Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

What are 4 sources of drugs?

Answer 1

plant, animals, mineral and chemical substances

Question 2

What did the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938, 1952 and 1962 establish?

Answer 2

Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906

Purity, standards and labeling

Question 3

What did the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 establish?

Answer 3

Harrison Narcotics Act, 1914

Schedule of controlled substances

Question 4

What did the Durham-Humphrey Amendments of 1928, 1951 establish?

Answer 4

Establish process of ordering and prescribing drugs

Question 5

What did Kefauver- Harris Amendment of 1962 establish?

Answer 5

Proof of effectiveness

Question 6

What is the responsibility of the FDA?

Answer 6

safety standards- production drugs, food, cosmetics

Regulates medical devices

Question 7

What is the responsibility of DEA?

Answer 7

controlled substance laws

Question 8

What is the responsibility of the FTC?

Answer 8

Protects consumes, truth-in-advertising laws

Question 9

What are the 5 steps of safe and effective administration?

Answer 9

Drug- profile
Patient- history, current drugs
Pathology- assess pt- what is wrong?
Protocols- authorized to give without call
Technique- IM, IV, fast/slow push, repeat

Question 10

What are the 6 rights?

Answer 10

Right patient, drug, dose, route, time, documentation

Question 11

What are examples of enteral routes?

Answer 11

Oral, buccal, sublingual, rectal

Question 12

What does parenteral route avoid? What are the benefits of this?

Answer 12

First pass effect. Avoiding the first pass effect leads to rapid and complete absorption with smaller doses

Question 13

What are the four stages of pharmocokinetics?

Answer 13

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 14

What are the three main factors affecting absorption?

Answer 14

Route of administration
pH and soluability
Form- solid, liquid, gas

Question 15

What are the three locations of excretion?

Answer 15

Kidneys- urine
Liver- stool
Lungs- exhaled

Question 16

What is TD50 and LD50?

Answer 16

Toxid dose in 50% of patients

Lethal dose in 50% of patients

Question 17

What are the factors altering drug responses?

Answer 17

Age of patient
General health- weight, renal/hepatic function, metabolic rate
Administration- dose and route

Question 18

What are the five main factors affecting distribution?

Answer 18

blood flow to target tissues
amount bound to plasma proteins
how quickly/efficiently cross cell membranes
disease states- kidney, liver, respiratory
blood brain barrier or other physiologic barriers