Pharmacodynamics Flashcards
What are the types of non-receptor mechanisms of action?
- Physicochemical mechanisms
- Interaction of the drug with small ions/molecules (chelation)
- Incorporation of the drug into macromolecules
- Enzyme inhibitors
What are the types of physicochemical mechanisms of action?
- Osmotic diuretics (e.g. urea, mannitol)
- Osmotic cathartics (e.g. lactulose)
- Neutralizing agents (e.g. antacids)
- Detergent effects (e.g. disinfectants, oxidizing agents)
- Decreased excitability of membranes (e.g. local anesthetics)
What are examples of osmotic diuretics?
- Mannitol
- Urea
What kind of drug is mannitol?
Osmotic diuretic
What kind of drug is urea?
Osmotic diuretic
What is an example of an osmotic cathartic?
Lactulose
What kind of drug is lactulose?
Osmotic cathartic
What are examples of neutralizing drugs?
Antacids
What kind of drugs are antacids?
Neutralizing agents
What are examples of detergent-effect drugs?
- Oxidizing agents
- Disinfectants
What kind of drugs are oxidizing agents?
Detergent-effect drugs
What kind of drugs are disinfectants?
Detergent-effect drugs
What are examples of drugs that decrease membrane excitability?
Local anesthetics
What kind of drugs are local anesthetics?
Drugs that decrease membrane excitability
What are examples of drugs that interact with small ions/molecules?
- EDTA
- Penicillamine
- Dimercaprol (PAL)
What molecule/ion does EDTA chelate?
Pb2+
What molecule/ion does penicillamine chelate?
Cu2+
What molecules/ions does dimercaprol (PAL) chelate?
- Arsenic
- Mercury
- Gold
- Bismuth
What are examples of drugs that are incorporated into macromolecules?
Antimetabolites:
- 5-bromouracil
- 5-fluorouracil
- Ethionine
What is the mechanism of action of 5-bromouracil?
Resembles thymine (T) and replaces it in chromosomal replication, leading to chromosomal breakage
What is the mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil?
Resembles uracil (U) and replaces it in RNA synthesis, leading to faulty mRNA
What is the mechanism of action of of ethionine?
Resembles methionine (Met) and replaces it in protein synthesis, leading to a faulty protein
What are examples of enzyme inhibitor drugs?
- COX inhibitors (e.g. NSAIDs)
- Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors (e.g. neostigmine)
- Decarboxylase inhibitors (e.g. carbidopa)
- Bacterial dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor (trimethoprim)
What kind of drugs are NSAIDs?
COX inhibitors
What kind of drug is neostigmine?
Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor
What kind of drug is carbidopa?
Decarboxylase inhibitor
What kind of drug is trimethoprim?
Bacterial dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
