Pharma DSA

Question 1

neurotransmitters and receptors of Parasympathetic system:

Answer 1

NT: ACh

R: mAChR, nAChR

Question 2

neurotransmitters and receptors of Sympathetic system:

Answer 2

NT: NE, Epi, ACh

R: alpha, beta, (D), mAchR, nAchR

Note: sweat glands have sympathetic stimulation, use muscarinic receptors

Question 3

where is Epi synthesized?

Answer 3

only in the adrenal medulla and a few epi-containing neuronal pathways in the brainstem

Tyr -> DOPA -> Dopamine (occurs in the cytoplasm)
Dopamine -> NE -> Epi (occurs in vessicles, in adrenal medulla)

Question 4

what is the Na-dependent tyrosine transporter?

Answer 4

transports Tyr into the nerve terminal

Question 5

whats is the vesicular monoamine transporter?

Answer 5

VMAT-2 transports NE, Epi, DA and serotonin into vessicles (is non-selective, will release NT upon action potential and calcium influx)

Question 6

what are the NE and DA transporters?

Answer 6

NET imports NE into the nerve terminal. Similarly, DAT imports DA into the nerve terminal

Question 7

Alpha1 receptors :

Answer 7

STIMULATE CONTRACTION OF ALL SMOOTH MUSCLE
vascular smooth muscle - vasoconstriction
*Heart: increase contractile force, arrhythmias

Gq receptor: increases PLC, IP3, DAG and intracellular calcium. Epi > NE

Question 8

Alpha2 receptors:

Answer 8

Vascular smooth muscle: contraction, decreases release of NE
Pancreatic B cells: decreased insulin secretion
Platelets: aggregation

Gi/Go receptor: decreases adenylyl cyclase, decreasing cAMP. Epi > NE

Question 9

Beta1 receptors:

Answer 9

*HEART: AV nodal conduction velocity, increases force and rate of contraction
juxtaglomerular cells: increased renin secretion

Gs receptor, increases adenylyl cyclase, cAMP, L-type calcium channel opening. Epi = NE

Question 10

Beta2 receptors:

Answer 10

VASODILATION (vascular, bronchial, GI, GU)

Gs, increases adenylyl cyclase. Epi&raquo_space; NE

Question 11

Beta3 receptors:

Answer 11

Works on adipose tissue: lipolysys

Gs, increases adenylyl cyclase, NE > Epi

Question 12

Blood vessels: sympathetic vs parasymp stimulation

Answer 12

Symp: alpha1 increases constriction

Parasymp: no innervation needed (m3 receptor)! activation of NO synthase

Question 13

Lung: sympathetic vs parasymp stimulation

Answer 13

Symp: B2 relaxation

Parasymp: M2=M3 contraction

Question 14

Heart: sympathetic vs parasymp stimulation

Answer 14

Symp: B1>B2 increase HR, contractility (atria and ventricles), conduction velocity, automaticity

Parasymp M2»M3 decrease HR, contractility, conduction velocity, SLIGHT decrease in contractility of ventricles

Question 15

What effect does an increase in blood pressure have on baroreceptors?

Answer 15

increase in BP (or phenylephrine) -> increases baroreceptor firing -> increasing PNS, decreasing SNS

Question 16

What effect does a decrease in blood pressue have on baroreceptors?

Answer 16

decrease in BP (or histamine) -> decreases baroreceptor firing -> decreasing PNS, increasing SNS

Question 17

drugs that mimic ACH

Answer 17

AChR agonists

AChE inhibitors

Question 18

cholinergic-blocking drugs

Answer 18

AChR antagonists (atropine)

block muscarinic receptors, decreasing parasympathetic stimulation

Question 19

sympathomimetic agents

Answer 19

drugs that mimic or enhance alpha and beta receptor stimulation
agonists: enhance catecholamine release (drugs that block reuptake)

Question 20

adrenoreceptor-blocking drugs

Answer 20

alpha and beta receptor antagonists

Question 21

cardiac gycosides (Digoxin)

Answer 21

inhibit the Na/K-ATPase, increasing force of contraction and decreasing rate