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Pharma 2 > Pharma 2 > Flashcards

Pharma 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cox1 inhibitor

A

Aspirin

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2
Q

ADP or P2Y12 receptors antagonist

A

Clopidogrel and ticagrelor

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3
Q

Difference between Clopidogrel and ticagrelor is

A

Clopidogrel action is irreversible

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4
Q

Higher the PTT

A

Lower risk of thrombosis

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5
Q

GP2b/3a receptors antagonist

A

Tirofiban

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6
Q

For acute coronary syndrome treatment use

A

Morphine, oxygen,nitrate,antiplatelet

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7
Q

Side effects of aspirin

A

Bleeding from GIT

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8
Q

Non selective indirect anticoagulant

A

Heparin,enoxaparin

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9
Q

Zymogen

A

Unactivated coagulation factors

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10
Q

Selective indirect inhibitor of factor 10a

A

Fondaparinux

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11
Q

Heparin forms a complex with AT 3

A

Increase activity of AT3, Indirect inhibition of 2a and 10a in 1:1 ratio

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12
Q

Heparin uses

A

DVT prevention and treatment and ACS

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13
Q

Side effects of heparin

A

Hemorrhage -give protamine sulphate antidote
Heparin induced Thrombocytopenia -formation of antibodies
Bleeding in lungs,GIT and brain
(Toxicology -give water,fresh frozen plasma-has coagulation factors)

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14
Q

Enoxaparin and fondaparinux difference

A

2:1or 4:1ratio

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15
Q

Selective Indirect inhibitor of factor 10a

A

Fondaparinux

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16
Q

Selective direct inhibitor of 10a

A

Rovaroxaban

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17
Q

Selective direct inhibitor of factor 2a

A

Dabigatran

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18
Q

Rovaroxaban and dabigatran are

A

DOAC(direct oral anticoagulant)

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19
Q

Neutraliser for dabigatran is

A

Idarucizumab

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20
Q

Vit K antagonist

A

Warfarin

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21
Q

Antidote for warfarin

A

Active vit K/phytamenadione

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22
Q

INR is less than 10 and no visible bleeding

A

Re check INR

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23
Q

Plasminogen activator

A

Alteplase(fibrinolytic effect)

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24
Q

Use of alteplase

A

ACS, pulmonary embolism, ischemic stroke therapy

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25
Q

Risk of alteplase

A

Intracranial haemorrhage

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26
Q

Fibrinolysis inhibitor

A

Tranexamic acid

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27
Q

Side effects of tranexamic acid

A

Seizures at high dose

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28
Q

Vasopressin receptor agonist

A

Desmopressin

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29
Q

Use of desmopressin

A

Haemophilia A or Von willebrands disease(stabilize coagulation factors),
Bleeding control on patient with prolonged blood flow time

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30
Q

Side effects of desmopressin

A

Vasospasm due to activation of V1 receptor, hypertension due to water reabsorption

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31
Q

Haemophilia A is

A

Deficiency of factor 8

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32
Q

Osmotic diuretic

A

Mannitol

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33
Q

Uses of mannitol

A

Increased intracranial pressure,acute glaucoma attack,acute renal failure

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34
Q

Side effects of mannitol

A

Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance

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35
Q

Prior diuretic action mannitol causes hyper hydration causing hypertensive effect and after diuresis cause hypotensive effect

A
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36
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

Acetazolamide

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37
Q

Side effects of acetazolamide

A

Metabolic acidosis

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38
Q

Uses of acetazolamide

A

Edema, glaucoma,acute mountain sickness

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39
Q

In AMS patient can go onto

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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40
Q

Loop diuretic

A

Furosemide and torasemide

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41
Q

Loop diuretic effect

A

Inhibitor of Na+K+2cl- transporter,uric acid retention,promotes sodium,K, cc l,mg,ca excretion

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42
Q

Use of loop diuretic

A

CHF,AH,edema due to liver or kidney disease, swelling of lungs,brain,burns

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43
Q

Side effects of loop diuretic

A

Hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, ototoxicity

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44
Q

Furosemide

A

Rapid action

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45
Q

Torasemide

A

Long effect

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46
Q

Thiazide like diuretics reduces excretion of

A

Calcium and uric acid

47
Q

Potassium sparring diuretic

A

Spironolactone,eplerenone

48
Q

Eplerenone is selective for

A

Kidney

49
Q

Effects of potassium sparring diuretic

A

Mild diuretic effect,antifibrotic effect,antiandrogenic effect

50
Q

Side effects of potassium sparring diuretic

A

Hyperkalemia, gynaecomastia and interactions with ACE inhibitor

51
Q

ACE inhibitors are

A

Captopril,enalapril,enalaprilat,perindopril

52
Q

Angiotensin 2first type (AT1) receptor blocker

A

Valsartan

53
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Nifedipine and amlodipine

54
Q

Diuretic agents

A

Furosemide,indapamide, spironolactone,hydrochlorothiazide

55
Q

Selective alpha 1 adrenoreceptor antagonist

A

Doxazosin

56
Q

Selective alpha 1 and non-selective beta adrenoreceptor antagonist

A

Labetalol and carvedilol

57
Q

Beta adrenoreceptor antagonist

A

2.gen: metaprolol and bisoprolol
3rd gen:nebivolol

58
Q

Selective central alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonist

A

Methyldopa

59
Q

Central alpha 2 adrenoreceptor and imidazole I1agonists

A

Clonidine

60
Q

Selective imidazolin I1 receptor agonists (SIRA)

A

Moxonidine

61
Q

NO modulators

A

Sodium nitroprusside and glycerol trinitrate

62
Q

Main factors affecting BP

A

Total peripheral resistance, circulating blood volume and cardiac minute volume

63
Q

Compensatory mechanism for reduced CMV is

A

Vasoconstriction

64
Q

Compensatory mechanism for reduced vascular tone is

A

Increased HR

65
Q

ACE inhibitors activity

A

Venous and arterial dilation,decreased cardiovascular remodelation ,decreased aldosterone secretion

66
Q

Side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

Dry cough due to increased bradykinin, hyperkalemia due to decrease in aldosterone and teratogenic

67
Q

Clinical use of ACE inhibitors

A

Arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure,coronary heart disease and diabetic nephropathy (captopril)

68
Q

ARB doesn’t affect bradykinin metabolism and examples are

A

Valsartan,candesartan,losartan

69
Q

Side effects of ARB

A

Hyperkalemia and teratogenic

70
Q

Clinical use of ARB

A

Arterial hypertension and chronic heart failure

71
Q

Side effects of calcium channel blockers

A

Constipation and peripheral edema

72
Q

Clinical uses of calcium channel blockers

A

Arterial hypertension,coronary heart disease, prevention of stable angina pectoris attack

73
Q

Clinical use of BAB

A

Reduce CMV through decrease contractility and heart rate ; peripheral vasodilation

74
Q

Side effects of doxazosin

A

First dose orthostatic hypotension and syncope, reflector tachycardia

75
Q

Clinical use SIRA

A

Arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome (increase insulin sensitivity).It decrease SNS activity.

76
Q

Side effects of clonidine

A

Bradycardia,dry mouth,sedation

77
Q

Clonidine use

A

Antihypertensive therapy in urgent situations

78
Q

Methyldopa (cross BBB) clinical use

A

Gestational hypertension

79
Q

NO modulators (sodium nitroprusside IV) use

A

Hypertensive emergency

80
Q

Labetalol use

A

Hypertensive emergency and urgencies

81
Q

What are the antihypertensive agents for emergency and urgent situations

A

Sodium nitroprusside and labetalol

82
Q

3rd gen beta blockers cause

A

Arterial and venous dilation

83
Q

Afterload is directly proportional to

A

Preload

84
Q

Peripheral resistance is related to the

A

Elasticity of BV

85
Q

Afterload is measured by

A

Systolic BP

86
Q

Cardiac minute volume is inversely proportional to peripheral vascular resistance

A
87
Q

Decreased oxygen supply by

A

decrease in blood flow,vessel calibre,perfusion pressure and increased HR and ventricular wall tension

88
Q

Increased oxygen demand is caused by

A

Increased HR, myocardial contractility, and ventricular wall tension, filling pressure (preload),and resistance to ejection (afterload)

89
Q

2ways to restore oxygen balance

A

Reduction of oxygen consumption and increase in oxygen delivery

90
Q

Oxygen consumption can be reduced by

A

Reduction of preload, afterload,and CMV

91
Q

Increased oxygen supply can be done by

A

Dilation of coronary blood vessel, negative chronotropic,decrease preload and afterload,decreased contractions

92
Q

Calcium channel worked on by the blockers in heart is

A

L type

93
Q

What type of calcium channel blockers are nifedipine and amlodipine

A

Dihydropiridine,causes vasodilation in arteries

94
Q

Nifedipine and amlodipine,does?

A

Decreased preload,inhibits calcium entry in smc

95
Q

Side effects of nifedipine and amlodipine

A

Headache, facial flushing,fatigue, peripheral edema,and constipation

96
Q

Non dihydropiridine blockers

A

Verapamil,ditiazem

97
Q

Non dihydropiridine blockers works on

A

Both blood vessels and smooth muscles in heart

98
Q

Non dihydropiridine blockers,action

A

Strong cardio depression,reduce CMV(HR and contractility); peripheral and coronary arterial dilation, diastole prolongation, reduced AV conduction

99
Q

Clinical presentation of CCB toxicity

A

Nausea, vomiting, metabolic acidosis, hypotension, hyperglycaemia,

100
Q

Treatment of CCB toxicity

A

Atropine, insulin, calcium chloride or calcium gluconate, epinephrine/dobutamine/norepinephrine

101
Q

Organk nitrates act on

A

Both veins and arteries

102
Q

NO donors and phosphodiesterase inhibitors together cause

A

Fatal hypotensive effect

103
Q

Ivabradin doesn’t work on patient without

A

Sinus rhythm (it needs sinus node fn to work)

104
Q

Ivabradin has less effect on

A

Lowering blood pressure,it only regulate HR

105
Q

Ivabradin work on

A

Na if channel

106
Q

Prolongation of QRS interwal

A

General arrythmia

107
Q

Prolongation of QT interwal

A

Ventricular arrythmia

108
Q

T wave

A

Ventricular repolarization

109
Q

Qrs

A

Ventricular repolarization

110
Q

Automatism is associated with

A

Chronotropic effect

111
Q

Beta blockers doesn’t inhibit

A

Repolarization of heart

112
Q

Extended QT interwal means,it has

A

Proarryhthmic effect

113
Q

Tosade de pointes is treatment by

A

Magnesium and lidocaine

Pharma 2 (1 decks)

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