Pharmacodynamics & Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

What is the study of how a drug interacts with living organisms and how this influences physiological function?

Answer 1

Pharmacology

Question 2

What branch of pharmacology studies how a drug exerts its effects on the body?

Answer 2

Pharmacodynamics

Question 4

What are 4 main drug targets?

Answer 4

1. Receptor
2. Enzyme
3. Ion Channel
4. Transport proteins

Question 5

Whatis the drug target of aspirin?

Answer 5

Cyclooxygenase (COX)

Question 6

What is the action of aspirin?

Answer 6

Blocking the production of prostaglandins

Question 7

What is drug target of local anaesthetics?

Answer 7

Sodium Ion Channels

Question 8

What is the action of local anaesthetics?

Answer 8

Blocking sodium ion channels to stop nerve conduction

Question 9

What is the drug target of Prozac?

Answer 9

Serotonin carrier proteins

Question 10

What is the action of Prozac?

Answer 10

Blocking serotonin carrier proteins. to prevent serotonin being removed from the synapse

Question 11

What is the drug target of nicotine?

Answer 11

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

Question 12

What is the action of nicotine?

Answer 12

Activates nicotinic ACh receptor

Question 13

What does endogenously produced chemical mean?

Answer 13

A substance naturally synthesised within the body

Question 14

Which 3 endogenously produced chemicals have similar structures to dopamine?

Answer 14

Noradrenaline, Adrenaline and Serotonin

Question 15

Which disease is Pregolide used to treat for?

Answer 15

Parkinson’s Disease

Question 16

What is the drug target of Pregolide?

Answer 16

Dopamine (D2) receptor

Question 17

What are the 2 main drug interactions with receptors?

Answer 17

1. Agonist
2. Antagonist

Question 18

What is the function of agonists?

Answer 18

Bind to and activate the receptor

Question 19

What is the action of antagonists?

Answer 19

Bind to and block the receptor

Question 20

What is meant by the affinity of a drug?

Answer 20

The strength of the binding between drug and receptor

Question 21

What is meant by the efficacy of a drug?

Answer 21

The capability to produce the desired effect once it’s bound to the receptor

Question 22

What is a partial agonist?

Answer 22

A drug with affinity for the receptor but sub-maximal efficacy

Question 23

What is meant by the potency of a drug?

Answer 23

The concentration or dose of drug required to produce a defined effect

Question 24

What is EC50?

Answer 24

Half maximal effective concentration

Question 25

What is ED50?

Answer 25

Half maximal effective dose

Question 26

Which environment is used to test for drug effectiveness with respect to concentration?

Answer 26

In vitro preparation

Question 27

Which environment is used to test for drug effectiveness with respect to dose?

Answer 27

Clinical trial

Question 28

What type of drug potency is tested in vitro?

Answer 28

Effectiveness of concentration

Question 29

What type of drug potency is tested in a clinical trial?

Answer 29

Effectiveness of dose

Question 30

What is the difference between potency and efficacy?

Answer 30

Potency refers to the dose needed. to produce a response while efficacy is the potential of a drug to produce maximal response

Question 31

What is meant by absorption in pharmacokinetics?

Answer 31

The passage of a drug from the site of administration into the plasma

Question 32

What is meant by bioavailability in pharmacokinetics?

Answer 32

The fraction of the initial dose that gains access to the systemic circulation

Question 33

What is the bioavailability of intra-venous administration?

Answer 33

100%

Question 34

What are 2 ways that drugs can move around the body?

Answer 34

1. Bulk flow transfer (in the bloodstream) 2. Diffusional transfer (molecule by molecule across short distances)

Question 35

Which administration method doesn't require the drug to use diffusional transfer initally?

Answer 35

Intravenous route

Question 36

Why is diffusion across aqueous pores not suitable for most drugs?

Answer 36

Pores are too tiny (<0.5nm) for drugs to travel thorugh

Question 37

What are 2 main ways drugs move across membranes?

Answer 37

1. Simple diffusion 2. Carrier mediated transport

Question 38

Why are most drugs water soluble rather than lipid soluble?

Answer 38

Most drugs administered orally so they need to be dissolved in aqueous environment of GI tract to get absorbed