Pharm2 Final: mechanisms of action

Question 1

Direct acting parasympathomimetic, interfering w Ach receptors, resulting in smooth muscle contraction, stimulating urinary & GI tracts

Answer 1

Class: Parasympathomimetic

Ex: Bethanechol (Urecholine)

Question 2

Blocks Ach (muscarinic) receptors resulting in smooth muscle contraction, stimulating urinary& GI tracts

Answer 2

Class: Anticholinergic

Ex: Atropine Sulfate

Question 3

Selected Beta-2-agonist, resulting in bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

Answer 3

Class: Sympathomimetic

Example: Albuterol Sulfate(Proventil)

Question 4

Inhibit the sympathic nervous system, specifically by blocking beta-1 receptors primarily in the heart

Answer 4

Class: Andrenergic-BLocker

Ex: Metoprolol (Lopressor)

Question 5

Inhibit the sympathetic nervous system, specifically by selectively blocking alpha 1 receptors primarily in vascular smooth muscle, dilating both arteries & veins as well as relaxing smooth muscle surrounding the prostate

Answer 5

Class: Andrenergic-Blocker

Example: Doxazocin (Cardura)

Question 6

Bind to gama-amino butyric acid (GABA) receptor-chloride channels molecules increasing the effect of GABA, a natural inhibitor neurotransmitter

Answer 6

Class:Benzo

Example: Alprozolam (Xanax)

Question 7

Hypnotic with intermediate-term benzo-like action suppressing brain impulses through limbic & reticular activating system

Answer 7

Class: CNS Hypnotic for sleep

Example: Zolpidem (Ambien)

Question 8

Hypnotic with short-term benzo-like action suppressing brain impulses through limbic & reticular activating system.

Answer 8

Class: CNS Hypnotic for sleep

Example Zaleplon (Sonata)

Question 9

Bind to gama-amino butyric acid (GABA) receptor-chloride channels molecules increasing the effect of GABA, suppressing abnormal neuronal discharges.

Answer 9

Class: Anti-seizure Benzo

Example: Diazepam (Valium)

Question 10

Intensify the effects gama-amino butyric acid (GABA) receptor-chloride channels molecules increasing the effect of GABA, suppressing abnormal neuronal discharges

Answer 10

Class: Anti-seizure Barbiturate

Example Phenobarbital (Nembutal)

Question 11

Mimics GABA,speeding up release from brain neurons & suppressing abnormal neuronal discharges

Answer 11

Class: Anti-seizure Misc

Example: Gabapentin (Neurontin)

Question 12

Chemically similar to barbitrates (but not addictive),reduces the spread of electrical discharges within the brain

Answer 12

Class: Anti-seizure Hydantoin

Example: Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Question 13

Stimulates the cerebral cortex with amphetamine-like action through the release of norepinephrine, dopamine, & serotonin

Answer 13

Class: CNS stimulant for ADD/ADHD

Example: Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Question 14

Inhibit monoamine oxidase, an enzyme that terminates the actions of many neurotransmitters including dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine,serotonin

Answer 14

Class: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Example: Phenelzine sulfate (Nardil)

Question 15

Inhibit the re-uptake of neurotransmitters norepinephrine & serotonin into presynaptic nerve terminals

Answer 15

Class: Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

Example: Imipramine (Tofranil)

Question 16

Selectively inhibits the re-uptake of serotonin in the pre-synaptic nerve terminals

Answer 16

Class: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)

Example: Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Question 17

Unknown, thought to alter NE, dopamine, serotonin reducing their activity ultimately resulting in mood stabilization after ~2-3 weeks

Answer 17

Class: Mood Stabilizer

Example: Lithium (Eskalith)

Question 18

Blockade of dopaminergic receptors throughout the brain

Answer 18

Class: Conventional Anti-psychotic

Example: Haloperidol (Haldol)

Question 19

Combination of dopaminergic receptor blockade throughout the brain & a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor

Answer 19

Class: Atypical Anti-psychotic

Example: Risperidone (Risperdal)

Question 20

Combination of serotonin & dopaminergic antagonist

Answer 20

Class: Hot New Atypical Anti-psychotic

Example: Ziprasidone HCl (Geodon)