Pharmacodynamics & Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

Bonding can occur through…

Answer 1

In, hydrogen, or van der waals

Question 2

Acidic drugs bind to…

Answer 2

albumin

Question 3

Alkalotic drugs bind to..

Answer 3

a-1 acid glycoprotein

Question 4

Free drugs can

Answer 4

-cross cell membranes
-determine concentration available to receptor (potency)

Question 5

What decreases plasma proteins

Answer 5

-age
-hepatic disease
-renal failure
-pregnancy

Question 6

If normal free fraction of drug is 2% and 50% of plasma proteins are lost then free fraction of drug is?

Answer 6

4%

Question 7

If poor protein binding and lipophilic will have…

Answer 7

-Big volume of distribution

i.e. thiophental, diazepa,

Question 8

If highly protein bound then…

Answer 8

-low volume of distribution

ex: warfarin

Question 9

Examples of active metabolites

Answer 9

-diazepam
-propranolol
-morphine
-codeine

Question 10

How are drugs MAINLY metabolized?

Answer 10

Hepatic microsomal enzymes

Question 11

Most common CYP 450 enzyme?

Answer 11

CYP3A4

Question 12

Rate of drug metabolism equation

Answer 12

R= Q(C inflow - C outflow)

Q= cardiac output
C= concentration

Question 13

Flow limited clearance

Answer 13

CO limits metabolic rate

Question 14

Capacity limited clearance

Answer 14

liver’s ability to metabolize is limiting factor

Question 15

Elimination 1/2 time

Answer 15

Time necessary to eliminate 50% of drug from plasma after bolus dose

Question 16

Elimination 1/2 life

Answer 16

Time necessary to eliminate 50% of drug from body after bolus dose

Question 17

Context-sensitive half time

Answer 17

Time to a 50% decrease after infusion d/c

increases the longer infusion increases

Question 18

Ionization

Answer 18

When PK and pH are identical

Question 19

Weak acid drugs

Answer 19

barbituates

Question 20

Weak base drugs

Answer 20

local anesthetics and opioids

Question 21

Which ionization form is active and can cross lipid bilayers

Answer 21

non-ionized

Question 22

Weak acids you put PK…

Answer 22

AFTER pH

Question 23

Weak bases you put PK…

Answer 23

BEFORE pH

Question 24

Which number is nonionized

Answer 24

negative

Question 25

Therapeutic index

Answer 25

LD50/ED50