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Pharma > Pharma Least C > Flashcards

Pharma Least C Flashcards

1
Q

Ethanol& isopropyl alcohol

A

Disinfectants and antiseptics

Alcohols

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2
Q

Chlorhexidine

A

Antiseptic & disinfectant

Chlorinated phenols

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3
Q

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

A

Oxidising agents
Disinfectants and antiseptics

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4
Q

Povidone iodine

A

Halogens

Disinfectants antiseptics

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5
Q

Invert soaps

A

Disinfectants and antiseptics

Cationic surfactant

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6
Q

Octenidine dihydrochloride

A

Disinfectants and antiseptics

Cationic surfactant

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7
Q

Povidone iodine

A

Disinfectants and antiseptics

Halogens

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8
Q

Rifampin

A

Antimycobacterial drug

Mechanism of action:
- Inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA polymeraseàinhibition of transcription
- Bactericidal effect, long PAE
Spectrum + clinical effect:
- M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii, M. avium, M. leprae
- Use: TB treatment, leprosy treatment, prophylaxis

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9
Q

Isoniazid

A

Antimycobacterial drug

Mechanism of action:
- Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acidàbactericidal effect Spectrum + clinical effect:
- Most important drug used in TB treatment

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10
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

Antimycobacterial drugs

Mechanism of action:
- Inhibits CoA synthesisàbacteriostatic effect
Spectrum + clinical effect:
- Acts against M. tuberculosis only

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11
Q

Ethambutol

A

Antimycobacterial drugs

Mechanism of action:
- Inhibits cell wall synthesis (arabinogalactan) Spectrum + clinical effect:
- Mycobacteria only

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12
Q

Streptomycin & Kanamycin

A

Antimycobacterial drugs 2nd line agent

Mechanism of action:
- Protein synthesis inhibitor (aminoglycoside)àbactericidal effect
Spectrum + clinical effect:
- Streptomycin: Acts only against free mycobacteria (M. kansasii and avium are
resistant)àCOMBINATION TREATMENT!

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13
Q

Dapson

A

Antimycobucterial drug

Mechanism of action:
- Inhibits folic acid synthesisàbacteriostatic effect
Spectrum + clinical effect:
- Leprosy (M. leprae), pneumocystitis jirovecii pneumonia in AIDS patients

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14
Q

Cycloserine

A

Antimycobacterial drugs

Mechanism of action:
- Cell wall synthesis inhibitoràinhibit peptidoglycan synthesis
Spectrum + clinical effect:
- TB resistant to 1st line agents

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15
Q

Chloroquine

A

Antiprotozoal drug

Mechanism:
- Blood schizonticideàinhibit heme-polymeraseàIC heme accumulation is toxic
for the parasite Uses:
- Treatment + prophylaxis for malaria (P. falciparum)

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16
Q

Mefloquine

A

Antiprotozoal drugs

Similar to chloroquine, slower acting
- Mostly for prophylaxis

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17
Q

Atovaquone/proguanil

A

Antiprotozoal

Mechanism:
- Atovaquone: inhibits mitochondrial metabolism
- Proguanil: antimetaboliteàanti-folate drug

Uses:
- Treatment + prophylaxis of MDR P. falciparum

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18
Q

Primaquine

A

Antiprotozoal

Mechanism:
- Tissue schizonticideàkills schizonts in the liver Uses:
- Recurrent malaria
- Eradication of liver stages of P. vivax and P. ovale

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19
Q

Metronidazole

A

Antiprotozoal

Mechanism of action:
- Interferes with nucleic acid synthesisàproduces toxic intermediary metabolites Spectrum + clinical effect:
- Protozoans (trichomonas, G. lamblia, amoeba, Gardnerella vaginalis)
- Anaerobic gram (-) bacteria

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20
Q

Mebendazole

A

Antihelmintic drug

Mechanism:
- Inhibits microtubule synthesis + glucose uptake
Uses:
- Roundworms + tapeworms (Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris
trichuria)

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21
Q

Ivermectin

A

Antihelmintic drugs

Mechanism:
- Enhances GABA-mediated transmission in roundwormsàimmobilization
Uses:
- RoundwormsàWuchereria bancrofti (filaria)

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22
Q

Niclossmide

A

Antihelmintic drug

Mechanism:
- Inhibits oxidative phosphorylation Uses:
- Tapeworms (taenia saginata + solium)

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23
Q

Quinine

A

Antiprotozoal

Blood schizonticide
- Inhibit protozoal DNA
replication

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24
Q

Arthemether

A

Antiprotozoal

Blood schizonticide
- Production of free radicals
within the plasmodium food vacuoles

Treatment of multidrug- resistant malaria
- Effective against quinine- resistant strains

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25
Q

Niclosamid

A

Antihelmintic drug

Uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation

Tapeworms:
- Taenia saginata
(beef tapeworm)
- Taenia solium
(pork tapeworm)
- Diphyllobothrium latum
(fish tapeworm

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26
Q

Ivermectin

A

Antihelmintic drug

Facilitates GABA-mediated transmission in nematodes and causes immobilization of parasites

Intestinal nematodes:
- Strongyloides stercoralis
Tissue/blood nematodes:
- Cutaneous larva migrans
- Oncocerca volvulus

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27
Q

Lumefantrine

A

Antiprotozoal

Blood schizonticide
- Mechanism unknown In combination with artemether against P. falciparum

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28
Q

Clotrimazole

A

Antifungal drug
Azoles

Topical formulations treat dermatophytes, superficial candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis
- Available as over-the-counter drug

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29
Q

Itraconazole

A

Antifungal drug
Azoles

Dimorphic fungi, Blastomyces and Sporothrix infections
- 2nd-line agent for Aspergillus, Coccidioides, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma

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30
Q

Fluconazole

A

Antifungal
Azoles (trizole 1 St gen)

Esophageal, oropharyngeal, vaginal, and invasive candidiasis
- Coccidioides infections
- Cryptococcus meningitis

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31
Q

Voriconazole

A

Antifungal drug
Azoles ( trazoles 2nd gen )

Aspergillus infections
- Invasive candida infections (including
sepsis)

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32
Q

Amphoterecin B & nystatin

A

Antifungal drugs
Polyenes

Amphoteric compounds with both polar and nonpolar structural components →
interact with ergosterol in fungal membranes to form ‘pores’, which disrupt membrane permeability
- Fungicidal effect
- Resistant fungal strains appear to have low ergosterol content in their cell membranes

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33
Q

Caspofugin

A

Antifungal drug
Echinocandias

Inhibit the synthesis of β(1-3)-glucan, a critical component of fungal cell wall

Candida infections failed to respond to amphotericin B (disseminated and mucocutaneous infections)
- Mucor infection
- Aspergillus infection

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34
Q

Flucyrosine (5-FC)

A

Antifungal drug

Antimetabolites

Activated by fungal cytosine deaminase to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which after tri- phosphorylation is incorporated into fungal RNA
- 5-FU also forms 5-Fd-UMP, which inhibits thymidylate synthase → thymine ↓ (inhibits DNA synthesis)
- Resistance emerges rapidly if used alone; involves decreased activity of the fungal permease

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35
Q

Terbinafine

A

Antifungal drug

Inhibits squalene epoxidase, interfering with ergosterol synthesis (fungal membrane)
- Fungicidal effect

Systemic drug

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36
Q

Acyclovir

A

Antiviral
Agents against HSB q/2 VZV

Mechanism of action:
- Guanosine analog
- Acyclovir is converted to its triphosphate form, acyclovir
triphosphate (ACV-TP)àinhibits viral DNA polymerase
- Resistance: involves changes of viral DNA polymerase or
decreased activity of kinase

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37
Q

Ganciclovir

A

Antiviral
Agents against CMV

Mechanism of action:
- Deoxy-guanosine analog
- Mechanism similar to acyclovir
Spectrum + clinical effect:
- CMV (1st line agent), HSV-1/2, VZV to a lesser extent

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38
Q

Foscarnet

A

Antiviral drug

Mechanism of action:
- Pyrophosphate analog + not an antimetabolite
- Inhibits viral RNA- and DNA polymerase
Spectrum + clinical effect:
- CMV (2nd line agent)
- Use: CMV retinitis in HIV/AIDS patients, resistant HSV/CMV infections

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39
Q

Oseltamivir

A

Antiviral agent
Anti influenza agent

Mechanism of action:
- Inhibit neuraminidaseàneuraminidase usually cleave sialic acid bridges and thereby release the ready virion from the cellàprevent this, so the virus is unable to infect new cells
Spectrum + clinical effect:
- Influenza A + B virus

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40
Q

Palivizumab

A

Antiviral
Agents against RSV
Mechanism of action:
- Prophylactic agent
- Monoclonal antibody against RSV
Spectrum + clinical effect:
- Prophylaxis in immunocompromised children in RSV season

41
Q

Ribavirin

A

Antiviral
Agents against RSV

Mechanism of action:
- Guanosine analog
- Inhibits viral RNA polymerase
Spectrum + clinical effect:
- Broad spectrum (HSV, VZV, influenza, RSV)
- Use: immunocompromised children with severe RSV

42
Q

Zidovudine- thymidine analog

A

Antiretroviral drug

Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs):

Mechanism of action:
- Terminate the growing DNA chainàinhibit binding of nucleotides to reverse
transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) Indication:
- HIV-1 + HIV-2 infection
- Lamivudine, emtricitabine and tenofovir for HBV as well

43
Q

Lamuvidine& emtricitabine- cytidine analogs

A

Antiretroviral drug

Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs):

Mechanism of action:
- Terminate the growing DNA chainàinhibit binding of nucleotides to reverse
transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) Indication:
- HIV-1 + HIV-2 infection
- Lamivudine, emtricitabine and tenofovir for HBV as well

44
Q

Abacavir& tenofovir - purine analogs

A

Antiretroviral drug

Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs):

Mechanism of action:
- Terminate the growing DNA chainàinhibit binding of nucleotides to reverse
transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) Indication:
- HIV-1 + HIV-2 infection
- Lamivudine, emtricitabine and tenofovir for HBV as well

45
Q

Etravirine

A

Antiretroviral drug

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)

Mechanism of action:
- Bind to a site on reverse transcriptase different from the binding site of NRTIs
Spectrum + clinical effect:
- Only effective against HIV-1

46
Q

Ritonavir&darunavir&lopinavir

A

Antiretroviral drugs
Protease inhibitors

Mechanism of action:
- Inhibition of HIV proteaseàthey usually cleave precursor polypeptides (Gag + Gag-
Pol) that form the final structural proteins of the virus

47
Q

Dolutegravir

A

Antiretroviral drug
Integrase inhibitors

Binding to the integrase inhibits the integration of pro-viral DNA to host chromosome
- Acts only against HIV-1 infection
- Low cross-resistance, higher genetic barrier

48
Q

Maravicor

A

Antiretroviral drug

Entry inhibitors

Mechanism of action:
- CCR5 co-receptor antagonistàprevent interaction between viral gp120 and CD4 on
target cellàno entry Spectrum + clinical effect:
- In combination with other antiretroviral agents in adult patients

49
Q

Interferon alpha

A

Anti hepatitis drugs

Mechanism of action:
- Complex antiviral activityàinduces production of more than 20 antiviral proteins
Spectrum + clinical effect:
- Hepatitis B chronic infection
- Hepatitis C infection (acute + chronic)

50
Q

Tenofovir

A

Anti hepatitis drug

Mechanism of action:
- Nucleotide analog + antiretroviral agent (NRTI) Spectrum + clinical effect:
- HBV infection

51
Q

Entecavir

A

Anti hepatitis drug

Mechanism of action:
- Guanosine analog
- Inhibits HBV DNA polymerase
Spectrum + clinical effect:
- HBV infection

52
Q

Ribavirin

A

Anti hepatitis drug

Mechanism of action:
- Guanosine analog
- Inhibits viral RNA polymerase
Spectrum + clinical effect:
- Hepatitis C infection (acute + chronic) in combination with IFN-alpha
- Broad spectrum (HSV, VZV, influenza)àimmunocompromised children with severe RSV

53
Q

Sofosbuvir

A

Anti hepatitis drug
Direct acting antivirals

NS5B nucleoside polymerase inhibitors (NPI’s)

54
Q

Dasbuvir

A

Anti hepatitis drug
Direct acting antivirals
NS5B non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors (NNPI’s

55
Q

Paritaprevir &grazoprevir

A

Anti hepatitis drug
Direct acting antivirals

NS3/4A protease inhibitors

56
Q

Velpatasvir & elbasvir

A

Anti hepatitis drug
Direct acting antivirals

NS5A inhibitors

57
Q

Penicillin G & penicillin V

A

Penicillins

Natural penicillin

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Streptococcal infections (pharyngitis, rheumatic, fever, endocarditis)
- Gram (+) rods (actinomyces isrealii)
- Clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene)
- Enterococci, Neisseria meningitidis

58
Q

Benzathine-penicillin

A

Penicillins

Narrow spectrum

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Syphilis (spirocheteàTreponema pallidum)
- IM depot injection Toxicity and adverse effects:
- Same as natural penicillins

59
Q

FluclOxacillin

A

Penicillins

Very narrow spectrum

Beta lactamase resistant Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Staphylococcal infections (endocarditis, osteomyelitis, skin infections)
- Resistant to beta-lactamase produced by staphylococci
- Oral, IV

60
Q

Amoxicillin&ampicillin

A

Penicillins
B-road spectrum
Beta lactamase sensitive

Spectrum + clinical uses:
Spectrum similar to basic penicillins with increased activity against gram (-) rods
- H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, H. pylori,
- High risk patients prior to dental procedures (prophylaxis)
- Used in combination with clavulanic acid

61
Q

Piperacillin

A

Penicillins
Extended spectrum
Beta lactamase sensitive

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Pseudomonas infectionà‘’anti-pseudomonal penicillins’’
- Together with tazobactam
Toxicity and adverse effects:
- Same as amoxicillin

62
Q

Cephalexin & cephazolin

A

1st generation cephalosporins

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Gram (+) cocci (Staph, Strep)
- Gram (-) UTI causing organisms (Proteus, E.coli, Klebsiella)
- Oral administration

63
Q

Cefuroxime & cefoxitine

A

2nd generation cephalosporins

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Same as 1st generation with extended gram (-) coverage
- H. influenza, M. catarrhalis (cefuroxime)

64
Q

Cefixime & ceftriaxone& cefotaxime

A

3d generation cephalosporins B-road spectrum

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Increased activity against gram (-)
- S. pneumoniae, N. gonorrhea (ceftriaxone)
- Empiric treatment of bacterial meningitis and sepsis

65
Q

Cefepime

A

4th generation cephalosporins

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Broad spectrum, resistant to most beta-lactamase
- Enterobacter, Hemophilus, Neisseria, Pneumococci, Pseudomonas

66
Q

Ceftolozane & tazobactam ceftarolime fosamil

A

5th generation cephalosporins

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- MRSA, complicated UTI’s

67
Q

Ceftazidime

A

3d generation cephalosporins

68
Q

Cefiderocol

A

Cephalosporin

69
Q

Imipenem & meropenem

A

Carbapenems

1st generation: ertapenem, 2nd generation: imipenem, meropenem
- Effective against gram (+), gram (-), anaerobes, aerobes à pseudomonas,
Acinetobacter
- Resistant to most beta-lactamases

70
Q

Calculanate & tazobactam & vaboractam

A

Beta lactamase inhibitors

A fixed combination of a beta-lactam and a beta-lactamase inhibitor prevents
splitting of the beta-lactam ringàassuring good activity against the beta-lactamase
producing bacteria

71
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Chloramphenicol

Mechanism of action:
- Protein synthesis inhibitor à binds reversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunit à
inhibits peptide bond formation
- Bacteriostatic effect, but bactericidal in N. meningitidis, H. influenzae
Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Wide spectrum
- Gram (+), gram (-), anaerobes, Rickettsiae, Chlamydia, spirochetes
- Used in treatment of bacterial meningitidis, brain abscess, rickettsial infections

72
Q

Colistin

A

Colistin

Mechanism of action:
- Polymyxin (cell wall synthesis inhibitor) à cell membrane damaging agent
- Bind + inactive endotoxin
- Bactericidal effect
Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Gram (-) bacteria à Pseudomonas! (Gram+ are resistant)
- Systemic use limited due to severe SEàlimited to topical treatment of superficial
skin infections

73
Q

Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim

A

Group same as name

Mechanism of action:
- Sulfamethoxazole: inhibit dihydropteroate synthase à bacteriostatic
effect
- Trimethoprim: inhibit bacterial DHF reductase à bacteriostatic effect
- Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim: bactericidal effect
Spectrum + clinical uses: (used only in combination, not individually) Sulfonamide à sulfamethoxazole:
- Gram (+) and (-) bacteria, Staphylo, N. meningitidis, Chlamydia, Enterococcus

74
Q

Proguanil

A

Malaria prophylaxis (atovaquone)
- Oral, prodrug

75
Q

Doxycycline

A

Tetracycline

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Community-acquired pneumonia, gonorrhea, chlamydia, Lyme disease
- Rickettsia, H. pylori, spirochetes

76
Q

Tigecycline

A

Glycylcycline

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Only glycylcycline
- Broader spectrum than tetracycline à works against tetracycline-resistant species
- MRSA + VRSA as well
- Clinical use: skin + intrabdominal infections

77
Q

Gentamicin& tonramycin&netilmicin&amikacin

A

Aminoglycosides
Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Aerobic gram (-) bacteria (E. coli, Enterobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas)àUTIs
- Used in combination with cell wall synthesis inhibitors (penicillins, cephalosporins)

78
Q

Streptomycin

A

Aminoglycosides

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- In combination with penicillin against TB, tularemia, enterococcal endocarditis

79
Q

Kanamycin& neomycin

A

Aminoglycosides

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Used to suppress intestinal flora before bowel surgery
- Neomycinàtopical use

80
Q

Norfloxacin

A

Fluroquinolone 1st generation

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Gram (-) aerobe bacteria (Proteus, E.coli, Klebsiella, H. influenzae, campylobacter)
- Use: UTIs + prostatitis

81
Q

Ciprofloxacin &ofloxacin

A

Floroquinolones
2nd generation

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Gram (-) aerobe bacteria (including Pseudomonas)
- Also some gram (+) bacteria (B. anthracis à ciprofloxacin), atypical agents
(Chlamydophila, mycoplasma)

82
Q

Levofloxacin

A

3d generation floroquinolones

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Less active against gram (-) organisms, but more against gram (+) bacteria
(Staphylococcus, streptococcus, enterococcus)
- Use: community-acquired pneumonia (typical + atypical agents)

83
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

4th generation floroquiolones

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Similar to 3rd generation + extended anaerobic coverage (broad spectrum)
- Use: respiratory tract infections

84
Q

Roxithromicin

A

Macrolides

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Broad spectrum
- Gram (+) and (-) cocci AND Chlamydia, mycoplasma, legionella, campylobacter
- Use: respiratory infections (atypical bacteria), chlamydial infections, penicillin
allergy, Bordetella pertussis

85
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Macrolides ( very important)

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Similar to erythromycin, but more active against Mycobacterium, Toxoplasma Gondii, H. influenzae
- Use: respiratory infections, gastric/duodenal ulcers, urogenital infections

86
Q

Azithromycin

A

Macrolides
Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Similar to erythromycin (~roxithromycin)
- More selective to Neisseria, H. influenza
- Acquired pneumonia, urogenital infections caused by chlamydia

87
Q

Clindamycin

A

Lincosamide antibiotics
Mechanism of action:
- Bind to the 50S ribosomal subunitàinhibit translocation of tRNA from acceptor to
donor siteàinhibit protein synthesis (MOA similar to erythromycin) Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Gram (+) cocci and anaerobic organisms

88
Q

Quinupristin/dalfopristin

A

Streptogramins

Mechanism of action:
- Bind to the 50S ribosomal subunitàblock exit channel on the ribosome
- Bactericidal effect together, bacteriostatic effect separately
Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Gram (+) cocci, MRSA; VRSA

89
Q

Linezolid

A

Oxazolidinones

Mechanism of action:
- Binds to the 50S ribosomal subunitàinhibits formation of initiation complex
Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Effective against gram (+) resistant organisms (MRSA, VRE, Penicillin-resistant Str.)
- Use: Vancomycin resistant E. faecium + staphylococcus

90
Q

Vancomycin & teicoplanin & oritavancin

A

Glycopeptides

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Gram (+): S. aureus, MRSA, Clostridium difficile
- Enterococci, pneumococci, endocarditis, meningitis Toxicity and adverse effects:
- VRSAàvancomycin resistant S. aureus
- Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, red man syndrome (rapid IV adm. causes flushing)

91
Q

Fluidic acid

A

Fusidan ( protein synthesis inhibitors)

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Protein synthesis inhibitor à inhibits elongation factor
- Gram (+) à STAPHYLOCOCCI! (no action against gram-)

92
Q

Daptomycin

A

Lipopeptides ( membrane - active agent )

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Binds to cytoplasmic membrane à disruption of ionic gradients + membrane
depolarizationàbactericidal effect
- Gram (+) bacteria à MRSA, VRSA

93
Q

Bacitracin

A

Polypeptides ( cell wall synthesis inhibitor )

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Cell wall synthesis inhibitor à interferes with dephosphorylation of the lipid carrier
transferring peptidoglycan subunits across the membrane
- Gram (+) bacteria (strepto, staphylo, clostridium, diphtheria)

94
Q

Mupirocin

A

Miscellaneous antibiotic

Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Protein synthesis inhibitoràinhibits isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase
- Gram (+) bacteriaàMRSA (impetigo)
- Topical administration
- Local itching, burning, rash

95
Q

Metronidazole

A

Unknown mechanism of action antibiotic

Mechanism of action:
- Interferes with nucleic acid synthesisàproduces toxic intermediary metabolites Spectrum + clinical effect:
- Anaerobic gram (-) bacteria
- Protozoans (trichomonas, G. lamblia, amoeba, Gardnerella vaginalis)
- Intra-abdominal infections + brain abscesses

96
Q

Fidaxomicin

A

Macrocyclic antibiotic

Mechanism of action:
- Inhibits bacterial RNA polymeraseàbactericidal effect
Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Narrow spectrumàgram (+) anaerobesàc. difficile

97
Q

Rifaximin

A

Antibiotic for enteric bugs
Mechanism of action:
- Derivative of rifampicinàinhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Gram (+) and (-)
- Management of hepatic encephalopathy (decreases nitrogenous compounds)

98
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

Antibiotic for urinary bladder infection
Mechanism of action:
- Urinary antisepticàrapidly excreted into urine and acts there to suppress
bacteriuria Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Urinary tract pathogens (E.coli, but not proteus or pseudomonas)
- Used in uncomplicated lower UTI

99
Q

Fosfomycin

A

Antibiotic MUra inhibitor
Mechanism of action:
- Cell wall synthesis inhibitoràinhibits synthesis of N-acetylglucosamine (precursor of cell wall synthesis)
Spectrum + clinical uses:
- Gram (+) and (-) bacteria
- Used in treatment of lower UTIs in womeni

Pharma (2 decks)

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