Pharma 2 Flashcards
For which of Routes of drug administration we use glyceryl trinitrate and nifedipine ?
Sublingual
We use glyceryl trinitrate for what ?
used in cases of acute angina(chest pain)
We use nifedipine for what ?
used for severe hypertension).
What are The most common muscle that is used in drug administration
1-gluteus maximus 2- deltoid muscle 3- rectus femoris 4-triceps
The most common sites that are used in drug administration ( subcutaneous)
1- Abdomen 2- thigh muscle
E.g. insulin injection
Intradermal it mainly used for what ?
hypersensitivity tests.
What are The most common vein that is used in drug administration ?
cubital fossa region in the elbow: Median antecubital, cephalic and basilic veins
Routes by which drug molecules cross cell membranes
Drug Absorption
Fraction of a dose of drug that is absorbed from its site of administration and reaches the systemic circulation in an unchanged form
Bioavailability
Only In intravenously inserted drugs the Bioavailability would be 100% (Why) ?
because we are going to administer the drug to the systemic circulation directly
A drug given by i.v.(intravenous) will have an bioavailability كم ؟
100% 🥳🥳🥳🥳
while drugs given by other routes have Bioavailability كم ؟
<100 %.
gave me E.g.s for High 1st pass effect
Propranolol Morphine
Diazepam
Lidocaine
Some amount of drug will be affected (why) ?
Because of the :
1- acidic environment and digestive
2-enzymes
Reversible transfer of a drug between what ?
1- the blood
2- the extra-vascular fluids & tissues of the body”
Acidic drugs have strong affinity toward ……
albumin protein
Basic drugs have strong affinity toward …..
And gave me an e.x ?
acid 1 alpha glycoprotein
E.x Propranolol
aqueous channel mainly seen in ….
1Epithelial cells ( they have very tight junctions )
2- glomerular filtration ( filtration of blood in kidneys)
3-Jejunal part of small intestine
Because of the pharmacokinetics , drugs are administered …..
differently
Study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion…..
Pharmacokinetics
What are the 5 Routes of Drug Administration ?
1-Oral Route 2- Inhalation Route 3- Topical Route 4- Rectal Route 5- Parenteral Route
Oral route It is the most common route which is used for drug administration. Why ?
- easy to administer
2. painless
Some of it’s characterises are:
- Irritant drugs(e.g. anti cancer drugs) can be administered
- The accurate dose can be monitored
Intravenous route
TOW ROUTES, commonly used in emergency cases. ?
1- Intravenous route
2- Sublingual
Which of parenteral routes charcuterie which this ⬇️⬇️ :
The answer of action is much faster ( not equivalent to intravenous but much faster than the oral route )
Intramuscular
- 90 degree needs to be maintained
Intramuscular
10 - 15 degree needs to be maintained
Intradermal
45 degree needs to be maintained
Subcutaneous
25 degree needs to be maintained in order to inject the drug into the veins
Intravenous
doesn’t require energy (ATP)
passive transport
required energy
active transport
can’t be inhabited by any other substance ….
simple diffusion
by carrier mediated (they are protein mediated transport system), only some selected drugs such as …..
(e.g. levodopa)
drugs absorbed better in stomach
Acidic
Which of drugs absorbed better in intestine ?
basic
Another important things in drug absorption , they affect the rate and amount of absorption?
are PH and ionization
If the the molecule undergo ionization
What will happen ?
will lose lipid solubility and they become not able to diffuse easily in cell membrane (they may need channels)
Gave me E.g.s of High 1st pass effect ?
1-Propranolol
2-Morphine
3-Diazepam
4-Lidocaine
