Pharmaco Flashcards
In BNF what does rectangle made up of black and white triangles mean? 📶(like that but filled in triangles )
It denotes a preparation that is less suitable to prescribe
In BNF what does black triangle pointing down mean? 🔽
Means newly liscenced medication
How do you convert dose of Oral codeine and Tramadol to oral morphine?
What dose of MST is needed to replace:
100 mg of tramadol QDS and 5 mg of oramorph 6 hourly??
divide dose by 10
so in example, 400mg tramadol=40mg morphine
MST should be twice a day so = 30mg BD
C diff drug causes
C rule… Clindamycin, Ciprofloxacin, coamoxiclav
Mechanism of propylthiouracil
Inhibits thyroperoxidase
Oxidises iodide to iodine (which then can be added to tyrosine residues onto precursor thyroglobulin
Mnemonic for enzyme inducers
Carbamazepine Rifampacin Alcohol Phenytoin Griseofulvin (old fashioned anti fungal) Phenylbarbatone (old anti epileptic) Sulphonylureas and St. John's Wort
Mnemonic for enzyme inhibitors
Sodium valproate Isoniazid Cimetidine (H2 R blocker) Ketoconazole fluconazole and Fluclox Amiodarone and Alcohol (acute consumption) Erythro and clarithro Sulphonamide Ciproflox and clarithro Omeprazole Metronidazole
And grapefruit
Maintenance fluids
25-30ml/kg/day
Breast feeding drug contraindications…
Ciproflox, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulphonamide, Lithium, benzo, Aspirin Carbimazole Sulphonylureas Amiodarone
…warfarin is ok!!
Drugs to be avoided in HF
NSAIDs because they cause fluid retention (and glucocorticoid)
Pioglitazone also does
Verapamil: negative inotrope
SE of CCB
Headache and ankle swelling
And can cause diarrhoea dry mouth
Abx that worsens seizure control in epileptics
Ciproflox and levofloxacin (and obviously alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines) Bupropion (smoking cessation / antidep) Aminophylline, theophylline Mefenamic acid
Three Drug cautions in asthmatics
NSAIDs
Beta blockers
Adenosine
What is bumetanide?
Loop diuretic
What drugs can reduce hypoglycaemic awareness?
Beta blockers!
Dose of cyclizine
50mg TDS
Dose of lansoprazole
15-30mg od
Dose of ibuprofen
200-400mg TDS
Dose of codeine
30-60mg QDS
Three drugs used in caution if ischaemic heart disease
NSAIDs
Oestrogens (COCP, HRT)
Varenicline (nicotine R partial agonist)
Name four drugs containing penicillin that don’t have “cillin” in name
Tazocin (Pipercillin and tazobactam)
Timentin (ticarcillin and clavulanic acid)
Co- amoxiclav (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid)
……Aka augmentin
Co-fluampicil (Fluclox and ampicillin)
……Aka magnapen
Common drug triggers of psoriasis
Lithium and beta blockers
And also NSAIDs, ACEi, antimalarials, alcohol
What drug is contraindicated with verapamil…
Beta blockers
as can cause heart block or dangerous Brady
(Diltiazem is less negatively inotropic but still caution with beta b)
Drugs that lower seizure control
Ciproflox and levofloxacin Bupropion (smoking cessation / antidep) Aminophylline, theophylline Mefenamic acid Methylphenidate (ADHD) (and obviously alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines)
Epileptic drugs that ARE SAFE in breast feeding
Sodium valproate and carbamazepine
Antibiotics that ARE safe and ARENT safe in breast feeding
The ones for the win are Penicillin and trimethoprim cephalosporin
Don’t go Cipro’, tetro(cycline), chloramphenico’ and sulpho’
Normal dose of clopi
75-300 od
Normal dose of furosemide
20 od - 80mg bd
Much higher in renal patients
Normal metformin dose
500mg od - 1g bd
Daily rate of cardiovascular drugs
Basically all once daily
Except Furosemide can be up to 80mg bd (or much higher in renal)
Drug causes of SIADH
Sulfonylureas eg gliclazide SSRIs, tricyclics Carbamazepine Vincristine Cyclophosphamide
What indications are there for combo use of anticoagulant and anti platelet?? (Warfarin and clopi)
Three situations:
ACS in last year
Bare metal stent
Having a heart valve replacement
Drug causes of photosensitive rash
Thiazides
Mx of lead poisoning
Calcium disodium edetate 50mg/kg IV
Other than ensuring adequate hydration, how can you reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy?
Sodium chloride drip and acetylcysteine
What needs to be prescribed by brand
Ciclosporin
Carbamazepine
Theophylline
