[PHARM] Viral Hepatitis Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the goal for treatment of HBV?

A

Slow the development of liver disease

Can prevent from progressing to hepatocellular carcinoma

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2
Q

Define:

Chronic active hepatitis

A

Acute hepatitis state that continues without normal recovery (longer than 6-12 months)

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3
Q

What do interferons do within the body?

A

Interferons are host cytokines that exert complex

antiviral, immunomodulatory and antiproliferative actions

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4
Q

What are the (technically 3) types of interferons used to treat hepatitis?

A

Inferferon alpha-2b

PEGylated interferon alpha-2b

PEGylated interferon alpha-2a

*The PEGylated interferons are basically the same for our purposes

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5
Q

When would you give an interferon drug?

A

Treatment of patients with well compensated liver disease

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6
Q

You should NOT give interferons if your patient….

A

Is planning to be pregnant within 2-3 years

***DANGEROUS to give to patients in decompensated cirrhosis

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7
Q

What are the differnces in duration of action of inferferon alpha 2-b VERSUS PEGylated interferons alpha2a/2b?

A

Inferferon alpha 2b doesn’t last as long as PEGylated interferons

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8
Q

What are the 3 primary functions of interferons in surrmounting an immune response?

A
  1. Protect nearby healthy cells
  2. Signal macrophages and NK cells to clear infection
  3. Lysosome lysis, lysis of infected cell
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9
Q

What is the MOA of interferon alpha?

A

Interferon alpha binds to JAK1 and TYK2 which activates them

This causes STAT1 and STAT2 to become active (phosphorylated) and induce the activation of transciption of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs)

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10
Q

What are the adverse effects that occur with interferon alpha/PEGylated interferons?

A

80-90% of patients experience SOME kind of adverse effect

FLU LIKE SYNDROME

Fatigue and mental depression

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11
Q

What are the dose limiting toxicities associated with interferon alpha/PEGylated interferon?

A

Bone marrow suppression

Neurotoxicity-behavioral changes

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12
Q

What is the MOA of nucleosides/nucleotides treatment for HBV?

A

HBV DNA reverse transciptase/DNA polymerase inhibitors

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13
Q

How do you take nucleosides/nucleotides for treatment of HBV?

A

ORALLY

*much easier to take than the interferon drugs

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14
Q

What drugs would you use for a patient that has decompensated cirrhosis?

A

Nucleoside/nucleotides

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15
Q

What are the (3) nucleoSIDE drugs?

A

Lamivudine

Telbivudine

Entecavir

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16
Q

What is are the two nucleoTIDE drugs?

A

Tenofovir

Adefovir

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17
Q

Which one has the monophosphate attached?

Nucleosides?

Nucleotides?

A

NucleoTIDES!!! have the monophosphate group

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18
Q

What is the first line treatment for wild-type HBV?

A

Tenofovir

19
Q

What is the unique AE of tenofovir?

A

Nephrotoxicity

20
Q

What category drug is tenofovir in?

A

Nucleotide analog of adenosine

21
Q

What is the first line treatment of HBV in patients that have renal insufficiency?

A

Entecavir

22
Q

What are the TAKE HOME MESSAGES for HBV treatment?

A
  • Therapies for HBV fail to fully eradicate the virus
  • RELAPSE of hepatitis induced by HBV is always possible
23
Q

What are the interferon drugs?

A

Interferon alpha2b

PEGylated interferon alpha 2b

PEGylated interferon alpha 2a

24
Q

What category is lamivudine in?

A

Nucleoside

25
Q

What category is telbivudine in?

A

Nucleoside

26
Q

What category is entecavir in?

A

Nucleoside

27
Q

What category is tenofovir in?

A

Nucleotide

28
Q

What cateogory is adefovir in?

A

Nucleotide

29
Q

Which can be cured?

HBV or HCV?

A

HCV

*remember: HCV has a C in it, so it can be CURED

30
Q

What is the primary drug used for HCV (historically)?

A

Ribavirin

31
Q

What are the 3 things that ribavirin does therapeutically?

A
  1. Interferes with synthesis of GTP
  2. Inhibits capping of viral mRNA
  3. Inhibits the viral RNA dependent polymerase
32
Q

Contraindications for ribavirin?

A

Anemia

Pregnancy

33
Q

What do the NEW treatments for HCV infection primarily target?

A

Translation and Processing

34
Q

What are the (3) NS 3/4A protease inhibitors?

A

Grazoprevir

Paritaprevir

Simeprevir

35
Q

Which drug within the NS 3/4Aprotease inhibitors has CYP34a drug interactions and has the AE of nausea, pruritis and insomnia?

A

Paritaprevir

36
Q

Which of the three NS 3/4A protease inhibitors needs to be taken with food?

A

Simeprevir

37
Q

What are the two drugs that are NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitors?

A

Dasabuvir

Sofosbuvir

38
Q

Which NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitor is a prodrug?

A

Sofosbuvir

39
Q

Which NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitor has drug-drug interactions with CYP3A and AE of nausea, pruritus and insomia?

A

Dasabuvir

40
Q

What are the 4 NS5A inhibitors?

A

Elbasvir

Ledipasvir

Ombitasvir

Velpatasvir

41
Q

What is the common ending for NS3/4A inhibitors?

A

-Previr

Grazoprevir

Paritaprevir

Simeprevir

42
Q

What is the common ending for NS5B inhibitors?

A

Dasabuvir

Sofosbuvir

*REMEMBER, if you are treating NS5B, you add a B in front

43
Q

What is the common ending for NS5A inhibitors?

A

-asvir

Elbasvir

Ledipasvir

Ombitasvir

Velpatasvir

*REMEMBER, if you are treating NS5A, remember to have an A

44
Q
A