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Doc Keno > PHARMA & ANES > Flashcards

PHARMA & ANES Flashcards

1
Q

General order of the loss of function

A 
Pain
Cold
Warm
Touch
Proprioception
Motor
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2
Q

Loss of sensation of pain, temperature, pressure & motor function w/o loss of consciousness

A

Regional anesthesia

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3
Q

Deposition of anesthesia in proximity to the main trunk

A

Nerve block

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4
Q

The distance of nerve fibers that should be in contact w/ anesthetic solution for effective anesthesia

A

8-10mm

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5
Q

Examples of regional anesthesia

A

Spinal anes
Epidural anes
Nerve block

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6
Q

Examples of Nerve Block

A

Mandibular NB
Infraorbital NB
Maxillary NB

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7
Q

Most common mandi block

A

Classical IAN block

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8
Q

True mandi block

A

Gow gates

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9
Q

NB that targets mid premolar area

A

Infraorbital NB

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10
Q

Nerves affected in Infraorbital NB

A

ASAN

MSAN

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11
Q

Required needle depth:
A. Classical IAN Block
B. Maxilary NB

A

A. 20-25mm

B. 30mm

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12
Q

Nerve Block, local infiltration, intraligamentary, intrapulpal

A

…

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13
Q

2 types of Local Infiltration Anesthesia

A

Soft tissue infiltration

Intra-bony infiltration

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14
Q

Types of ST Infiltration

A

Submucosal
Supra-periosteal
Subperiosteum
Field block

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15
Q

Inserting the needle beneath the mucosa

A

Submucosal

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16
Q

Inserting the needle beside periosteum

A

Supra-periosteal

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17
Q

Inserting the needle beneath periosteum

A

Subperiosteum

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18
Q

Most common palatal injection

A

Nasopalatine NB

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19
Q

Used for hemostasis, ST anesthesia

A

Interseptal

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20
Q

Cortical plate is penetrated with special burs and the solution is injected into the spongy bone

A

Intra-osseous

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21
Q

For max & man infiltration
A. Labial injection
B. Lingual/Palatal injection

A

Requires
A. 1.5mL solution
B. 0.3mL solution to avoid pain

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22
Q

Repeat use of needle

A

Cause Clostridium tetani infection

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23
Q

Most common syringe

A

Breech-loading metallic cartridge aspirating

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24
Q

Syringe used for alcoholic injections

A

Luer-lock syringe

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25
Q

Needle is made up of

A

Stainless steel and disposable

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26
Q

Weakest portion of the needle

A

Hub

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27
Q

Most common reason of allergic reaction in anes

A

Preservative

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28
Q

Examples of preservatives

A 
Sodium bisulfite(0.5mg) - preserves vasocontrictor agents
Methylparaben(1mg) - preserves local anesthesia
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29
Q

Allergic reaction of local anes
A. Due to
B. What type of hypersensitivity reaction

A

A. Antigen-antibody reaction

B. Type IV

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30
Q

Increases the incidence and severity of allergic reaction

A

Rapid injection of the solution

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31
Q

Function of vasoconstrictors

A

Prolongs the anes effect by decreasing the absorption of anesthesia

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32
Q

Examples of vasoconstrictors

A

Epinephrine
Levonordefrin
Phenylephrine

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33
Q

What vasoconstrictor
A. Most toxic and most common
B. Less toxic
C. Weakest

A

A. Epinephrine
B. Levonordefrin
C. Phenylephrine

34
Q

Maximum dose of epi for healthy px

A

200mg

35
Q

Maximum dose of epi for cardiac risk px

A

40mg

36
Q

Overdose of epinephrine

A

Tachycardia

37
Q

Antidote/ epi-reversal

A

Phenoxybenzamine

38
Q

Most sensitive organ to epi

A

Thyroid Gland- Grave’s disease

39
Q

Maximum dose of Levonordefrin for normal px

A

300mg

40
Q

Isotonic solution in LA

A

NaCl/ Ringer’s solution (6mg)

Reduces discomfort during injection

41
Q

Thymol

A

An antibacterial & fungicidal

42
Q

Air bubbles injected into the tissue results to

A

Air embolism

43
Q

Most severe complications of LA

A

Cardiovascular toxicity

CNS toxicity

44
Q

MOA of LA

A

Prevents action potential by blocking Sodium Channels

45
Q

Allergic to both Ester & Amide

A

Use diphenhydramine

46
Q

Neutralizes the acidity of LA to achieve body pH

A

Sodium Bicarbonate

47
Q

Very first effective GA

A

Cocaine

48
Q

Very first effective LA

A

Procaine

49
Q

Most potent topical anes

A

Benzocaine 10% (1-2mm depth)

50
Q

Most potent vasodilator

A

Procaine

51
Q

The only vasoconstrictor

A

Cocaine

52
Q

10x more potent than procaine

Used for spinal anes

A

Tetracaine

53
Q

Ester

PLASMA by plasma cholinesterase (pseudocholinesterase)

A

Amide

LIVER by cytochrome p450

54
Q

The only amide metabolized in plasma

A

Articaine

55
Q

Study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes

A

Pharmacology

56
Q

Study of procurement, preparation and dispensing of drugs

A

Pharmacy

57
Q

Study of relation of individual’s genetic make-up to his response to specific drug

A

Pharmacogenomics

58
Q

Study that deals with the sources of drugs derived from plants, animals, physical and chemical properties of substances

A

Pharmacognosy

59
Q

Study how the body handles the drug

A

Pharmacokinetics

60
Q

Movemment of the drug from the site of administration to bloodstream

A

Absorption

61
Q

Passage of drug from circulation to the tissue site

A

Distribution

62
Q

Neutralization of the drug

A

Excretion

63
Q

Activation of the drug

A

Metabilosm / Biotransformation

64
Q

Lipid soluble & non ionized

Absorption

A

Lipid insoluble & ionized

Metabolism

65
Q

Phases of biotransformation

A

Phase I: Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis
Organ: Liver via cytochrome p450

Phase II: Glucoronidation, conjugation
Organ: Plasma via plasma cholinesterase

66
Q

Inactivates drug in body fluids by spontaneous molecular rearrangement without use of enzymes

A

Hoffman Elimination

67
Q

Implies that a constant fraction of a drug eliminated from the body per unit time

A

First Order Kinetics

68
Q

Drug administered in inactive form

A

Prodrug

69
Q

Main organ for excretion of drugs

A

Kidney via urine

70
Q

Study how the drugs affect the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

71
Q

Selective enhancement of the level of activity of specialized cells

A

Stimulation

72
Q

Selective diminution of activity of specialized cells

A

Depression

73
Q

Non selective, often noxious effect and is particularly applied to less specialized cell

A

Irritation

74
Q

Type of drug that uses natural metabolites, hormones or congeners in deficiency states

A

Replacement

75
Q

What drug stimulates the heart

A

Adrenaline

76
Q

What drug stimulates salivary glands

A

Pilocarpine

77
Q

What drug depresses CNS

A

Barbiturates

78
Q

What drug depresses the heart

A

Quinidine

79
Q

What drug depresses gastric acid secretion

A

Omeprazole

80
Q

Treatment for:
A. L-dopa
B. Insulin
C. Iron

A

A. Parkinson
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Anemia

81
Q

Are macromoleculea or binding site located on the surface or inside the effector cell that serves to recognize the signal and initiates response

A

Drug receptors

Doc Keno (2 decks)

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