Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharma > pharma chemo > Flashcards

pharma chemo Flashcards

1
Q

B-Lactam Antibiotics

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

mechanism of action of b lactams

A

inhibit transpeptidase enzyme» inhibit Cross-linking of peptidoglycan units →↓ Late steps in cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

inhibitors of Protein Synthesis

A

Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
linezolid

buy AT 30, CELL at 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase)

A

Escherichia coli and Klebsiella peumoniae
breakdown penicillins and cephalosporins by beta lactamase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

penicillin G

A

penicillin G is not through GIT , taken IV and IM
short duration, sensitive to b lactamase, narrow spectrum

قصير و ضيق و حساس

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

longest acting penicillin

A

Benzathine Penicillin G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

penicillin V

A

penicillin V is not IV
taken orally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Penicillins resistant to staphylococcal Beta lactamase

A

meth ox clox diclox naf for staph

meth ox clox diclox naf for staph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

adverse effect of methicillin

A

me ne
nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Extended spectrum epithelium

A

Ampicillin
Amoxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

anti pseudomonas penicillin

A

Carboxypenicillin
Ticarcillin

pseudo عربيات

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ureidopenicillins uses against

A

pseudomonas, proteus and Klebsiella pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pencillins released in bile

A

nafcillin
ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clavulanic acid + Amoxicillin

A

Co-Amoxiclav, E-Moxclav & Augmentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

β-Lactamase (Penicillinase) Enzymes Inhibitors

A

Clavulanic acid, Avibactam Sulbactam, Tazobactam &

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Clavulanic acid + Ticarcillin

A

Timentine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

uses of penicillin as prohylactic in

A

Streptococcal infection in Rheumatic fever
Bacterial endocarditis
Gonorrheal neonatal ophthalmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

augmentin =

A

calvulanic acid+amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

treat superinfection of Clostridium difficil -Antibiotic associated (Pseudomembranous) colitis- caused by penicillin by……..

A

Oral Vancomycin or Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

treat superinfection of candida albicans caused by penicillin by……..

A

Nystatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

only second generation cephalosporins pass BBB

A

Cefuroxime

يفر من ب ب ب

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

from second generation cephalosporins effective for anaerobes

A

cefoxitin
cefotetan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cefoperazone + Sulbactam

A

Sulprazone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

can bind to penicillinbinding protein 2a, a type that is expressed by MRSA. This characteristic is responsible for
its anti-MRSA activity.

A

Ceftaroline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Cephalosporins against pseudomonas
Ceftazidime Cefoperazone | pera zft
22
Cephalosporins against Gonorrhea:
Cephalosporins against
23
Cephalosporins against Gram-negative Meningitis
Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime
24
...........monobactams against..........
Aztreonam aerobic gram-negative | اللي يام نفسه حلو
25
how to avoid the nephrotoxic effect of carbapenems caused by dihydropeptidase enzyme
Imipenem + Cilastatin = Tienam.
25
Carbapenemsis inactivated by renal tubular enzyme called .......
dihydropeptidase enzyme
26
uses of Carbapenems
used IV in serious hospital acquired (nosocomial) infections.
27
vancomycin against .......
Gram +ve organisms
28
uses of vancomycin
Gram +ve organisms
29
Adverse Effects of vancomycin
a- Ototoxic. b- Nephrotoxic. c- Rapid IV infusion >> Histamine release >>Red man syndrome & Shock. | The Van is NOT RED
30
causes Red Man syndrome & shock
vancomycin
31
mechanism of action like vancomycin but by additional mechanisms including disruption of cell membrane permeability and inhibition of RNA synthesis.
oritavancin
32
It binds to the bacterial cell membrane leading to depolarization with potassium efflux and rapid cell death.
Daptomycin
32
Daptomycin moa
It binds to the bacterial cell membrane leading to depolarization with potassium efflux and rapid cell death.
33
side effects of Daptomycin
myopathy
34
is highly nephrotoxic when administered systemically and is only : used topically.
Bacitracin
35
Fosfomycin
Inhibits early steps of cell wall synthesis safe in pregnancy
35
Uses of Aminoglycosides
systemically used in serious gram-negative infections (Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter & Serratia), and Staphylococcal & Enterococcal infections. topically neomycin or gentamicin (Cream, ointment or Solution) in burns, wounds & skin lesions. Oral neomycin for gut de-contamination:
36
Toxicity of Aminoglycosides:
Nephrotoxicity ototoxicity (irreversible) teratogenicity neuromuscular blocker | NOT neuromuscular blocker
37
tetracycline absorption
Absorption is decreased by milk, Ca2+ Mg2+ Fe2+ & Al3— Chelation of tetracyclines.
38
# w Therapeutic Uses of Tetracyclines:
* Chlamydia rickettsia and Mycoplasma infections. * Mixed bacterial infections of, the respiratory tract (bronchiitis, sinusitis). * Venereal disease: e.g. syphilis, gonorrhea-in-penicillin-sensitive-patients. * Cholera: ttt & prophylaxis. * Amoebic dysentery * Acne
39
doxycycline excreted in | 159
stool
40
Side effects & Toxicity of Tetracyclines:
1. Teeth & Bone Abnormalities: a. Teeth: Permanent yellow-brown discoloration & Enamel dysplasia. b. Bone: Deformity & inhibition of growth. 2. Teratogenecity 3. Hepatotoxicity 4. Nephrotoxicity
41
Minocycline excreted in | 159
Tears, Saliva, Milk, Bile, Stool & Urine
42
causes fanconi syndrome
Tetracyclin
43
Adverse Effects of Chloramphenicol:
Bone Marrow Inhibition Gray Baby Syndrome:
44
marcolide antibiotics
Erythromycin Clarithromycin Azithromycin Fidaxomicin
45
antibiotics effective against helicobacter pylori
Clarithromycin
46
marcolide Effective in respiratory infections due to Haemophilus influenza
Azithromycin
47
marcolide Effective in Cl. difficle
Fidaxomicin
48
drug of CHOICE in Bordetella pertussis.
Macrolides
48
Drug of CHOICE in corynebactrial infections e.g. Diphtheria.
Macrolides
49
Drug of CHOICE in Chlamydial infection: Respiratory, Genital & ocular. Specially in Neonates & Pregnancy.
Macrolides
50
Drug of CHOICE in Atypical Pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma & Legionella.
Macrolides
51
Adverse Effects of Macrolides:
. Cholestatic jaundice. . Large doses of erythromycin — Reversible Ototoxicity. . Drug Interactions: . Erythromycin & Clarithromycin (NOT Azithromycin) inhibit Cytochrome P 450 —» decrease Metabolism of Theophylline, Carbamazepine & Warfarin — Toxic concentrations. Erythromycin inhibit intestinal flora — inhibit Metabolism of Digoxin — increase Its Absorption.
52
inhibit Metabolism of Digoxin — increase Its Absorption
Erythromycin
53
antibiotic causes cholestatic jaundice
erythromycin
54
Therapeutic uses of Clindamycin:
1. Bone & Teeth infections. 2. Intra-abdominal Anaerobic infections (Add Aminoglycosides) 3. Locally in acne vulgaris.
54
Adverse Effects of Clindamyegin:
1. Fatal pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile) treated by Vancomycin or Metronidazole. 2. GIT disturbances 3. Impaired Liver function.
55
Useful in drug resistant gram-positive cocci including vancomycin-resistant enterococci,
Linezolide
55
Useful in resistance enterococci & MRSA & VRSA
Streptogramin (30% Quinupristin + 70% Dalfopristin)
56
moa of quinolones
Bactericidal inhibit Bacterial Topoisomerase Il (DNA gyrase) & Topoisomerase IV enzymes Inhibition of DNA gyrase prevents the relaxation of supercoiled DNA required for normal transcription and replication.
57
FEirst Generation Quinolones:
Nalidixic acid
58
Third Generation Fluoroguinolonés:
Levofloxacin(Tavanic) & Moxifloxacin
58
Second Generation Fluoroguinolones:
NOC Norfloxaxin Ofloxacin Ciprofloxacin
59
Therapeutic uses of Quinolones
Infections of the urogenital & GIT tract caused by gram negative organisms. Respiratory, skin & soft tissue infection. Gonorrhea Resistant T.B Typical & atypical pneumonia | tract and TB
60
Adverse Effects of quinolones
Photosensitivity Chondrolytic— Reversible arthropathy — Avoid in pregnancy, lactation and in children up to age of 18 years. Rupture of tendons The 3 generation may cause prolongation of Q-T interval | the quinlones affect what attracted to bones
61
sulfonamides Useful in Meningococcal meningitis.
Sulphadiazine
62
sulfonamides Useful In bacillary dysentery.
Sulfaguanidine. Sulphathalidine.
63
sulfonamides Useful in Ulcertaive colitis.
Sulphasalazine
64
Adverse Effects of Sulfonamides
Allergy (Hypersensitivity): Blood dyscrasias: Crystaluria Diarrhea Damage Displace bilirubin >> Kermnictrus. Drug Interactions: a. Displace Warfarin & Tolbutamide — Initial increase in their activity. b. Methenamine — Releases Formaldehyde — Inactivates Sulfa.
64
Sulphonamides for Topical Use:Eye infections
Sulphacetamide
65
Contraindications of sulphonamides
a. Infants < 2 months - Kernictrus. b. Pregnancy and lactation - Kernictrus. c. Creatinine clearance < 15 ml / min.
66
moa of sulfonamides
* Compete with PABA >> inhibit Dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS) —{ Folic acid synthesis. Folic acid is essential for synthesis of bacterial purines & DNA. * Synergists: Inhibitors of DHFR e.g. Trimethoprim — Sequential block.
67

Pharma (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions