Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CSH074 - Holistic Cancer Management > Pharmaceuticals and Contraindications > Flashcards

Pharmaceuticals and Contraindications Flashcards

1
Q

benefits of chemoradiation

A

radiosensitiser - enhances DNA damage

radiation enhancer - enhances radiation effect

chemotherapeutic agents + XRT - does needs to be adjusted with concurrent XRT => acceptable toxicities

increase cancer cure

replace the need for surgery (or delay it)

allows organ preservation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

common complications of chemo-radiation

A
  • nausea and vomiting
  • mucositis/stomatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is mucositis/stomatitis

A

inflammation and damage of the mucous membranes lining the mouth and other parts of the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

radiation induced mucositis

A

more severe and of longer duration when compared to chemo-induced mucositis

  • appears after -2weeks of radiation
  • peaks by the end of RT => may persist for up to 8 weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

chemo induced mucositis

A

typically occurs 2-3 weeks from the commencement of chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mucositis/stomatitis - issues to consider

A
  • symptom control => patient comfort and nutritional intake
  • affects ability to eat and drink
    • fluid balance and nutritional status may be compromised ==> interruption of tx, hospitalisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mucositis/stomatitis - high risks

A

-poor oral hygiene
- dry mouth
- gum disease
- smoking
- alcohol consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mucositis/stomatitis - symptoms

A
  • mild soreness to severe (requiring hospitalisation due to risk of bleeding and infection)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder and urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cystitis - symptoms

A
  • blood in urine
  • urgency of urination
  • painful urination
  • abdominal pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what drugs can help manage mucositis?

A
  • oralube (saliva sub)
  • sodium bicarbonate mouthwash
  • xylocain (topical anesthetic)
  • oromorph (systemic pain relief)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some side effects of morphine?

A
  • N/V
  • Constipation
  • Respiratory distress
  • Dependance/addiction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what drugs help candidiasis?

A
  • Nystatin
  • Miconzole oral gel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

drugs to help manage oesophagitis

A

Antacids - Gaviscon (neutralise HCL)
Proton pump inhibitors - nexium (reduce acid secretion), pantoprazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define diarrhoea

A

Decreased consistency of bowel motions, or ostomy output due to treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the consequences of diarrhoea?

A

Malnutrition
Weight loss
Electrolyte imbalance
Renal Insufficiency
Hospital administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

drugs to help manage diarrhoea

A

gastrostop - loperamide
lomotil
gastrolyte (oral rehydration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

medication to help manage cystitis

A

ural - urinary alkalinizer
paracetamol
ibuprofen

19
Q

List factors relating to radiation dermatitis

A
  • Obesity
  • Older age
  • Gender (female)
  • Chronic sun exposure
  • Smoking
  • Breast reconstruction
  • Connective tissue disorder
20
Q

What agents can cause drug-induced radiation recall?

A

An acute inflammatory reaction confined to an area of previous radiation exposure triggered by chemotherapeutic agents.
- Taxanes
- Antibiotics
- Anthracyclines

21
Q

dermatitis meds

A

hydrocortisone cream

22
Q

How often should patients take Ondansetron?

A

Maximum 32mg/24 hours

23
Q

How often should patients take dexamethasone?

A

4mg daily

24
Q

How often should patients take oramorph?

A

1.5 ml daily / twice daily

25
Q

How often should patients take xylocaine?

A

15 ml before meals

26
Q

How often should patients use sodium bicarbonate mouthwash?

A

As required or 4 x daily

27
Q

How often should patients take Nystatin?

A

1ml held in mouth

28
Q

How often should patients take Gaviscon?

A

1 hour after eating

29
Q

How often should patients take PPIs?

A

1 x daily

30
Q

How often should patients take nexium?

A

40mg 2 x daily

31
Q

List some chemotherapy specific side effects

A
  • affects healthy cells such as blood cells causing anemia and infection
  • hair loss
    -mucositis
  • constipation
  • N&V
32
Q

Why are patients undergoing brain radiotherapy usually prescribed Dexamethasone?

A

Management of oedema and inter-cranial pressure

33
Q

drugs used for nausea and vomiting + contraindications

A
  • 5HT3 antagonist
    • ondansetron, granisetron
    • constipation, headache, migraine, QT prolongation (heart condition)
  • corticosteroids
    • dexamethasone
    • infection, oedema, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, delay wound healing, weight gain

-dopamine receptor antagonist
- metoclopramide, prochloriperazine
- tremor, slurred speach, akathisia, dystonia

34
Q

management of mild to moderate oral mucositis

A

pain control
- suck on ice cubes
- use pain medications as advised by your doctor

dietary modification
- eat moist or soft foods
- avoid foods that require a lot of chewing
- avoid acidic, spicy, salty and hot foods

oral care
- rinse mouth 5-6 times each day
- brush teeth with soft tooth brush

35
Q

candidiasis (anti-fungal infection) medications

A
  • nystatin oral drops
    • 1mL qid to be held in mouth as long as possible
  • amphotericin B lozenges
    • 1 lozenge qid for 1-2 weeks
  • miconazole 2% oral gel
    • half a measuring spoon (2.5ml) qid
  • fluconazole - dosing varies
  • topical anesthetics
    • 15mL before meals
    • careful with hot beverages
    • cost
  • systemic pain relief
    • different strengths
    • side effects
      • nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, constipation, respiratory depression, dependence
36
Q

drugs for oesophagitis

A
  • antacids
    • neuralise HCL secreted by gastric parietal cells
    • tablets should be chewed
    • constipation => containing Al and Ca
    • diarrhoea => containing Mg
    • monitor Ca, Al and/or Mg concentration => accumulation and toxicity in renally impaired patients
  • H2 antagonists
  • proton pump inhibitors
37
Q

what is diarrhoea + leads to…

A

decreased consistency of bowel motions, or ostomy output due to treatment =/- abdominal pain and/or cramping (may also contain blood or mucus)

may lead to malnutrition, weight loss, electrolyte imbalance, renal insufficiency and hospital admission

38
Q

management for diarrhoea

A
  • oral rehydration (8 to 10 large glasses of clear liquids - water, sports drinks, clear juices or broth)
  • antisecretory agents
    • activate opioid receptors in the gut wall, decreasing bowel motility and increasing fluid absorption
    • loperamide (non-analgesic opioid)
    • dephenoxylate and atropine (opiate analogue)
  • lactobacillus
    • containing probiotics may be useful in preventing chemo and/or radiation therapy induced
39
Q

management (medications) of cystitis

A
  • ural
  • ibuprofen
  • paracetamol
40
Q

ural medication

A
  • to treat burning and painful symptoms
  • 1-2 sachets dissolved in cold water qid
  • may alter therapeutic effects of medication
41
Q

ibuprofen for cystitis

A

analgesics, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory

42
Q

paracetamol for cystitis

A

negligible anti-inflammatory effects

43
Q

drugs for mucositis

A
  • topical anaesthetics
    • 15ml before meals
    • careful with hot beverages
    • cost
  • systemic pain relief
    • different strengths
    • side effects; nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, constipation, respiratory depression, dependence
  • saliva substitute
    • for dry mouth, salivary gland hypofunction
    • for topical use (spray)
    • artificial lemon flavour
  • sodium bicarbonate mouth wash
    • increase salivary pH => improves symptoms of dry mouth
    • cheap and effective
44
Q

Antacids contraindications

A

Constipation -> if containing al and Ca
Diarrhoea -> if containing Mg
Monitor Ca, Al and Mg concentration -> accumulation and toxicity in renally impaired patients

CSH074 - Holistic Cancer Management (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions