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Pharmacology > Pharmacodynamics > Flashcards

Pharmacodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

What is drug ?

A

A chemical substance that alters(change) body function to produce a useful biological effect

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2
Q

كتاب فيه كل المعلومات المهمه عن الأدوية التي تستخدم في بلد معين

A

Pharmacopeia

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3
Q

Essential drugs should be

A

Approved by WHO
Safe
Effective
Low cost

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4
Q

Orphan drugs are

A

Used for rare or endemic(مثل hepatitis C in Egypt) diseases in poor countries

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5
Q

E.g for non-proprietary(scientific) names

A

Cola,
paracetamol🇩🇪(acetaminophen🇺🇲)

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6
Q

Drugs dispend without dispensed without prescription

A

Over-the-counter drugs

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7
Q

Pharmacodynamic include

A

Mechanism of action
Indication دواعي الاستخدام
Contraindications موانع الاستخدام
Adverse effects ليست side effects
Precautions الاحتياطات
Drug interaction التفاعل الدوائي

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8
Q

Route of administration(e.g____)—->blood circulation—> ________ —–> elimination

A

Oral,intravinal
Distribution
Elimination

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9
Q

Name mechanism or mode of action oc drug

A

Receptor mediate
Non “ “

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10
Q

A specific cellular macromolecules

A

Receptors

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11
Q

Types of ligand

A

Full agonist
Partial agonist (agonist / antagonist)
Inverse agonist
Antagonist

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12
Q

A ligand that produce affinity and efficacy

A

Full agonist
Inverse agonist

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13
Q

A ligand contain affinity but less efficacy

A

Partial agonist

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14
Q

Contain affinity but no efficacy

A

Antagonist

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15
Q

Pharmacological action of full agonist

A

Has an action

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16
Q

E.x for full agonist

A

Ach –>+ nicotinic receptor —>skeletal muscle contraction

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17
Q

Pharmacological action of partial agonist

A

In absence of agonist it activate receptor
In presence of of agonist it acts as antagonist

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18
Q

E.g of agonist/antagonist

A

Bupre-nor-phine is an partial agonist for opioid الافيون receptor

In absence of morphine it exhibit analgesic effect (agonist) but low.
In presence of morphine it prevent it from binding to opioid receptor ( antagonist)

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19
Q

What is Inverse agonist? And name example

A

Produse a response opposite to the pharmacological effect of the agonist

Anti histamine

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20
Q

معظم الأدوية عندنا

A

Antagonist

21
Q

E.g for antagonist

A

Curare prevent depolarization(action) of Ach on nicotic receptor—> muscle relaxation

22
Q

Stabilize receptor away from the constitutional conformation

A

Inverse agonist

23
Q

Types of antagonist that are non receptor

A

Chemical antagonist
Physiological(functional) antagonist

24
Q

Receptor antagonist

A

Competitive
Non Competitive

25
Q

Name coagulation drugs

A

Heparin
واف رين

26
Q

E.g for chemical antagonist

A

-ve charge on heparin(acid) neutralized by +ve charge of protamine (basic)
No reduce coagulation by heparin

Hyperacidity in stomach due to high conc. Of HCI neutralize by NaHCo3 صوديوم باي كربونات

27
Q

Protamine is an

A

Antidote تريق for heparin toxicity

28
Q

What is Physiological antagonist?

A

One drug antagonize the effect of another by acting on a different receptor producing opposite effect

بالنسبة لي الكلام مفهوم يا محمد

29
Q

E.g for Physiological antagonist

A

Pincelin –> production of histamine—>bind to H1 receptor–>VD–> Low BP–>anafilactic shock

For treatment

Epinephrine—> bronchodilation and VC , antagonize histamine effect (VD and bronchospasm)

30
Q

When we say that a drug is a competitive or non competitive

A

Act on same receptor

31
Q

What is competitive antagonist?

A

Bind to the same recognition site of agonist by weak bond (reversible)

32
Q

What is non competitive antagonist ?

A

Bind to the recognition or allosteric(another) site by covalent stronge bond

33
Q

Duration of competitive antagonist depend of

A

Conc. Of agonist and antagonist الأكثر يكسب

34
Q

E.g for competitive antagonist

A

Ach and curare on nicotinic receptor
Dr: رح ناخذه في locomotor

35
Q

E.g for non competitive

A

Phenoxybenzamine (alpha blocker) and norepinephrine(NE) on alpha receptor

36
Q

In non competitive, duration of antagonist depend of

A

Rate of turnover

37
Q

Parallel shift to the right in log dose responce curve found in

A

Competitive antagonist

38
Q

Non competitive antagonist curve is

A

Downward shift in log dose response curve

39
Q

The most important singalong transduction system are

A

Ion channel

Receptor linked to tyrosine kinase RTKs

G protein-coupled receptors
في الملزمة G protein linked receptor

Receptor regulating transcription

Nitric oxide (NO) Receptor

40
Q

The fastest transmission or neurotransmitters حسب تعبير الكتاب

A

Ion channel

41
Q

What is ion channel?

A

Receptors are ion selective channels in plasma membrane

42
Q

Mechanism of ion channel

A

Binding of agonist to the receptor> opening of the channel > change in membrane potential or intracellular ion concentration> action or change in cell activity

42
Q

E.g for ion channel

A

N receptors (Na+/K+channels) يدخل أو يخرج فيعمل stimulation

GABA receptors (CL- channels)
يدخل فيعمل inhibition

43
Q

What is tyrosine kinase ?

A

Extracellular part binds with drug(بالكتاب agonist ) e.g insulin •

Intracellular part (effector) is an enzyme tyrosine kinase → autophosphorylation > action

44
Q

What is g protein linked receptor?

A

Ligand binds to G-protein > regulate the activity of several effectors e.g. AC & PLC enzymes or channels > action

45
Q

E.g for G protein

A

G stimulaory
G inhibitory
Gq

46
Q

G stimulatory protein are linked to following receptor

A

Beta 1
Beta 2
D 1

47
Q

G inhibitory are linked to the following proteins

A

Alpha 2
M2
D2

48
Q

Gq protein is linked to the following receptor

A

Alpha 1
M 1
M 3luuku6⁷

Pharmacology (2 decks)

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