Pharma 4 Flashcards
What do ganglionic blockers do?
Reduce the actions of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
Name two ganglionic deplolarising blockers: (agonist)
Nicotine/lobeline
nAChR agonists
Repeatedly stimulate receptors, not broken down by AChE
Name three non-depolarising blockers: (antagonists)
Kappa-bungarotoxin-irreversable
Trimethapan-used in surgery for hypotension crises
Tubocurarine/hexamethonium-dry mouth and skin, blurred vision, constipation, impotence
What does M1 do?
(neural)
Salivary glands-secretion of saliva
Gq
Ca2+ release from ER-secretion
What does M2 do?
(cardiac) Cardiac atria and conducting tissue Gi Cardiac slowing and force of contraction Opens potassium channels
What does M3 do?
(glandular) Smooth muscle of gut Gq Increase gut motility Ca2+ leads to contraction of smooth muscle in gut
Name three agonists of muscarinic receptors and what they are used for:
Carbacol and pilocarpine- eye drops, dry eyes, dry mouth
Bethanechol- promotes activity of smooth muscle of GI and urinary tract
What do muscarinic receptor agonists do?
Increase secretion Increase gut motility Constrict bladder Broncoconstriction Vasodilation
Name a muscarinic antagonist and what they do:
Atropine: Pupil dilation Decrease in secretion Increase in heart rate Broncodilation
Where are psudocholinesterases found and what do they do?
Widely found in plasma
Important in inactivating suxamethonium
What are the physiological effects of anticholinesterases?
Increase in secretion
Increase in gut motility
Respiratory failure
Hypotension
What is myasthenia gravis and how is it treated?
An auto immune disease caused by loss of NMJ nAChR
Neostigmine and Pyridostigmine
Name two drugs acting at the presynaptic terminal:
Reserpine
alpha-methyl DOPA
What does Reserpine do?
Inhibits NA uptake
General decrease in sympathetic function
What does alpha-methyl DOPA do?
Converted to alpha-methyl NA
Replaces and released instead of NA
Less potent than NA at alpha 2 receptors
