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ebm > pharmacoeconomics > Flashcards

pharmacoeconomics Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 different pharmacoeconomic designs

A
  1. coost minimization analysis
  2. cost effectiveness analysis
  3. cost utility analysis
  4. cost benefit analysis
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2
Q

what is the combination of cost and health outcome

A

value

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3
Q

what are 4 reasons for health economic research

A
  1. scarcity of healthcare resources
  2. alternative use of existing resources
  3. increasing demand for value
  4. increasing demand for accountability
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4
Q

what is the difference in cost and price

A 
cost = actual value of resources 
price = perceived reality investment cost expectation; includes profit margins, taxes, and other fees
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5
Q

what represents the actual expenditures which represent a transaction price

A

price paid (not price charged)

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6
Q

a study from what perspective can demonstrate overall costsand benefits

A

society

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7
Q

what the beneficial outcomes of using society’s perspective

A

all the consequences including quality of life

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8
Q

the payer’s perspective doe not include what

A

patient’s expenses

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9
Q

what is the outcome of using payers’ perspective

A

efficiency of the healthcare delivery system

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10
Q

what is the outcome of using provider’s perspective

A

understanding length of stay, morality and morbidity

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11
Q

what is an example of provider’s perspective

A

hospital formulary decision

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12
Q

what is the beneficial outcome of patient’s perspective

A

relieve of symptoms, cure, quality of life

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13
Q

what is the most subjective perspective

A

patients; includes patient preferences

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14
Q

what are total costs

A

sum of all costs defined by a perspective

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15
Q

what are direct costs

A

total value of goods, services and other resources

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16
Q

which costs are difficult to measure and value

A

indirect costs

17
Q

which costs are difficult to quantify and value

A

intangible costs

18
Q

pain and suffering related to a treatment is what type of resource cost

A

intangible costs

19
Q

what are the 4 cost aspects in economic evaluation

A
  1. Identify items to be included
  2. measurement of units used
  3. value
  4. calculate total costs of options
20
Q

what is the analysis of the cost of two or more health care alternatives with equivalent outcomes are compared on the basis of cost

A

cost minimization analysis

21
Q

what is the analysis that compares the net costs and effects of a health care alternative with costs and effects of other alternatives

A

cost effectiveness analyses

22
Q

how are effects measured in cost effectiveness ratios

A

natural outcome units

23
Q

what makes up natural outcome units

A
  1. cases prevented
  2. number of lives saved
  3. surrogate outcomes
24
Q

what is the cost effectiveness ratio formula

A

total cost of alternative/ measure of effects

25
Q

explain the marginal CE ratio formula

A

(TCa - TCb)/(Ea-Eb) = MC/ME

26
Q

what must be the same for both alternatives in a cost effectiveness analysis

A

measure of effect

can’t compare total cholesterol and migraine attacks

27
Q

what is a specialized type of cost effectiveness analysis where effects are measured in health outcomes

A

cost utility analysis

28
Q

what is a health utility measure combining quality and quantity of life

A

guality adjusted life years

29
Q

what compares the net costs and net benefits of a health care alternative

A

cost benefit analysis

30
Q

why are cost benefit analyses not frequently used in health care

A

difficult to assign monetary values to human life or impairments

31
Q

what are the outcome units of cost utility analysis

A

health status

32
Q

what are the outcome units of cost benefit analysis

A

monetary

33
Q

what is the evaluation of costs and effects of health care alternatives in which costs and effects are enumerated but not aggregated

A

cost consequence analysis

34
Q

what is also known as cost analysis; a study that enumerates all the costs but not the outcomes of health care alternatives

A

cost identification study

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