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EMR > Pharma > Flashcards

Pharma Flashcards

1
Q

Somatotropin side effects

A

Myalgia arthralgia
Perpheral edema

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2
Q

Mescarmine

A

Recombinant IGF1

Side effects : hypoglycaemia, IC HTN, Increased liver enzymes

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3
Q

Octreotide, lanreotide

A

Somatostatin receptor agonist

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4
Q

Octreotide side effects

A

GI disturbance
Gall stones
Bradycardia
Cardiac conduction anomalies

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5
Q

Pegvisomant

A

GH receptor antagonist

ACROMEGALY

Increased liver enzymes

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6
Q

Agonist of Vasopressin V2 receptors

A

Desmopressin

Uses: pituitary diabetes insipidus , haemophilia A nd vWBF
Side effect: hyponatremia

Vasopressin: DI plus esophageal varices

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7
Q

Conivaptan

A

Vasopressin receptor antagonists: V1a and V2 for hyponatremia

Tolvaptan: selective for V2(hepatotoxic if more than 30 days)

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8
Q

Atosiban

A

Antagonist of oxytocin receptor

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9
Q

Levothroxine T4
Liothyronine T3

A

Treatment for hypothyroidism
T4 more suitable

Toxicity= thyrotoxicosis, elderly, heart patients, ones wd long-standing myxedema (give lower doses)

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10
Q

Methimazole
Propyluracil(okay to give in pregnancy)

A

Inhibit peroxidase, iodination, coupling and peripheral conversion of T3 and T4.
Slow onset as will effect future formation

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11
Q

Agranulocytosis and hepatitis

A

Methimazol
PTU

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12
Q

What to give in thyroid storm and for surgical resection of hyperactive thyroid

A

Lugol solutions : iodine and KI
Saturated solution of KI

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13
Q

Iodide salts

A

Reduce release of thyroid
Inhibit iodination of tyrosine

Rapid onset
Escape= transient

Metallic taste, bleeding disorder

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14
Q

131 IODINE

A

Permanent cure to thyrotoxicosis

Wdout harm to other tissues
Contraindications in pregnancy

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15
Q

Inhibitors of iodide uptake

A

SCN -
CLO4- (aplastic anemia)

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16
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

I 131
B blockers : prpranolol (also inhibit periphery conversion of T4)

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17
Q

Amiodarone (anti arrhythmic) associated hypothyroidism

A

Give thyroid hormones

18
Q

Amiodarone associated hypothyroidism

A

Thioamides like methimazole or PTU

19
Q

Inhibitors of perpheral conversion of T4 to T3

A

Thioamides
Propranolol
Amiodarone

Iodinated radiocontrast media=
Oral diatrizoate
IV iohexol

20
Q

Parenteraltreatment of osteoporosis

A

Teriparatide analog of PTH

21
Q

Inhibitors of vitamin D

A

Phosphate
Fibroblast growth factor 23
Vit D metabolites

+PTH

22
Q

Uses of Vitamin D, its metabolites

A

Nutritional deficiency
Intestinal dystrophy
CKD
Liver disease
Hypo parathyroidism
Nephrotic syndrome

With Ca supplements: osteoporosis

Psoriasis

23
Q

Calcitriol active form

A

It is given in condition where Vit D activation is impaired e.g CKD, liver disease, hypoparathyroidism
Secondary hyperparathyroidism

24
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Calcitriol is given but it increases hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria.
So we give
DOXERCALCIFEROL: converted in liver to 1,25 D
PARICALCITOL: 19-nor 1,25D2
CALCIPOTRIENE:

25
Q

Calcitonin (injection/nasal spray)

A

When acute reduction of serum Ca is needed

✅paget disease
✅hypercalcemia
✅ osteoporosis

26
Q

Raloxifene

A

Estrogen and SERM
Prevents and prevents bone loss in postmenopausal women

⚠️ hot flashes
Thromboembolism

27
Q

Bisphosphonates

A

Inhibit osteoclasts (farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase)
Reduce both resorption and formation

Paget disease
Osteoporosis malignancy hyperCa

Diff dosages
⚠️gastric and esophageal irritation
Renal damage and osteonecrosis of jaw

Take water alot

28
Q

Denosumab

A
  • RANKL
    -osteoclasts

✅menopause osteoporosis

SC inj. Every 6 months

29
Q

Cinacalet

A

Activate Ca sensing receptors in parathyroid and reduce PTH

Secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD
⚠️hypoCa

30
Q

Toxicity of oestrogen

A

Endometrial cancer, breasr cancer
MI
Thromboembolism
Migraine
Oral gives more hepatic effects

31
Q

Toxicity of progesterone

A

High BP
DECREASE HDL
Decreased bone density

32
Q

Toxicity of OCPS

A

Thromboembolism
Breast cancer
Nausea, breast tenderness, headache, skin pigmentation, depression

33
Q

Older progestins have an androgenic effect

A

L- norgestrel
Norethinedrone

Newer are. Norgestimate, desogestrel.

34
Q

Tamoxifen

A

SERM
Antagonist: breast cancer✅, hot flushes,
Agonist: endometrial hyperplasia, venous thrombosis ,bone

35
Q

Raloxifene

A

Osteoporosis in post menopause: partial agonist effect, venous thrombosis
Antagonist: breast CA, hot flushes,

No effect on endometrial lining

36
Q

Clomiphene

A

Partial agonist
Induces ovulation who are trying
Block est receptors in pitutary, reduces negative feed back so FAH and LH increase : ovulation

37
Q

To give in menopause

A

Bazedoxfene

38
Q

What if breast cancer is resistant to tamoxifen

A

Fulvestrant : pure receptor antagonist

39
Q

Aromatase inhibitors

A

Anastrozole
Exemestane

40
Q

Danazol

A

Weak partial agonist of progestin, androgen glucocorticoids
Inhibit p450 cytochrome enzymes
Treats endometriosis, fibrocystic disease of breast

41
Q

Leuprolide

A

GnRH agonist: supresses gonadotropin secretion
Inhibit ovarian production of est and prog
Treat fibroids, endometriosis (<6 months) precociously puberty

Ganirelix,cetrorelix: controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.

EMR (2 decks)

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