Pharmacists Registration Act Flashcards

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1
Q

Who constitutes the Singapore Pharmacy Council (SPC)?

A
  • 9 registered pharmacists appointed by Minister of Health
  • 2 ex-officials & are registered pharmacists:
    1) Chief Pharmacist
    2) Head of Department of Pharmacy, NUS or designate
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2
Q

How long is each term of office for members in SPC?

A

3 years & members shall be eligible for reappointment.

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3
Q

Which two positions in the SPC are part of the council in lieu of their designations?

A

1) Chief Pharmacist

2) Head of Dept of NUS Pharmacy

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4
Q

TML is the Head of the Department of Pharmacy & is currently a member of the SPC. However, KT will be taking over the appointment as the Head of Department in the upcoming year. Will TML be considered as a member of SPC next year?

A

No. Ex-official appointments are dependent on the job appointment by MOH & NUS respectively. Thus, as TML steps down as Head of Dept of NUS Pharmacy, her SPC membership will be revoked starting next year when KT becomes the Head.

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5
Q

What are the disqualifications to hold office in SPC?

A
  • NOT a Singaporean citizen or PR
  • An undischarged bankrupt
  • Hx of conviction for fraud, dishonesty or moral character
  • Total or partially incapacitated by a mental or physical disability
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6
Q

How is the President of the SPC appointed?

A
  • Appointed by Minister of Health from council members
  • Duration of term specified by Minister of Health & is eligible for reappointment (likely 3-year term but subjected to changes)
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7
Q

What is the role of the president in SPC?

A

Preside at any meetings of SPC.

In his/her temporary absence, members present shall elect one council member to preside over the meeting for the day.

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8
Q

What is the minimum number of SPC members to form a quorum?

A

5 SPC members

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9
Q

How many votes does each SPC member have?

A

President or presiding council member = 1 original vote + 1 casting vote when a tiebreaker is needed
Council members = 1 original vote each

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10
Q

Minutes of any proceedings by SPC need not be kept always. True or false?

A

False

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11
Q

What are the functions of SPC?

A

1) Registration administration of pharmacists, including registration & practising certificates
2) Prescribing & implementing measures, guidelines & standards for registration as pharmacists
3) Local pharmacy degree recommendations
4) Recommendations for registered pharmacists continued training & education
5) Regulation of conduct & ethics of registered pharmacists

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12
Q

What are the three registers maintained by the Registrar of SPC (i.e. Chief Pharmacist)?

A

1) Registers of Pharmacists
- Part I: Fully registered pharmacists
- Part II: Conditionally registered pharmacists (primarily for foreign pharmacists to practise in SG)
2) Registers of Specialists
3) Register of Temporarily Registered Pharmacists (usually for temporary residents in SG for purposes of teaching, research or postgraduate studies in SPC-approved institutions)

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13
Q

What are the seven specialities (as of 2020) that can be registered under the Register of Specialists?

A

Cardiology, critical care, geriatrics, infectious diseases, oncology, paediatrics & psychiatry

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14
Q

Under what conditions will a local registrant be eligible for registration as a fully registered pharmacist?

A

1) Singapore degree (i.e BoS (Pharmacy) or Bachelor of Pharmacy)
2) >= 12 months of practical experience @ SPC-approved training site, w/ => 9 months under supervision of a fully registered pharmacist
3) Good reputation & character
4) Physically & mentally fit to practise

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15
Q

Under what conditions will a registrant be eligible for registration as a conditionally registered pharmacist?

A

1) Prescribed pharmacy qualification in accepted list of universities in PCQR
- 61 recognised universities caa 1 Aug 2020 from Malaysia, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, UK, Canada & USA
- need to be registered as pharmacists in country of study & hold valid practising certificate in that country caa 1 Jun 2018
2) >= 12 months of practical experience @ SPC-approved training site, w/ => 3 months under supervision of a fully registered pharmacist in SG
3) Pass prescribed exams of Pharm Law, competency exam & English proficiency exam (if from Malaysia & Ireland)
4) Selected from employment as a pharmacist in an SPC-approved training site
5) Good reputation & character
- including certificate of good standing from registration body in country of study, stating date of issue
6) Physically & mentally fit to practise

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16
Q

If a pharmacy graduate from Malaysia will like to be a conditionally registered pharmacist in SG, which prescribed exams must he/she take?

A

1) English proficiency test
2) Pharmacy law (no more than 3 attempts total)
3) Competency exam on the practice of pharmacy (no more than 3 attempts total)

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17
Q

What are the conditions to practise for conditionally registered pharmacists?

A

1) ONLY at SPC-approved training centres for full duration of conditional registration (1-2 years)
2) Subjected to supervisory framework by fully registered pharmacist w/ min. 3 years of working experience (can be remote supervision)
- Supervisors need to report q 6 months about performance of conditionally registered pharmacists
3) Conditionally registered pharmacists may be pharmacists in charge of a community pharmacy.

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18
Q

Under what conditions will a registrant be eligible for registration as a temporarily registered pharmacist?

A

1) Temporary resident in Singapore doing exclusively teaching, research or postgraduate studies in SPC-approved institutions
2) Possess pharmacy knowledge, experience & skills of international standing or special value to Singaporeans
3) Possess other qualifications but not entitled to be registered under PRA
4) Pass prescribed exams by SPC

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19
Q

If the research requires temporarily registered pharmacists to be in contact with patients & interact with them as healthcare professionals, it is considered permissible by law. True or false?

A

False!

Need to be a fully registered pharmacist to legally interact with patients!

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20
Q

How long is the validity of the registration of a temporarily registered pharmacist?

A

Not exceeding 2 years, which may be renewed for (a) further period(s) no longer than 12 months at discretion of SPC

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21
Q

Which particulars of registered pharmacists are kept in the Registers?

A

Name, residential & practice address
Date of registration
Qualification for registration & date of qualification

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22
Q

What are the roles of the Registrar?

A

Responsible for the maintenance & custody of the registers

Publish on SPC website list of registered pharmacists that have in force practising certificates

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23
Q

If a registered pharmacist recently moved house, how long is he/she given to inform the Registrar of the change in his/her residential address?

A

Within 28 days of the change

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24
Q

Certificates of registration are synonymous with practising certificates. True or false?

A

False!
Upon successful registration as pharmacists, he/she will be issued a certificate of registration.
The practising certificate is required to practice pharmacy in both outpatient & inpatient settings in SG.

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25
Q

Under what conditions can SPC refuse to register an applicant as a pharmacist?

A

1) Has his/her registration withdrawn, suspended or cancelled in any other country
2) Of opinion that he/she is not eligible to register as a pharmacist
3) Not of good reputation & character
4) Unfit to practise due to physical or mental condition

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26
Q

How long is an issued practising certificate (PC) valid for?

A

Period not exceeding 2 years from date of issue

- i.e. 1 Jan of first year to 31 Dec of second year

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27
Q

Under what conditions will a renewed PC be issued to a pharmacist?

A

Issued upon fulfilling CPE points requirements & on payment of prescribed fees

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28
Q

If a pharmacist has had his/her registration cancelled or suspended, how many days is he/she given to surrender his/her PC to SPC?

A

Within 14 days of notification by SPC of such cancellation / suspension.

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29
Q

Briefly describe what CPE is.

A

Continuing Professional Education:

  • Planned & structured learning programme provided by an internal (own organisation) or external agent (e.g. PSS)
  • Designed to promote continual development of knowledge, skills & attitudes of a practitioner beyond entry-level professional qualifications or formal degree.
  • E.g. include seminars, conferences, short courses & postgraduate courses
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30
Q

What is the rationale of CPE for pharmacists?

A

To achieve professional self-improvement, so as to protect the public being harmed by professional incompetence.

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31
Q

Briefly explain the CPE requirements for the renewal of PC.

A

Active PC renewal: 50 CPE pts in 2 years preceding renewal

  • > = 30% (15 pts) must be from pharmaceutical care programmes
  • [Specialists ONLY] >= 30% (15 pts) must be from speciality branch
  • Both do NOT stack; either/or where applicable!

Inactive PC renewal: 20 CPE pts in 2 years preceding

1 CPE pt = duration of CPE activity of > 1 h but < 2 h

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32
Q

When is the qualifying period to clock sufficient CPE points for the renewal of PC?

A

If validity of PC = 1 Jan 2021 - 31 Dec 2022,
Qualifying period for PC renewal = 1 Sep 2020 - 31 Aug 2022

QC = PC validity period - 4 months

  • 4 months is the administrative time prior to renewal of PC validity
  • by law, must renew 1 month before expiry date of PC validity
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33
Q

How many CPE points are required for the renewal of PC, if a pharmacist is registered on 1 Jun 2021, instead of the usual 1 Jan 2021?

A

Qualifying period = 1 Sep 2020 - 31 Aug 2022

Pro-rated required CPE pts
= no. of qualifying months / 24 x 50 CPE pts
= (7+8) / 24 x 50 = 32 CPE pts
w/ a minimum of 2 CPE points.

34
Q

How many CPE points are required for the renewal of PC, if a pharmacist was removed from the register previously?

A

25 CPE pts & =>30% must be from pharmaceutical care programmes in the 12 month period immediately preceding date of application

35
Q

How many categories should the CPE points come from?

A

At least 2 categories
- Each category has a cap in the number of CPE points earned, thus leading to the need to obtain from at least 2 categories.

36
Q

Under what conditions will a registered pharmacist be removed from the appropriate registers?

A
  • Ordered to be removed under provision of PRA
  • Deceased
  • Did not renew PC for a continuous period of at least 5 years
  • Obtained registration via fraudulent / incorrect statements or via errors
  • Registration withdrawn / suspended / cancelled by authority in country where he / she is registered
37
Q

KT is a fully registered pharmacist who did not renew his PC for 6 years. If he will like to renew, under what conditions will KT’s name be restored under the appropriate registers?

A
  • Pass (>= 60%) competency & Pharm Law exams
  • Fulfilled CPE requirements of at least 25 CPE pts, w/ at least 30% from pharmaceutical care programmes in the 12 month period immediately preceding date of application
  • Support of certificate of good standing issued by a professional body in country last practiced, if applicable
  • Certified to be fit for practice by medical practitioner, if applicable
38
Q

Who constitutes the Pharmacy Specialists Accreditation Board (PSAB)?

A

At least 6 registered pharmacists appointed by Minister of Health

39
Q

How long is each term of office for members in PSAB?

A

3 years & members shall be eligible for reappointment.

40
Q

How many committees does PSAB appoint to assist in its functions?

A

7 accreditation committees:

Cardiology, critical care, geriatrics, infectious diseases, oncology, paediatrics & psychiatry

41
Q

What is the role of the Chairman in PSAB?

A

Preside at any meetings of PSAB.

In his/her temporary absence, members present shall elect one board member to preside over the meeting for the day.

42
Q

What is the minimum number of PSAB members to form a quorum?

A

3 PSAB members

43
Q

How many votes does each PSAB member have?

A

Chairman or presiding board member = 1 original vote + 1 casting vote when a tiebreaker is needed
Board members = 1 original vote each

44
Q

What are the functions of PSAB?

A

1) Determine qualifications, experience & other conditions for specialists registration
2) Define specialities in the practice of pharmacy
3) Accredit training programmes to be recognised to qualify for specialists registration
4) Certify persons having qualifications of specialist registration
5) Recommend to SPC programmes for CPE of specialist pharmacists
6) Advise SPC on matters related to specialists registration

45
Q

How is the Chairman of the PSAB appointed?

A
  • Appointed by Minister of Health from board members
  • Duration of term specified by Minister of Health & is eligible for reappointment (likely 3-year term but subjected to changes)
46
Q

Under what conditions will a registrant be eligible for registration as a specialist pharmacist?

A

Prerequisites:

1) Fully registered pharmacist
2) Have a valid PC
3) Currently practising in Singapore

Conditions for Specialist Registration:

1) Relevant postgraduate qualification recognised by PSAB (e.g. PharmD in NUS)
2) A valid speciality certification (in existing 7 specialists) recognised by PSAB
3) Completed 1-year full-time residency training in broad-based pharmacotherapy
4) Completed 1-year full-time residency in speciality applied for & recognised by PSAB
5) Accumulated 1 year of speciality practice experience in speciality applied for (after residency training) in the 3 years preceding application

47
Q

Describe the process of specialist pharmacist registration.

A

1) Pharmacist submits application form w/ all required documents to PSAB, then SPC.
2) PSAB issues a certificate of eligibility for specialist registration (i.e. specialist accreditation)
3) SPC subsequently registers applicant in Register of Specialists (if successful) & issues a specialist certificate of registration in that branch of pharmacy (i.e. specialist registration) & practising certificate (PC)

48
Q

Name an example of a valid speciality certification that is recognised by PSAB.

A

1) Board certification in _____ Pharmacy (BC__P) from the Board of Pharmacy Specialities, USA, or
- applies to all 7 specialities in SG
2) Pharmacotherapy with Added Qualifications in _____ from the Board of Pharmacy Specialities, USA
- applicable to Cardiology & Infectious Diseases only

49
Q

Does a locum pharmacist need a practising certificate to practise?

A

Yes

50
Q

Can a pharmacist who is holding an inactive PC take on a locum pharmacist job?

A

No

51
Q

What are the grounds on which an individual can submit their complaints about a pharmacist to SPC?

A

1) Conduct of pharmacist in person’s professional capacity (i.e professional misconduct)
2) Improper act or conduct that brings disrepute to the profession
3) Conviction of offence under PRA or drug-related legislation
4) Conviction of fraud or dishonesty or imply a defect in character
5) Involving physical or mental fitness to practise

52
Q

How does an individual lodge a complaint against a pharmacist to SPC?

A

1) Any complaints must be made in writing & supported with a statutory declaration.
- i.e. individual must file the complaint before a commissioner of oath that he/she has written is true & will stand by it
- commissioner of oath will place a rubber stamp chop on a statutory declaration form to declare
2) OR complaints can be initiated by SPC as a follow-up from a court conviction

However, the statutory declaration is NOT needed for a public officer or officer of SPC.

53
Q

Describe the composition & terms of office of the Complaints Panel.

A

1) At least 5 SPC members
- One of which is appointed by Minister of Health as Chairman
- Term of office according to their SPC term of 3 years
- Eligible of reappointment

2) 10-40 senior registered pharmacists
- At least 10 years’ standing & are NOT SPC members
- Serve a 2-year term & eligible for re-appointment

3) 6-40 lay persons
- Are NOT pharmacists & appointed by Minister
- Serve a 2-year term & eligible for re-appointment

54
Q

What is the role of the Chairman in the Complaints Panel?

A

1) Any complaints relating to professional misconduct, improper act or conduct that brings disrepute to the profession are referred to him
2) Appoints from among members of Complaints Panel to form either the Complaints Committee or Disciplinary Committee
3) Directs complaints to either Complaints Committee or Health Committee, depending on grounds of complaint

55
Q

Who forms the Complaints Committee?

A

Appointed by Chairman of Complaints Panel:

  • 1x Chairman, who is also an SPC member
  • 2x registered pharmacists, w/ at least one being a non-SPC member
  • 1x lay person
56
Q

Three SPC members & a lay person can be appointed by the Chairman of the Complaints Panel to form a Complaints Committee. True or false?

A

False!
A maximum of two SPC members is allowed to be a part of the Complaints Committee.

Permissible composition:

  • 1x Chairman, who is also an SPC member
  • 2x registered pharmacists, w/ at least one being a non-SPC member
  • 1x lay person
57
Q

What is the role of the Complaints Committee (CC)?

A

1) Looks into complaints brought against registered pharmacists
2) Determines if any sanctions or orders is needed against the pharmacist, or if needs to be referred to Disciplinary Committee or Health Committee

58
Q

What is the minimum number of CC members to form a quorum?

A

ALL members must be present to form a quorum for a CC meeting!
- Decision or resolution is in writing & signed by all members of committee

59
Q

How many votes does each CC member have?

A

Chairman = 1 original vote + 1 casting vote when a tiebreaker is needed
Committee members = 1 original vote each

60
Q

The CC may not at any time before making its finding, seek legal advice where it thinks it is necessary. True or false?

A

False.

CC MAY at any time before making its finding, seek legal advice where it thinks it is necessary.

61
Q

Describe the inquiry process of the CC.

A

1) Inquiry to be completed within 3 months
- Should extension of time be required, CC may apply to Chairman of Complaints Panel in writing
2) May call upon or appoint any person it considers necessary to assist in investigation or deliberation
3) May require production of document or record related to subject-matter
4) May require registered pharmacist to give all information related to any such book, document or record
5) May call on registered pharmacist to answer (in writing) any allegations made against him within 21 days, while serving copies of complaint & statutory declaration made in support of the complaint

62
Q

The registered pharmacist that was complained about always has the right to be heard by CC in person. True or false?

A

False!

Registered pharmacist does NOT have the right to be heard in person, unless allowed by CC at its discretion.

63
Q

How long does the registered pharmacist that was complained about have, when invited by CC, to answer any allegations made against him in writing?

A

Within 21 days of receiving notice

64
Q

Describe what happens after the CC has completed its inquiry.

A

1) If CC is of the view that formal inquiry is NOT required, it can order:
- Pharmacist be issued with letter of advice,
- Pharmacist be warned
- Complaint or matter be dismissed or
- Other such other as it thinks fit

2) Otherwise, (i.e. formal inquiry is necessary) refer to either Disciplinary Committee or Health Committee
3) Regardless of outcomes, CC MUST report its findings or orders made to SPC.

65
Q

If the pharmacist complained against will like to appeal against the decision of the CC, how long does he/she have to appeal to the Minister of Health?

A

Within 30 days from being notified of CC’s decision.

Decision by Minister of Health is final therafter.

66
Q

If the complainant is unhappy with the outcome decided by CC & will like to appeal, how long does he/she have to appeal to the Minister of Health?

A

Within 30 days from being notified of CC’s decision.

Decision by Minister of Health is final thereafter.

67
Q

Three SPC members (all have at least 10 years’ standing) & a lay person can be appointed by the Chairman of the Complaints Panel to form a Disciplinary Committee. True or false?

A

True

  • At least 3x senior pharmacists of at least 10 years’ standing, w/ at least two being SPC members
  • 1x lay person w/ no voting rights
  • Among the registered pharmacists, one is appointed as Chairman by SPC
68
Q

Who forms the Disciplinary Committee?

A

Appointed by Chairman of Complaints Panel:

  • At least 3x senior pharmacists of at least 10 years’ standing, w/ at least two being SPC members
  • 1x lay person w/ no voting rights & need not be present at every meeting
  • Among the registered pharmacists, one is appointed as Chairman by SPC
69
Q

What is the role of the Disciplinary Committee (DC)?

A

Conduct formal inquiry into complaint against pharmacist in question.

70
Q

Describe how the proceedings of the formal inquiry by the DC are conducted.

A

1) Involves detailed representations by both SPC & pharmacist
- Registered pharmacist may appear in person or be represented by counsel.
- DC members assume the seats of judges, assisted by a legal accessor (e.g. senior solicitor or lawyer) to guide them in the inquiry proceedings
2) Any person giving evidence before a DC is legally bound to tell the truth
- i.e assume quasi court proceedings conducted in a large meeting room
3) DC must make its findings & order within 6 months from its date of appointment
- May apply to SPC for extension if needed.

71
Q

What are the powers granted by law to the Disciplinary Committee, if the registered pharmacist in question is convicted?

A
  • Removal of name from appropriate register
  • Suspension from appropriate register for min. 3 months to max 3 years
  • Restrict practice for period not exceeding 3 years
  • Impose penalty not exceeding SGD $50k
  • Issue a censure, warning or advice in writing to pharmacist
  • Require undertaking of pharmacist to abstain from complained conduct, or
  • Any such order DC considers as appropriate

DC may also order pharmacist to pay costs incidental to inquiry before DC, including costs of assessor & solicitor appointed by SPC, only if found guilty.

72
Q

Under what conditions will DC refer the complaint case at hand to Health Committee (HC)?

A
  • If during the inquiry, DC finds that the matter touches on pharmacist’s physical & mental condition, DC can refer matter to HC.
  • If HC is of the opinion that the fitness-to-practice of pharmacist is an issue, HC will proceed to handle the case & DC ceases to function in relation to the case.
73
Q

If any person aggrieved by a decision of the DC & will like to appeal, what can he/she do?

A

Can appeal to High Court (NOT Minister of Health) within 30 days after receiving notice of order.
High Court’s decision is final.

74
Q

Who forms the Health Committee?

A

At least 3 SPC members appointed by SPC & eligible for reappointment after serving a 2-year term

75
Q

What is the role of the Health Committee (HC)?

A

Look into inquiries relating to physical & mental fitness of pharmacist to practise
- Receives inquiry cases from Complaints Panel, CC or DC

76
Q

What are the powers granted by law to the Health Committee, if the registered pharmacist in question is found impaired due to physical or mental condition?

A
  • Order pharmacist to pay costs & expenses incidental to inquiry
  • Suspension from appropriate register for not exceeding 12 months
  • Order conditional registration for not more than 3 years upon compliance with certain terms (i.e. restricted registration)
  • Removal of name from appropriate register
77
Q

If any person aggrieved by a decision of the HC & will like to appeal, what can he/she do?

A

Can appeal to Minister of Health (NOT High Court) within 30 days after receiving notice of order.
Minister of Health’s decision is final.

Any order or variation of conditions imposed for restricted registration made by HC shall take effect from date of order is made, unless Minister of Health decides otherwise.

78
Q

Who forms the Interim Orders Committee?

A

3 SPC members appointed by Council in connection with one or more matters (i.e. formed when needed) or for a fixed period of time (i.e. fixed term)
- Members MUST be wholly independent from Complaints Panel, CC, DC & HC!

79
Q

What is the role of the Interim Orders Committee (IOC)?

A

1) Determine if pharmacist in question needs to be suspended to protect public or in public interest.
2) Receives referral of complaints on recommendations of Chairman of (one of the following):
- Complaints Panel
- Complaints Committee
- Disciplinary Committee
- Health Committee

80
Q

The registered pharmacist in question always has the right to be heard by IOC in person or be represented by counsel. True or false?

A

True.
No order shall be made by IOC unless he/she has been afforded an opportunity to appear before IOC & being heard on the question.

81
Q

What are the powers granted by law to the Interim Orders Committee, if the registered pharmacist in question needs to be suspended to protect public health?

A

Decision determined by a majority of votes:

  • Suspension from appropriate register not exceeding 18 months
  • Conditional registration not exceeding 18 months
  • Notification is served immediately by Registrar
82
Q

If the pharmacist in question is aggrieved by a decision of the IOC & will like to appeal, what can he/she do?

A

Make an application to the High Court to:

  • Revoke the suspension order
  • Revoke or vary any condition imposed by IOC order
  • Substitute for period stated in all orders by IOC