Pharmacist Only Medicines Flashcards
1
Q
Adapalene requirements of pharmacist supply
A
For severe acne, not more than 30g.
2
Q
Adapalene instructions
A
Apply thinly OD at night to clean, dry skin. Review after 3 months. Wash off in the morning
3
Q
Adapalene mechanism of action
A
Topical retinoid:
Inhibits keratinisation, reduces sebum production and modulates antiinflammatory response
4
Q
Adapalene contraindications (can’t supply)
A
Pregnant or breastfeeding (and those wanting to)
5
Q
Adapalene adverse effects
A
Redness, dryness, burning sensation at the application site
6
Q
Adapalene advice and self-care
A
There will be an initial flare up. Should see improvement after 8 weeks
Moisturise and apply sunscreen - increased photosensitivity.
7
Q
Brompheniramine
A
Not available by itself in NZ. Is a first-generation antihistamine. Could be sold to adults and children older than 2 for insomnia containing no more than 10 dosage units.
Is available as a pharmacy-only medicine with other cold medicines.
8
Q
Calcipotriol requirements of pharmacist supply
A
For mild-moderate psoriasis in an adult previously diagnosed by a doctor. Not more than 30g.
9
Q
Calcipotriol instructions
A
Apply twice daily. Wash hands thoroughly after.
10
Q
Calcipotriol mechanism of action
A
Is a vitamin D analogue. It is an antiproliferative, reducing kertatinocyte proliferation and induces cell differentiation, normalising epidermal growth.
11
Q
Calcipotriol contraindications (can’t supply)
A
Calcium disorders
12
Q
Calcipotriol adverse effects
A
Local skin reactions (sting, itch, rash, peeling, redness)
13
Q
Calcipotriol advice and self-care
A
Do not apply to face
Protect skin (photosensitivity)
Keep away from dog - can be fatal for them
14
Q
Chloramphenicol requirements of pharmacist supply
A
For bacterial conjunctivitis in patients older than 2
15
Q
Chloramphenicol instructions
A
1-2 drops every 2-6 hours for 2-3 days, then reduce frequency. Continue treatment for 48 hours after symptoms subside. Do not wear contact lenses.
Discard 4 weeks after opening
16
Q
Chloramphenicol mechanism of action
A
Broad spectrum antibiotic
17
Q
Chloramphenicol contraindications (can’t supply)
A
Contact lens wearer, pregnant or breastfeeding
18
Q
Chloramphenicol adverse effects
A
Stinging, itching eyes. Usually mild and short-lived.
Hypersensitivity rare
19
Q
Chloramphenicol advice and self-care
A
Wash hands and do not share face cloths to avoid spread.
To minimize systemic absorption, apply pressure to the tear duct immediately after administration
20
Q
Chlorpheniramine requirements of pharmacist supply
A
For oral treatment of insomnia from age 6 not containing more than 10 dosage units.
Allergic rhinitis and skin disorders
21
Q
Chlorpheniramine instructions
A
5mL ut 8 times daily.
22
Q
Chlorpheniramine mechanism of action
A
First generation antihistamine
23
Q
Chlorpheniramine contraindications (can’t supply)
A
Under 2 (or 6), acute asthma, pregnancy and breastfeeding
24
Q
Chlorpheniramine adverse effects
A
Sedation uncommon but still possible
GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
Antimuscarinic effects
25
Ciclopirox requirements of pharmacist supply
Is POM if it is stronger than 2%, cannot be more than 8%. For external use of fungal infections
Nail laquer (rejuvenail)
26
Ciclopirox instructions
Apply to infected nails every 2 days for 1 month, then twice weekly for the second month and once weekly thereafter for up to 6 months.
Before first application and once weekly remove as much of the affected nail as possible. Once weekly cleanse all lacquer from nail.
If skin irritation persists, discontinue treatment
27
Ciclopirox mechanism of action
Broad spectrum antifungal
28
Ciclopirox contraindications (can't supply)
Under 18 years of age?? Pregnant/breastfeeding
29
Ciclopirox adverse effects
Skin irritation, nail discolouration, inflammation of the skin
30
Ciclopirox advice and self-care
Good hygiene
31
Clobetasone requirements of pharmacist supply
For dermal use no stronger than 0.005% or more than 30g. Must be in original pack.
32
Clobetasone instructions
Apply sparingly to the affected are 1-2 times daily. Do not use for more than 2 weeks
33
Clobetasone mechanism of action
Moderately potent CC. Act on glucocorticoid receptors to initiate antiinflammatory action
34
Clobetasone contraindications (can't supply)
Untreated bacterial, viral or fungal infections of the skin. Do not use for acne, rosacea, perioral dermatitis or skin ulcerations.
35
Clobetasone adverse effects
Thinning of skin
36
Dexchlorpheniramine requirements of pharmacist supply
For the treatment of insomnia for patients olfer than 2. Must be in manufacturer's pack and contain no more than 10 tablets.
37
Dexchlorpheniramine instructions
1 tablet nocte for 7-10 days
38
Dexchlorpheniramine mechanism of action
First generation antihistamine
39
Dexchlorpheniramine contraindications (can't supply)
Under 2, pregnant or breastfeeding, use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
40
Dexchlorpheniramine adverse effects
Sedation and anticholinergic effects
41
Dextromethorphan requirements of pharmacist supply
In liquid form: containing no more than 600mg and a recommended daily dose of max 120mg.
For dry cough aged 6 and over.
In tablet form: 25mg max but no more than 30 tablets.
42
Dextromethorphan instructions
10-20mg q4h or 30mg q6-8h. Max 120mg daily.
43
Dextromethorphan mechanism of action
Suppresses cough reflex by acting on the cough centre of the brain (medulla oblongata)
44
Dextromethorphan contraindications (can't supply)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor usage (moclobemide)
45
Dextromethorphan adverse effects
GI: nausea, vomiting, constipation
Neuro: confusion, drowsiness, dizziness
General: fatigue, allergic reaction
46
Diclofenac requirements of pharmacist supply
In tablets 12.5-25mg strength. No more than 30 tablets. For pain and inflammation
47
Diclofenac instructions
2 tablets (50mg) as a loading dose, then another 1-2 tablets every 8 hours as necessary. Take with food and a large glass of water.
Max 150mg for adults, 75mg for children older than 14
48
Diclofenac mechanism of action
Reduces prostaglandin production by inhibiting COX 2 resulting in anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects.
49
Diclofenac contraindications (can't supply)
Under 14 years
GIMIRI risk/history
Caution in asthmatics
Pregnancy/breastfeeding
50
Diclofenac adverse effects
Heartburn, dyspepsia, nausea, stomach discomfort, diarrhoea.
Report unusual signs of bleeding
51
Diphenhydramine requirements of pharmacist supply
For adults and children over 2 for treatment of insomnia. Must be in original pack and contain no more than 10 units.
52
Diphenhydramine instructions
50mg at bedtime if required for 7-10 days
53
Diphenhydramine mechanism of action
First generation antihistamine
54
Diphenhydramine contraindications (can't supply)
Glaucoma, prostate problems, difficulty passing urine, stomach blockage/ulcer
Under the age of 12
Pregnant or breastfeeding
55
Diphenhydramine adverse effects
Drowsiness, anticholinergic effects,
56
Doxylamine requirements of pharmacist supply
For adults and children over 2 for the treatment of insomnia. Must be in original pack and contain no more than 10 units.
57
Doxylamine instructions
25mg 30 minutes before bedtime for 7-10 days.
58
Doxylamine mechanism of action
First generation antihistamine
59
Doxylamine adverse effects
Drowsiness, anticholinergic effects
60
Fluorides requirements of pharmacist supply
Tablets: 1.1mg containing no more than 5.
Toothpaste: 1.1%
For prevention of dental caries
61
Fluorides instructions
Suck or dissolve tablets
Do not eat or drink for 30 minutes afterwards
Do it at night
62
Fluorides mechanism of action
Incorporates fluoride into the tooth enamel, strengthening it and making it more resistant to acid.
63
Fluorides adverse effects
Occasionally white flecks on teeth. If dose exceeded yellowish-brown discolouration may occur
64
Glucagon instructions
Dissolve the powder in water and inject intramuscularly
65
Glucagon mechanism of action
Mobilises/breaks down glycogen stored in liver, increasing the blood glucose levels.
66
Glucagon adverse effects
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
67
Glucagon advice and self-care
Make sure your friends and family know how to use it if needed. Check the expiry date. Go to doctor after using.
68
Glyceryl Trinitrate requirements of pharmacist supply
For oral, sublingual or rectal use.
Haemmorrhoids and angina (Rectogesic)
69
Glyceryl Trinitrate instructions
Haemmorrhoids: Insert 1-1.5cm of ointment into the anal canal TDS
Angina: Spray 1-2 doses under the tongue. Can repeat dose after 10 minutes but if still pain does not subside call the ambulance
70
Glyceryl Trinitrate mechanism of action
Donates nitric oxide, resulting in relaxation of smooth muscle and vasodilation.
71
Glyceryl Trinitrate contraindications (can't supply)
Severe anemia, glaucoma, hypotension, increased intracranial pressure
Pregnancy/breastfeeding
72
Glyceryl Trinitrate adverse effects
Hypotension, headache, facial flush, dizziness
73
Hydrocortisone + Hydrocortisone acetate requirements of pharmacist supply
For dermal use up to 1% with no other active ingredient except an antifungal. 30g or less.
74
Hyoscine butylbromide requirements of pharmacist supply
For relief of GI muscle spasm. 10mg and no more than 20 dosage units.
Or 20mg and containing no more than 10 units.
75
Hyoscine butylbromide instructions
20mg QID. Swallow whole and take with a large glass of water
76
Hyoscine butylbromide mechanism of action
Binds to M3 receptors in the GI tract, relaxing smooth muscles. (Antagonist)
77
Hyoscine butylbromide contraindications (can't supply)
Glaucoma
Under 6
78
Hyoscine butylbromide adverse effects
Dry mouth, blurred vision, altered mental alertness.
79
Ibuprofen requirements of pharmacist supply
Up to 400mg per dose form and containing no more than 50 dose units. Must be in original pack and labelled appropriately
80
Ibuprofen mechanism of action
Non-selective COX inhibitor, inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, reducing pain inflammation and fever.
81
Macrogols requirements of pharmacist supply
Oral preparations for bowel cleansing prior to diagnostic, medical or surgical procedures
82
Macrogols instructions
Dissolve the sachet in water either the evening before the procedure or early in the morning on the day. Treatment should be finished at least 1 hour before colonoscopy.
83
Macrogols mechanism of action
Osmotic laxative that increases the water content of stool, softening it and promoting bowel movement
84
Macrogols contraindications (can't supply)
GI obstruction
85
Macrogols adverse effects
Flatulence, abdominal pain, nausea and colic
86
Macrogols advice and self-care
Do not have any food for at least 2 hours prior
Ensure adequate hydration
Take any oral medication at least 1 hour before treatment
Onset is 1 hour and should be complete within 4 hours
87
Paracetamol requirements of pharmacist supply
Modified release containing no more than 665mg and 96 tablets.
For OA and muscle aches and pains.
88
Paracetamol instructions
2 tablets TDS every 6-8 hours as needed. No more than 6 tablets in 24 hours.
Swallow whole with liquid
89
Paracetamol mechanism of action
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, reducing pain and fever.
90
Paracetamol contraindications (can't supply)
Under 12
91
Pholcodine requirements of pharmacist supply
For dry cough
Not more than 15mg in solid dosage form, maximum daily dose not exceeding 100mg.
92
Pholcodine instructions
10mg up to 6 times daily BUT Duro Tuss says 10-15mg QID max.
93
Pholcodine mechanism of action
Suppresses cough reflex by acting on the cough centre in the brain (medulla oblongata)
94
Pholcodine contraindications (can't supply)
Under 6
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Pregnant/breastfeeding
95
Pholcodine adverse effects
Nausea, vomiting, constipation, drowsiness
96
Promethazine requirements of pharmacist supply
For oral use in adults and children over 2 for the treatment of insomnia.
Must be in original pack and contain no more than 10 units
97
Promethazine instructions
25-75 mg OD nocte.
98
Promethazine mechanism of action
First generation antihistamine
99
Promethazine adverse effects
Drowsiness, sedation, dry mouth
100
Salicylic acid requirements of pharmacist supply
For dermal use containing 40% or less.
Used in acne, corns and calluses
101
Salicylic acid mechanism of action
Antikeratolytic (softens keratin). This helps loosen dry scaly skin making it easier to remove.
102
Salicylic acid adverse effects
Moderate to severe skin irritation, flushing, unusually warm/reddening skin.
103
Salicylic acid advice and self-care
Do not apply to broken skin or mucous membranes
Wash hands afterward
104
Sodium phosphate requirements of pharmacist supply
For bowel cleansing prior to diagnostic, medical or surgical procedures.
Oral preparations
105
Sodium phosphate instructions
First dose over 1 hour, then repeat after 10-12 hours
106
Sodium phosphate mechanism of action
Osmotic laxative, drawing water to the stool and promoting bowel movement
107
Sodium phosphate contraindications (can't supply)
GI obstruction, under 12
108
Sodium phosphate adverse effects
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
109
Sodium phosphate advice and self-care
Lots of hydration, take first dose 24 hours procedure.
Should take 30-60 minutes
110
Sodium picosulfate requirements of pharmacist supply
In oral preparations for bowel cleansing prior to medical, diagnostic or surgical procedures
111
Sodium picosulfate mechanism of action
Is a stimulant laxative. Increases motility and promotes bowel movement
112
Sodium picosulfate adverse effects
Abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
113
Staph aureus + Strep B haem vaccine (BUCCALINE) requirements of pharmacist supply
In oral vaccines for the prophylaxis of bacterial complications of colds
114
Staph aureus + Strep B haem vaccine (BUCCALINE) instructions
Children under 7: 1 tab for 2 days, then 2 tabs on the third day
Over 7: 1 tab first day, 2 tabs second, four.
115
Staph aureus + Strep B haem vaccine (BUCCALINE) mechanism of action
Inactivated cell vaccine
116
Staph aureus + Strep B haem vaccine (BUCCALINE) adverse effects
Nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea
117
Staph aureus + Strep B haem vaccine (BUCCALINE) advice and self-care
Does not make up for flu vaccine
118
Theophylline requirements of pharmacist supply
When in liquid form containing 2% or less
119
Theophylline instructions
25mL q6h.
120
Theophylline mechanism of action
Xanthine derivative
Inhibits phophodiesterase type 3 and 4, realxing smooth muscles and causing bronchodilation
121
Theophylline contraindications (can't supply)
Under 2
122
Theophylline adverse effects
Nausea, vomiting, GI irritation, diarrhoea
123
Theophylline advice and self-care
Smoking (cigarettes or weed) and caffeine may change the effect of theophylline
124
Trimeprazin requirements of pharmacist supply
For oral use in adults and children over 2 for the treatment of insomnia.
Must be in original pack and contain no more than 10 units
125
Trimeprazin + tripolidine mechanism of action
First generation antihistamine
