Pharmacodynamics I

Question 1

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 1

How drugs interact with receptors

Question 2

Pharmacokinetics

hint: ADME

Answer 2

The lifetime of a drug and how it interacts with the body:
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 3

Pharmacogenomics/Pharmacogenetics

Answer 3

how genetics affects how a patient responds to a drug

- plays a role in how harmful/beneficial a drug may be for the patient

Question 4

Receptors

Answer 4

What the drug binds to (what the drug targets)

ex. H1 histamine receptor

Question 5

Prodrug

Answer 5

An inactivated form of a drug

- it needs to be changed/metabolized by the body into its active form in order to interact with the target receptor

Question 6

Off Target Effects

Answer 6

When a drug affects another receptor than the one it was intended to affect

• some affect closely related receptors (ex. H1 & H2 receptors)
• some effects are wild/unexpected (ex. H1 receptor v.s K+ ion channels in the heart)

Question 7

Adverse Events

Answer 7

When a drug has harmful/non-desired effects

Question 8

T/F: All adverse events are unexpected.

Answer 8

False! Some can be expected as a ‘side effect’ due to the drug’s mode of action. Others can be unexpected (ex. off-target effects).

Question 9

NNT and NNH stand for _______ and __________, respectively.

Answer 9

Numbers Needed to Treat
Numbers Needed to Harm
- both help quantify how beneficial a drug is

Question 10

Isn’t pharmacology so cool??!

not bias, I promise….

Answer 10

Yes, it’s SUPER COOL. You better have gotten this flashcard right. Keep going, you got this!

Question 11

Agonist

Answer 11

a drug/hormone/something that binds to a receptor and influences its activity

Question 12

T/F: Antagonists are able to bind to receptors and create a biological effect themselves.

Answer 12

False! Antagonists cannot generate bio. effects on their own.

Question 13

What are the properties of a steroid hormone when its receptor is inside the cell?

Answer 13

• receptor is inside cell –> steroid must be membrane permeable; hydrophobic
• if not lipid soluble, requires a transport carrier

Question 14

Mode of action of an intracellular receptor? (steroid hormone receptor)

Answer 14

• binds to a LBD (ligand binding domain)
• this displaces HSP (heat shock protein) OR some other chaperone
  key point: leads to activation of transcription/translation of protein
  Better explanation –> check diagram in lec. notes

Question 15

T/F: Steroid hormones result in slow biological effects but are long lasting.

Answer 15

True!!

Question 16

What are 4 types of receptors that allow for a signal transmission?

Answer 16

1) Intracellular Receptors (we see these with steroid hormones)
2) G-protein coupled receptors
3) Transmembrane receptors (TKRs)
4) Ion Channels (Ligand Gated/ Voltage Gated)

Question 17

What is a heat shock protein?

Answer 17

A heat shock protein is a type of molecular chaperone that covers the DNA binding domain in a intracellular receptor until a steroid binds to the ligand- binding domain.

Question 18

Why are G- proteins called heterotrimeric?

Answer 18

There are three different subunits that make up a G- protein. The alpha, beta, and gamma subunits.

Question 19

What are the 3 different types of G alpha sub units? What are they and what do they activate/inhibit?

Answer 19

Gs (activated adenylate cyclase) (AC)
Gi (inhibits adenylate cyclase) (AC)
Gq (activates phospholipase C (PLC)

Question 20

Explain the signal transduction for how Adenylate Cyclase (AC) is activated and inhibited.