Pharma Intro

Question 1

Orphan Drugs

Answer 1

sodium nitrite, 
fomepizole, 
liposomal amphotericin B,
miltefosine, 
rifabutin, 
succimer, 
somatropin, 
digoxin immune Fab (digoxin antibody), 
liothyronine (T3)

Question 2

weakly acidic drugs

Answer 2

sod. phenobarbitone,
sod. sulfadiazine,
pot. penicillin-V

Question 3

Weakly basic drugs

Answer 3

atropine sulfate,
ephedrine HCl,
chloroquine phosphate

Question 4

ion trapping

Answer 4

A weak electrolyte crossing a membrane to
encounter a pH from which it is not able to escape
easily. This may contribute to gastric mucosal
cell damage caused by aspirin.

Question 5

Inhibitors of P-gp

Answer 5

quinidine,
verapamil,
erythromycin, etc. enhance oral availability of digoxin and cyclosporine

Question 6

P-gp inducers

Answer 6

Rifampin and phenobarbitone reduce the oral

bioavailability of these digoxin and cyclosporine

Question 7

Luminal effect

Answer 7

Formation of insoluble complexes, e.g.
tetracyclines and iron preparations with calcium
salts and antacids, phenytoin with sucralfate.

Question 8

Gut wall effects

Answer 8

Altering motility
(anticholinergics, tricyclic antidepressants, opioids,
metoclopramide) or causing mucosal damage
(neomycin, methotrexate, vinblastine)

Question 9

Enzymatic BBB

Answer 9

Monoamine oxidase (MAO),
cholinesterase
do not allow catecholamines, 5-HT, acetylcholine, etc. to enter
brain in the active form.

Question 10

Acidic drugs generally bind to:

Answer 10

Plasma albumin

Question 11

Basic drugs generally binds to

Answer 11

Alpha1 acid glycoprotein

Question 12

Drugs highly bound to albumin

Answer 12

Barbiturates
benzodiazepines
NSAIDs
Valproic Acid
Penicillins
Phenytoin
Tetracyclines
Sulfonamide
Tolbutamide
Warfarin

Question 13

Drugs highly binded to alpha1 acid glycoprotein

Answer 13

Beta blockers 
Bupivacaine
Lidocaine
Disopyramide
Imipramine
Methadone
Prazosin
Quinidine
Verapamil