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Pharma 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the therapeutic blood level range for Dilantin?

A

10-20 mg/dL

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2
Q

What is the primary use of hydantoins?

A

To depress abnormal neuronal charges and prevent the spread of seizures

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3
Q

What are common adverse reactions associated with hydantoins?

A
  • Gingival hyperplasia
  • Alopecia
  • Polyphagia
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Polydipsia
  • Blood dyscrasias
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4
Q

What condition can result from blood dyscrasias due to hydantoins?

A

Anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

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5
Q

What are signs of anemia that may occur due to hydantoins?

A
  • Pallor
  • Tachycardia
  • Cracked lips
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6
Q

What precaution should be taken when discontinuing hydantoins?

A

Seizure precaution to prevent rebound seizure

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7
Q

What dental hygiene practice is recommended for patients taking hydantoins?

A

Use a soft bristle toothbrush

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8
Q

What IV solution should never be mixed with hydantoins?

A

Dextrose

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9
Q

What is the purpose of using normal saline with hydantoins?

A

To prevent drug precipitation

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10
Q

What safety precaution should patients taking hydantoins engage in?

A

Engage in alerting activity

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11
Q

True or False: Patients taking hydantoins should be encouraged to get a driver’s license.

A

False

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12
Q

What is the antidote for hydantoin toxicity?

A

Hemodialysis

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13
Q

What is the immediate treatment for hydantoin overdose?

A

Activated charcoal

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

What is a narcotic?

A

Derived from the opium plant

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16
Q

Which narcotic is the least potent?

A

Codeine

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17
Q

How much more potent is fentanyl citrate compared to morphine?

A

50x

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18
Q

What is the brand name for hydromorphone HCL?

A

Dilaudid, Exalgo

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19
Q

What is meperidine HCL commonly known as?

A

Demerol

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20
Q

What is the primary indication for meperidine?

A

Intractable pain

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21
Q

What is the drug of choice (DOC) for narcotic withdrawal?

A

Methadone HCL

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22
Q

What is oxycodone commonly marketed as?

A

Oxycontin

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23
Q

What is the classification of Tigan (trimethobenzamide)?

A

Antiemetic drug

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24
Q

What is the action of opioid agonists?

A

They bind to opiate receptors in the PNS and CNS

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25
What do drugs that stimulate the opiate receptor mimic?
Endorphins
26
What is intractable pain often associated with?
Cancer pain
27
What is the DOC for treating intractable pain?
Antidepressant
28
What is a common adverse reaction of narcotics?
Respiratory depression
29
What is orthostatic hypotension?
A drop in BP of at least 20 mmHg when changing positions
30
What indicates brain death in terms of pupil size?
Pupil size of 10mm
31
What are some side effects of meperidine?
*Tremors *Palpitation *Tachycardia *Delirium
32
Fill in the blank: Morphine is indicated for _______.
[chronic pain]
33
True or False: Flushing and urticaria can be signs of an allergic reaction to narcotics.
True
34
What is the common pupil size for poor vision?
4-5 mm
35
36
What is the primary use of NSAIDs?
To combat inflammation ## Footnote NSAIDs have anti-inflammatory properties similar to those of aspirin.
37
What are the three effects of NSAIDs?
* Anti-inflammatory * Analgesic * Antipyretic ## Footnote These effects help in pain relief and reducing fever.
38
What adverse reaction can NSAIDs cause related to the gastrointestinal system?
Abdominal pain related to gastritis ## Footnote This occurs due to decreased production of GI protectors.
39
What condition is a contraindication for NSAID use?
Peptic Ulcer Disease ## Footnote This condition increases the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
40
What should be monitored if a patient is on anticoagulants and NSAIDs?
Bleeding ## Footnote If bleeding occurs, the next dose should be withheld and the healthcare provider notified.
41
What should be done if a patient shows signs of anorexia while on NSAIDs?
Offer food from home if indicated ## Footnote Asking for the patient's favorite food can encourage eating.
42
What does diarrhea greater than three times a day indicate for a patient on NSAIDs?
Notify the MD ## Footnote This could lead to fluid and electrolyte loss.
43
What is a serious gastrointestinal symptom that can result from NSAIDs?
Melena ## Footnote This indicates possible ulceration or gastritis.
44
What is a potential liver-related adverse effect of NSAIDs?
Hepatotoxicity ## Footnote Early signs include nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, and right upper quadrant pain.
45
What neurological symptoms might indicate an adverse reaction to NSAIDs?
* Dizziness * Confusion ## Footnote These symptoms may reflect a change in level of consciousness.
46
What should be done to prevent NSAIDs from lodging in the esophagus?
Administer oral NSAIDs with 8 ounces of water ## Footnote This ensures adequate passage through the gastrointestinal tract.
47
When should a patient's vital signs be taken after administering NSAIDs?
15-30 minutes after taking the medication ## Footnote This helps monitor for any immediate adverse reactions.
48
What is a recommended practice when giving NSAIDs to minimize gastrointestinal reactions?
Give drugs with milk or meals ## Footnote This can help buffer the stomach and reduce irritation.
49
What do anxiolytics prevent?
Anxiety symptoms ## Footnote Anxiolytics are medications used to alleviate anxiety.
50
List some common anxiolytics.
* Librium * Equanil * Atarax * Valium * Serax ## Footnote These medications are classified as minor tranquilizers.
51
What are potential side effects of anxiolytics?
* Leukopenia * Hypotension * Fever * Infection * Anorexia ## Footnote These side effects can arise during the use of anxiolytics.
52
Where are anxiolytics extensively metabolized?
Liver ## Footnote Liver metabolism is crucial for the breakdown of these medications.
53
What should be monitored when using anxiolytics?
Liver function tests ## Footnote Liver function tests are essential for assessing any interferences with drug metabolism.
54
True or False: Tolerance can develop with the use of anxiolytics.
True ## Footnote Tolerance can lead to the need for higher doses over time.
55
What is the antidote for anxiolytics?
Flumazenil (Romazicon) ## Footnote Flumazenil is used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepines.
56
What are the effects of Flumazenil?
* Sedation * 1002 HR * URK ## Footnote Flumazenil can help manage sedation levels and is particularly useful in elderly clients.
57
What is a notable characteristic of Flumazenil's metabolism?
Not reliant on liver metabolism ## Footnote This makes Flumazenil a safer option for certain patients.
58
59
What is the primary use of Phenobarbital?
Treatment of grand mal seizures and tonic-clonic seizures ## Footnote Phenobarbital is a type of barbiturate used in epilepsy management.
60
What are the common symptoms associated with seizures?
Unconsciousness, dilated pupils, incontinence ## Footnote These symptoms can vary based on the type and severity of the seizure.
61
What is the drug of choice (DOC) for the treatment of Status epilepticus?
Diazepam ## Footnote Diazepam is a benzodiazepine that helps in rapid seizure control.
62
What is the main goal of management during a seizure?
Protect head, maintain airway, observe ## Footnote These steps are crucial for patient safety during a seizure episode.
63
What is the role of Clorazepate in epilepsy treatment?
Used with other antiepileptic agents to control partial seizures ## Footnote Clorazepate is a benzodiazepine that can be combined for better seizure management.
64
What is Dilantin used for in epilepsy management?
Maintenance drug to prevent future seizure attacks ## Footnote Dilantin is also known as Phenytoin, an important antiepileptic medication.
65
Fill in the blank: The primary class of drugs used for treating grand mal seizures is _______.
[Barbiturates] ## Footnote Barbiturates like Phenobarbital are effective in managing these types of seizures.
66
True or False: Benzodiazepines are not effective in managing seizures.
False ## Footnote Benzodiazepines, such as Diazepam, are effective in controlling seizures.
67
What type of seizure is characterized by muscle stiffness and jerking?
Tonic-clonic seizure ## Footnote Tonic-clonic seizures involve both tonic (stiffening) and clonic (jerking) phases.
68
What is the primary action of amphetamines?
Release of catecholamines (NE from stored sites near terminals) and block reuptake of dopamine & NE ## Footnote Amphetamines also inhibit the action of MAO and have a stimulating effect on the cerebral cortex.
69
What is Doxapram (Dopram) classified as?
Respiratory stimulant ## Footnote Doxapram is used to stimulate breathing in certain medical conditions.
70
What is the effect of Methylphenidate (Ritalin) on the brain?
Suppresses the release of its natural stimulant ## Footnote Methylphenidate is commonly used to treat ADHD.
71
What is Pemoline (Cylert) used for?
Treatment of ADHD ## Footnote Pemoline is another stimulant medication used in ADHD management.
72
What does negative feedback refer to in the context of hyperthyroidism?
174 LTSH ## Footnote Negative feedback involves the regulation of hormone levels in the body.
73
What is caffeine classified as?
Stimulant affecting heart, CNS, and gastrointestinal tract ## Footnote Caffeine increases acid production in the stomach.
74
Fill in the blank: To convert mmols to mg, you multiply by _______.
18 ## Footnote This formula is used in pharmacology and biochemistry for conversions.
75
Fill in the blank: To convert mg to mmol, you divide by _______.
18 ## Footnote This is the reverse calculation for converting mass to molarity.
76
What could a cholesterol level of 17.6 mg/dL indicate?
Potential cancer or malnutrition ## Footnote Elevated cholesterol levels can be associated with various health issues.
77
What is the conversion of 6.3 mmols to mg?
118 mg ## Footnote This conversion is important for understanding concentrations in blood tests.
78
What is the immediate treatment for Phenytoin toxicity?
Activated charcoal, to absorb the chemical. '
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Pharmacology (2 decks)

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