pharma last min 22 Flashcards
Of the many types of data plots that are used to help explain the pharmacodynamics of drugs, which plot is very useful for determining the total number of receptors and the affinity of a drug for those receptors in a tissue or membrane?
a Graded dose-response curve
b Quantal dose-response curve
c Scatchard plot
d Double-reciprocal plot
[y] Scatchard plot
Of the following, which is unlikely to be associated with receptors bound to plasma membranes, their interaction with ligands, and the biologic response to this interaction?
a. Structurally, these receptors have hydrophobic amino acid domains, which are in contact with the membrane, and hydrophilic regions, which extend into the extracellular fluid and the cytoplasm
b.Chemical interactions of ligands with these receptors may involve the formation of many types of bonds, including ionic, hydrogen, van der Waals’, and covalent
c. Activation of membrane-bound receptors and subsequent intracellular events elicit a biologic response through the transcription of DNA
d. Chemical interactions of ligands with these receptors may involve the formation of many types of bonds, including ionic, hydrogen, van der Waals’, and covalent
[y] Activation of membrane-bound receptors and subsequent intracellular events elicit a biologic response through the transcription of DNA
A 25 -year-old female being treated for acute myelogues leukemia, develops fever. Consultant infectious disease Doctor prescribed agents that will cover bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Two days later, he develops acute renal failure. Which drug was most likely responsible?
a Vancomycin
b Ceftazidime
c Amphotericin B
d Acyclovir
c. Amphotericin B - common side effect is decreased kidney function. Other SE’s: hypokalemia, anemia, neurologic symptoms
A 34-year-old female with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) develops cryptococcal meningitis. She refuses all intravenous medication. She has panic attacks episodes, when she has intravenous infusion. Which antifungal agent can be given orally to treat the meningeal infection?
a Ketoconazole
b Amphotericin B
c Fluconazole
d Nystatin
[y] Fluconazole
A 21-year-old man from Southeast Georgia has been staying with family members in Tbilisi for the last 5 months. His sister tells to the doctors that her brother has been feeling very tired for the last month, has a poor appetite, and has lost weight. The patient has been feeling somewhat better lately except for a cough that produces a greenish sputum, sometimes specked with blood. With the exception of rales in the left upper lobe, the physical examination is unremarkable and he does not seem to be acutely ill. Laboratory values show a white count of 12,000/μL and a hematocrit of 33%. Chest x-ray film reveals an infiltrate in the left upper lobe with a possible cavity. A Gram-stained smear of the sputum shows mixed flora with no dominance. An acid-fast stain reveals many thin rods of pinkish hue. A preliminary diagnosis is made of pulmonary tuberculosis. The most active drug against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is?
a Streptomycin
b Amikacin
c Neomycin
d Tobramycin
[y] Streptomycin
Applied to the skin in a transdermal patch (transdermal therapeutic delivery system), this drug is used to prevent or reduce the occurrence of nausea and vomiting that are associated with motion sickness
a Diphenhydramine
b Chlorpromazine
c Ondansetron
d Scopolamine
[y] Scopolamine
All of the following drugs are used topically in the treatment of chronic wide-angle glaucoma. Which of these agents reduces intraocular pressure by decreasing the formation of the aqueous humor?
a Timolol
b Echothiophate
c Pilocarpine
d Isofluorphate
[y] Timolol
A 72-year-old professional motorcycle racer woman was admitted to the hospital following a car accident, and a blood transfusion was started. A few minutes later, she complained of nausea and pruritus and developed dyspnea with audible wheezing. Her skin was mottled and cold, heart rate was 120 bpm, and blood pressure fell to 80/40 mm Hg. An intramuscular injection of epinephrine was given. Which of the following actions of the drug most likely contributed to its therapeutic efficacy in this patient?
a Increased glycogenolysis
b β2 receptor−mediated vasodilation
c Stimulation of platelet aggregation
d Inhibition of mast cell degranulation
[y] Inhibition of mast cell degranulation
A 34 -year-old pilot woman had episodes of tachycardia recently diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. It is tumor arising from medullar suprarenal gland. Patient was scheduled for surgery to remove the tumor. One week before surgery, phenoxybenzamine was prescribed. Which of the following actions most likely mediated the therapeutic effect of the drug in the patient’s disease?
a Decreased peripheral vascular resistance
b Increased cardiac output
c Decreased epinephrine release from the adrenal medulla
d Increased heart rate
[y] Decreased peripheral vascular resistance
A 24-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of a faint systolic murmur and an unusual electrocardiogram reading. Patient describes that, during physical activity he has a chest pain and needs relax usually. After clinical and lab evaluation, a diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( heart wall has hypertropy) was made, and propranolol was prescribed. Which of the following actions most likely contributed to the therapeutic efficacy of the drug in the patient’s disease?
a Decreased renin secretion
b Increased duration of diastole
c Blockade of an abnormal pacemaker
d Decreased ejection fraction
?? Decreased ejection fraction
A 71-year-old man had no bowel movements 5 days after surgery to remove a colon cancer. A diagnosis of adynamic ileus was made, and an intramuscular injection of neostigmine was given. The activation of which of the following pairs of receptors most likely mediated the therapeutic e ect of the drug in the patient’s disorder?
a Nm and M2 cholinergic
b Nn and M3 cholinergic
c β2 adrenergic and M3 cholinergic
d β2 adrenergic and Nn cholinergic
[y] Nn and M3 cholinergic
25-year-old medical student young woman with a long history of depression was brought to the emergency department with vomiting, urinary incontinence, profuse salivation, cold sweat, rapid and irregular pulse, tachypnea, and mental confusion. She admitted attempting suicide by ingesting several tablets found in her husband’s bureau drawer. Soon after admission, the woman experienced a tonic-clonic seizure. Which of the following drugs most likely caused the patient’s poisoning?
a Clonidine
b Scopolamine
c Nicotine
d Bethanechol
[y] Nicotine
A 32-year-old woman was brought to the emergency department because of severe vomiting and diarrhea that started about 1 hour after a meal. The patient showed profuse salivation, lacrimation, and wheezing. His skin was moist, and his pupils were miotic. Skeletal muscle movements were normal. Blood pressure was 80/50 mm Hg, pulse 46 bpm. Poisoning of this patient was most likely due to which of the following agents?
a Muscarine-containing mushrooms
b Nicotine-containing insecticide
c Organophosphate-containing insect icide
d Atropine-containing mushrooms
[y] Muscarine-containing mushrooms
A 11-year-old girl, on vacation with his parents in Batumi, was brought unconscious to the emergency department. His parents reported that the boy had eaten an apple bought from a local vendor 3 hours earlier. Physical examination showed that the boy girl salivating profusely and was incontinent with regard to both urine and feces. She had pinpoint pupils, moist skin, and shallow respiration. A diagnosis was made, and two appropriate drugs were administered intravenously. Which of the following pairs of drugs were most likely given?
a Physostigmine and pralidoxime
b Physostigmine and atropine
c Physostigmine and propranolol
d Atropine and pralidoxime
[y] Atropine and pralidoxime
A 22-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of vomiting, double vision, and muscular paralysis. The man reported that she had eaten some canned food from a local vendor the previous day. After a physical examination, a presumptive diagnosis of botulism was made. It is known that botulinum toxin causes paralysis by get ting inside the axon terminals of motor nerves, where it inhibits the release of acetylcholine. Botulinum toxin is a protein with a molecular weight greater than 100,000 daltons. Which of the following permeation processes most likely accounts for the transfer of the toxin through the nerve cell membrane? a Aqueous diffusion
b Lipid diffusion
c Facilitated diffusion
d Endocytosis
[y] Endocytosis
