Pharma Flashcards
Describe beta blockers
End in (-olol)
Block beta adrenergic receptors, block activation of sympathetic nervous system
CAD, HTN, arrhythmias
Decreases HR, BP, dialates blood vessels, broncho constriction, reduces afterload
Adverse effecsts: Orthoastatic hypotension, dizziness, lightheadedness, ringing in ears, venous pooling, bradycardia
Describe Ca channel blockers
End in (-pine / -zem)
Block entry of calcium into cardiac tissue, reduces contractility and vaso constriction
Decreases HR and BP
CAD, HTN, arrhythmias
Side effecst: same as beta blockers
Does not cause broncho constriction, ok for COPD pts
Describe loop diuretics
Lasix, furosemide
Inhibit reabsorption of water and electolytes at loop of henle
Water and electolytes removed from body, reduced pre and after load
HTN, CHF, edema, pulmonary edema
Side effects: decreased electolytes, dehydration
Describe potassium sparing diuretics
Spironolactone
Removes water and electrolytes, potasium not removed
CHF, HTN
Side effects: electolyte loss, hyperkalemia, gynecomastia
Describe thiazides
Hydrochlorothiazide
Block sodium and chloride channels, inhibit sodium and water reabsorptio
HTN, CHF, Edema
CaLUG - hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, hyperlipedemia, hyperglycemia
Describe ACE inhibitors
End in (-pril)
Blocks angiotensen converting enzyme, sodium and water removed from body, potassium retained
CHF, HTN
Dry hackig cough
Describe ARB blockers
End in (-sartan)
Blocks ACE receptors
HTN, CHF
Hypotension, dizziness, lightheadedness, fatigue, hyperkalemia
Describe digitalis
Digitoxin, lanoxin, cardiac glycosides
Slows HR, increases contraction strength
Systolic dysfunction in CHF
Short term use
Digitoxin toxicity: arrhythmias, palpitations, fatigue, Gi disturbances, visual disturbances, hyperkalemia, confusion, delirium
Describe nitrates
Vasodilation of arteries and veins
Angina pectoris, administered under tongue, 3 doeses, one every 5 minutes
Dizziness, lightheadedness, orthostaic hypotension, headache, flushing, reflrex tachycardia
Describe blood thinners
Anticoagulants - warfarin, coumadin, heparin
Prevents clotting factors
DVT, stroke, MI
Easy bleeding, bruising hemorrhage, lightheadedness
INR 2-3 ok if taking blood thinners
Describe anti platelets
Prevent aggregation of platelets
Prevent stroke, MI
Peptic ulcer, gastritis, risk of internal bleeding
Describe NSAIDs
non steroidal antiinflammatord drugs
Aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen
Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic
Gastric ulcer, bleeding, nausea, vomiting
Describe acetaminophen
Tylenol
Antipyretic, analgesic, headache
Overuse can damage liver, no more than 6 a day
Describe opiod analgesics
Morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, methadone
Works at CNS to decrease neuronal excitability
Severe pain, post op pain
Respiratory and CNS depression, bradychardia, constipation, slowed breathing, dizziness, drowsiness, slowness, addition, tolerance
Naloxone - overdose
Describe anticonvulsant drugs
Diazepam, lamium, clonazepam, xanax
inhibits GABA in CNS
Muscle spasm, anxiety, insomnia, alchohol withdrawl, acute epileptic attacks
Side effects: tolerance, dizziness, hallucinations, drowsiness, sedation, fatigue, hypotonia, increased risk of falls
Describe skeleta muscle relaxants
Baclofen
Neuro pts
Reduces muscle spasticity
Hypotonia, confusion, hallucinations
Describe botox
Muscle relaxant used in CP
Works in CNS
Describe bronchidilators
Beta-2 agonists
Bronchodilation
Asthma, COPD
Describe antibacterial drugs
Penecilin, cephalosporin, vancomycin, gentamicin
Treat bacterial infections
Describe
levodopa
Corticosteroids
Phenytoin
Lipitor
Lyrica
Levodopa - parkinsons
Corticosteroids - respratory disease
Phenytoin - seizures, anti epileptic, convulsion
Lipitor (statin) - cholesterol reducing - avoid use with apririn
Lyrica - neuropathic pain
