Pharma 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Cox1 inhibitor
A
Aspirin
2
Q
ADP or P2Y12 receptors antagonist
A
Clopidogrel and ticagrelor
3
Q
Difference between Clopidogrel and ticagrelor is
A
Clopidogrel action is irreversible
4
Q
Higher the PTT
A
Lower risk of thrombosis
5
Q
GP2b/3a receptors antagonist
A
Tirofiban
6
Q
For acute coronary syndrome treatment use
A
Morphine, oxygen,nitrate,antiplatelet
7
Q
Side effects of aspirin
A
Bleeding from GIT
8
Q
Non selective indirect anticoagulant
A
Heparin,enoxaparin
9
Q
Zymogen
A
Unactivated coagulation factors
10
Q
Selective indirect inhibitor of factor 10a
A
Fondaparinux
11
Q
Heparin forms a complex with AT 3
A
Increase activity of AT3, Indirect inhibition of 2a and 10a in 1:1 ratio
12
Q
Heparin uses
A
DVT prevention and treatment and ACS
13
Q
Side effects of heparin
A
Hemorrhage -give protamine sulphate antidote
Heparin induced Thrombocytopenia -formation of antibodies
Bleeding in lungs,GIT and brain
(Toxicology -give water,fresh frozen plasma-has coagulation factors)
14
Q
Enoxaparin and fondaparinux difference
A
2:1or 4:1ratio
15
Q
Selective Indirect inhibitor of factor 10a
A
Fondaparinux
16
Q
Selective direct inhibitor of 10a
A
Rovaroxaban
17
Q
Selective direct inhibitor of factor 2a
A
Dabigatran
18
Q
Rovaroxaban and dabigatran are
A
DOAC(direct oral anticoagulant)
19
Q
Neutraliser for dabigatran is
A
Idarucizumab
20
Q
Vit K antagonist
A
Warfarin
21
Q
Antidote for warfarin
A
Active vit K/phytamenadione
22
Q
INR is less than 10 and no visible bleeding
A
Re check INR
23
Q
Plasminogen activator
A
Alteplase(fibrinolytic effect)
24
Q
Use of alteplase
A
ACS, pulmonary embolism, ischemic stroke therapy
25
Risk of alteplase
Intracranial haemorrhage
26
Fibrinolysis inhibitor
Tranexamic acid
27
Side effects of tranexamic acid
Seizures at high dose
28
Vasopressin receptor agonist
Desmopressin
29
Use of desmopressin
Haemophilia A or Von willebrands disease(stabilize coagulation factors),
Bleeding control on patient with prolonged blood flow time
30
Side effects of desmopressin
Vasospasm due to activation of V1 receptor, hypertension due to water reabsorption
31
Haemophilia A is
Deficiency of factor 8
32
Osmotic diuretic
Mannitol
33
Uses of mannitol
Increased intracranial pressure,acute glaucoma attack,acute renal failure
34
Side effects of mannitol
Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance
35
Prior diuretic action mannitol causes hyper hydration causing hypertensive effect and after diuresis cause hypotensive effect
36
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Acetazolamide
37
Side effects of acetazolamide
Metabolic acidosis
38
Uses of acetazolamide
Edema, glaucoma,acute mountain sickness
39
In AMS patient can go onto
Respiratory alkalosis
40
Loop diuretic
Furosemide and torasemide
41
Loop diuretic effect
Inhibitor of Na+K+2cl- transporter,uric acid retention,promotes sodium,K, cc l,mg,ca excretion
42
Use of loop diuretic
CHF,AH,edema due to liver or kidney disease, swelling of lungs,brain,burns
43
Side effects of loop diuretic
Hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, ototoxicity
44
Furosemide
Rapid action
45
Torasemide
Long effect
46
Thiazide like diuretics reduces excretion of
Calcium and uric acid
47
Potassium sparring diuretic
Spironolactone,eplerenone
48
Eplerenone is selective for
Kidney
49
Effects of potassium sparring diuretic
Mild diuretic effect,antifibrotic effect,antiandrogenic effect
50
Side effects of potassium sparring diuretic
Hyperkalemia, gynaecomastia and interactions with ACE inhibitor
51
ACE inhibitors are
Captopril,enalapril,enalaprilat,perindopril
52
Angiotensin 2first type (AT1) receptor blocker
Valsartan
53
Calcium channel blockers
Nifedipine and amlodipine
54
Diuretic agents
Furosemide,indapamide, spironolactone,hydrochlorothiazide
55
Selective alpha 1 adrenoreceptor antagonist
Doxazosin
56
Selective alpha 1 and non-selective beta adrenoreceptor antagonist
Labetalol and carvedilol
57
Beta adrenoreceptor antagonist
2.gen: metaprolol and bisoprolol
3rd gen:nebivolol
58
Selective central alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonist
Methyldopa
59
Central alpha 2 adrenoreceptor and imidazole I1agonists
Clonidine
60
Selective imidazolin I1 receptor agonists (SIRA)
Moxonidine
61
NO modulators
Sodium nitroprusside and glycerol trinitrate
62
Main factors affecting BP
Total peripheral resistance, circulating blood volume and cardiac minute volume
63
Compensatory mechanism for reduced CMV is
Vasoconstriction
64
Compensatory mechanism for reduced vascular tone is
Increased HR
65
ACE inhibitors activity
Venous and arterial dilation,decreased cardiovascular remodelation ,decreased aldosterone secretion
66
Side effects of ACE inhibitors
Dry cough due to increased bradykinin, hyperkalemia due to decrease in aldosterone and teratogenic
67
Clinical use of ACE inhibitors
Arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure,coronary heart disease and diabetic nephropathy (captopril)
68
ARB doesn't affect bradykinin metabolism and examples are
Valsartan,candesartan,losartan
69
Side effects of ARB
Hyperkalemia and teratogenic
70
Clinical use of ARB
Arterial hypertension and chronic heart failure
71
Side effects of calcium channel blockers
Constipation and peripheral edema
72
Clinical uses of calcium channel blockers
Arterial hypertension,coronary heart disease, prevention of stable angina pectoris attack
73
Clinical use of BAB
Reduce CMV through decrease contractility and heart rate ; peripheral vasodilation
74
Side effects of doxazosin
First dose orthostatic hypotension and syncope, reflector tachycardia
75
Clinical use SIRA
Arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome (increase insulin sensitivity).It decrease SNS activity.
76
Side effects of clonidine
Bradycardia,dry mouth,sedation
77
Clonidine use
Antihypertensive therapy in urgent situations
78
Methyldopa (cross BBB) clinical use
Gestational hypertension
79
NO modulators (sodium nitroprusside IV) use
Hypertensive emergency
80
Labetalol use
Hypertensive emergency and urgencies
81
What are the antihypertensive agents for emergency and urgent situations
Sodium nitroprusside and labetalol
82
3rd gen beta blockers cause
Arterial and venous dilation
83
Afterload is directly proportional to
Preload
84
Peripheral resistance is related to the
Elasticity of BV
85
Afterload is measured by
Systolic BP
86
Cardiac minute volume is inversely proportional to peripheral vascular resistance
87
Decreased oxygen supply by
decrease in blood flow,vessel calibre,perfusion pressure and increased HR and ventricular wall tension
88
Increased oxygen demand is caused by
Increased HR, myocardial contractility, and ventricular wall tension, filling pressure (preload),and resistance to ejection (afterload)
89
2ways to restore oxygen balance
Reduction of oxygen consumption and increase in oxygen delivery
90
Oxygen consumption can be reduced by
Reduction of preload, afterload,and CMV
91
Increased oxygen supply can be done by
Dilation of coronary blood vessel, negative chronotropic,decrease preload and afterload,decreased contractions
92
Calcium channel worked on by the blockers in heart is
L type
93
What type of calcium channel blockers are nifedipine and amlodipine
Dihydropiridine,causes vasodilation in arteries
94
Nifedipine and amlodipine,does?
Decreased preload,inhibits calcium entry in smc
95
Side effects of nifedipine and amlodipine
Headache, facial flushing,fatigue, peripheral edema,and constipation
96
Non dihydropiridine blockers
Verapamil,ditiazem
97
Non dihydropiridine blockers works on
Both blood vessels and smooth muscles in heart
98
Non dihydropiridine blockers,action
Strong cardio depression,reduce CMV(HR and contractility); peripheral and coronary arterial dilation, diastole prolongation, reduced AV conduction
99
Clinical presentation of CCB toxicity
Nausea, vomiting, metabolic acidosis, hypotension, hyperglycaemia,
100
Treatment of CCB toxicity
Atropine, insulin, calcium chloride or calcium gluconate, epinephrine/dobutamine/norepinephrine
101
Organk nitrates act on
Both veins and arteries
102
NO donors and phosphodiesterase inhibitors together cause
Fatal hypotensive effect
103
Ivabradin doesn't work on patient without
Sinus rhythm (it needs sinus node fn to work)
104
Ivabradin has less effect on
Lowering blood pressure,it only regulate HR
105
Ivabradin work on
Na if channel
106
Prolongation of QRS interwal
General arrythmia
107
Prolongation of QT interwal
Ventricular arrythmia
108
T wave
Ventricular repolarization
109
Qrs
Ventricular repolarization
110
Automatism is associated with
Chronotropic effect
111
Beta blockers doesn't inhibit
Repolarization of heart
112
Extended QT interwal means,it has
Proarryhthmic effect
113
Tosade de pointes is treatment by
Magnesium and lidocaine
