Pharma first exam

Question 1

What is pharmacology?

Answer 1

Science that study drugs and its effects in life processes

Question 2

The rate of elimination constant and mediated by transport proteins

Answer 2

Zero order elimination

Question 3

Medical science concerned with the impact drugs produce in our society

Answer 3

Pharmacoepidemiology

Question 4

A patient is intoxicated wit weak base with a pKa of 6, how should you modify the urinary pH to facilitate its elimination

Answer 4

Make it more acid

Question 5

Drug suitable for administration of specific dose through a specific route

Answer 5

Pharmaceutical preparation

Question 6

Any substance used for the diagnosis prevention or treatment of diseases

Answer 6

Drug

Question 7

Is the fluid in which the drug would need to be dissolved to have the same concentration as in plasma

Answer 7

Volume of distribution

Question 8

Substance that helps the drug to be stable, safe and efective

Answer 8

Excipient

Question 9

Mention at least 3 drug properties that effect its absorption

Answer 9

Molecular weigh 
Hidrosolubility/Liposolubility 
pKa
Concentration
Ionization

Question 10

Mention at least 3 organism characteristics that influence a drugs absortion or distribution

Answer 10

pH 
Membrane thickness 
Transport proteins 
Blood Flow
Surface of absortion 
Efflux pumps

Question 11

What is pharmacodynamics

Answer 11

The Branch of pharmacology that studies drugs action mechanism, action and effects

Question 12

Is the passage of the drug molecules from the site of administration into the circulation

Answer 12

Absorption

Question 13

It´s the passage of the drug from the blood stream to the organs and tissues

Answer 13

Distribution

Question 14

It´s the enzyme catalyzed conversión of drugs to their metabolites

Answer 14

Biotransformation

Question 15

Is the active fraction of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation

Answer 15

Bioavailability

Question 16

Processes through which a drug is absorbed, distributed and eliminated

Answer 16

Passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport

Question 17

Which does not determine the passing of a solute through the cell membrane

a) Molecular weight
b) Pka
c) Lipid/wáter partition coeffcient
d) Ionization
e) None of the above

Answer 17

None of the above

Question 18

with numbers 1-5 (5 being the highest) order the following studies according to the possibility they have to stablish causality.
( ) Series of cases 
( ) Clinical assay 
( ) Cohort study 
( ) Cases control study 
( ) Case report

Answer 18

(2) Series of cases
(5) Clinical assay
(4) Cohort study
(3) Cases control study
(1) Case report

Question 19

Reduction and hydrolisis reactions are part of biotransformation

Answer 19

Phase I

Question 20

Mention the three processes responsible of drug elimination through the kidney

Answer 20

Glomerular filtration, Active tubular secretion, passive tubular reabsortion

Question 21

It´s the celular changes produced by the interaction between molecules of the drug and the iones of the organism that is responsible of the effect

Answer 21

Action mechanism

Question 22

It´s a constant value that represents the amount of volume from which a drug is removed per unit of time

Answer 22

Clearance

Question 23

What is elimination and absortion kinetics where the amount of frug absorbed/eliminated is proportional to its concentration and solubility

Answer 23

First order

Question 24

Why is important to evaluate a new drug in clinical and preclinical investigations before its commercialization

Answer 24

Because of the toxic effects it can produce plus we need to know the kinetic behavior in humans, if it is effective and if it is safe to use.

Question 25

It´s the Branch of pharmacology that studies the drugs dispositions in the body

Answer 25

Pharmacokinetics

Question 26

It´s the clinical manifestation of the interaction between drugs molecules with its molecular target

Answer 26

Effect

Question 27

What is drug efficacy

Answer 27

The ability to produce the desire effect (checar)

Question 28

The acction that structurally specific action mechanism is determined by the physicochemical properties of the drug TRUE FALSE

Answer 28

False

Question 29

Where does the energy that moves solutes across the cell membrane through active transport come from

Answer 29

From ATP

Question 30

Its the structural complementarity that allows the formation of the drug-receptor complex

Answer 30

Affinity

Question 31

Its an agonist with an efficacy that is greater than 1 a) Inverse agonist b) Pure agonist c) Parcial agonist d) All of the above e) None of the above

Answer 31

None of the above

Question 32

What is a second messengers function?

Answer 32

To generate a cellular response in response to a stimule

Question 33

Its a teste perform to verify that generic drugs have the same bioavailability as patented drugs

Answer 33

Bioequivalence

Question 34

Mention at least 2 differences between a graded and a quantal dose-response relationships

Answer 34

Graded --> cuantitative, has continuos variables Quantal --> Cualitative, has an all or nothing fenomenom

Question 35

A parameter used to evaluate a drug´s safety where the dose needed to start lethal effects is divided by the dose needed to generate the desired effect in 99% of the population

Answer 35

Certainaty safety factor

Question 36

The dose needed to generate 50% of the máximum effect, therefore the dose needed to occupy half of the receptors

Answer 36

ED50

Question 37

It´s the clinical phase where the drug is administered to treat the disease it was intended to treat and compared to the gold standard of treatment in large randomized trials

Answer 37

Phase III

Question 38

In the development of new drugs, before starting the clinical phase, the new drug has to be tested in? a) Animal tissues b) Animals c) Plants d) a y b are correct e) None of the above

Answer 38

A y B are correct

Question 39

It´s the phase of clinical investigation where the new drug is administered to healthy individuals in order to determine its kinetic behavior and whether its effect are similar to those observed in previous observations

Answer 39

Phase I

Question 40

Mention at least 3 differences between a type A and B adverse effect

Answer 40

``` Type A Dose related Predictable Not severe When we have a not desired result we can lower the dose ``` ``` Type B Ideosyncratic Not predictable Severity variable Potentially lethal Rare ```

Question 41

It´s the group of transmembrane receptors that require dimerization to produce an action and regulate cell growth an proliferation

Answer 41

1 TM

Question 42

It´s an antagonism in which both agonist and antagonist bind to the same active site and the effect is determined by their affinity and concentration in this active site

Answer 42

Competitive antagonism

Question 43

Its an antagonism in which both the agonist and antagonist bind to the same receptor or down stream signaling route but in different site so the antagonist action is produced without it being influenced by the agonists concentration

Answer 43

Non-competitive antagonism

Question 44

It´s the molecular structure with which drugs interact to generate a biological response

Answer 44

Ionic channel

Question 45

It´s the pharmacological interaction where the effect after administering both drugs, is less than the first drug´s individual effect

Answer 45

Physiologic antagonism

Question 46

For the following Write F if the process is facilitated or O if it´s obstructed Acid Penicilin: pKa 2.75 pH: 7.35 Renal excretion _______ Absorption _______ Base Diacepam: pKa 3.5 pH: 7.45 Renal excretion _______ Absorption _______

Answer 46

1. Facilitated Obstructive | 2. Obstructive Facilitated

Question 47

Mention the difference between loading and maintenance dose

Answer 47

Loading dose: Single dose, reaching therapeutical effect quicker, use in very ill people Maintanance dose: desired steady-state, severall doses, long term treatment

Question 48

it´s the pharmacological interaction where the effect after administering both drugs, is the same as the first drug´s individual effect

Answer 48

Indifference

Question 49

A patient with a clearance of 100ml/min needs a drug that has a volume of distribution of 25L and that is to be administered every 8hours, you determine he needs to achieve an initial concentration of 15 mg/L and a steady concentration of 10mg/L What should the loading dose be? What should the maintenance dose be?

Answer 49

Maintenance Dose= Elimination Rate x 60 x hrs 1x60x8 Elimination rate= Clearance Rate x concentration .1 x 10 ER= 1 mg/min MD= 480 mg/h Loading dose=