

A

Iron

41
Q

(True or False)

Nutrigenomics is how your genes affect how your body responds to what you eat

A

False

Nutrigenetics

MBD (3 decks)

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