Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

gi 2 exam 2 > [PHARM] Viral Hepatitis Pharmacology > Flashcards

[PHARM] Viral Hepatitis Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the goal for treatment of HBV?

A

Slow the development of liver disease

Can prevent from progressing to hepatocellular carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define:

Chronic active hepatitis

A

Acute hepatitis state that continues without normal recovery (longer than 6-12 months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do interferons do within the body?

A

Interferons are host cytokines that exert complex

antiviral, immunomodulatory and antiproliferative actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the (technically 3) types of interferons used to treat hepatitis?

A

Inferferon alpha-2b

PEGylated interferon alpha-2b

PEGylated interferon alpha-2a

*The PEGylated interferons are basically the same for our purposes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When would you give an interferon drug?

A

Treatment of patients with well compensated liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

You should NOT give interferons if your patient….

A

Is planning to be pregnant within 2-3 years

***DANGEROUS to give to patients in decompensated cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the differnces in duration of action of inferferon alpha 2-b VERSUS PEGylated interferons alpha2a/2b?

A

Inferferon alpha 2b doesn’t last as long as PEGylated interferons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 primary functions of interferons in surrmounting an immune response?

A
  1. Protect nearby healthy cells
  2. Signal macrophages and NK cells to clear infection
  3. Lysosome lysis, lysis of infected cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the MOA of interferon alpha?

A

Interferon alpha binds to JAK1 and TYK2 which activates them

This causes STAT1 and STAT2 to become active (phosphorylated) and induce the activation of transciption of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the adverse effects that occur with interferon alpha/PEGylated interferons?

A

80-90% of patients experience SOME kind of adverse effect

FLU LIKE SYNDROME

Fatigue and mental depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the dose limiting toxicities associated with interferon alpha/PEGylated interferon?

A

Bone marrow suppression

Neurotoxicity-behavioral changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the MOA of nucleosides/nucleotides treatment for HBV?

A

HBV DNA reverse transciptase/DNA polymerase inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you take nucleosides/nucleotides for treatment of HBV?

A

ORALLY

*much easier to take than the interferon drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What drugs would you use for a patient that has decompensated cirrhosis?

A

Nucleoside/nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the (3) nucleoSIDE drugs?

A

Lamivudine

Telbivudine

Entecavir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is are the two nucleoTIDE drugs?

A

Tenofovir

Adefovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which one has the monophosphate attached?

Nucleosides?

Nucleotides?

A

NucleoTIDES!!! have the monophosphate group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the first line treatment for wild-type HBV?

A

Tenofovir

19
Q

What is the unique AE of tenofovir?

A

Nephrotoxicity

20
Q

What category drug is tenofovir in?

A

Nucleotide analog of adenosine

21
Q

What is the first line treatment of HBV in patients that have renal insufficiency?

A

Entecavir

22
Q

What are the TAKE HOME MESSAGES for HBV treatment?

A
  • Therapies for HBV fail to fully eradicate the virus
  • RELAPSE of hepatitis induced by HBV is always possible
23
Q

What are the interferon drugs?

A

Interferon alpha2b

PEGylated interferon alpha 2b

PEGylated interferon alpha 2a

24
Q

What category is lamivudine in?

A

Nucleoside

25
Q

What category is telbivudine in?

A

Nucleoside

26
Q

What category is entecavir in?

A

Nucleoside

27
Q

What category is tenofovir in?

A

Nucleotide

28
Q

What cateogory is adefovir in?

A

Nucleotide

29
Q

Which can be cured?

HBV or HCV?

A

HCV

*remember: HCV has a C in it, so it can be CURED

30
Q

What is the primary drug used for HCV (historically)?

A

Ribavirin

31
Q

What are the 3 things that ribavirin does therapeutically?

A
  1. Interferes with synthesis of GTP
  2. Inhibits capping of viral mRNA
  3. Inhibits the viral RNA dependent polymerase
32
Q

Contraindications for ribavirin?

A

Anemia

Pregnancy

33
Q

What do the NEW treatments for HCV infection primarily target?

A

Translation and Processing

34
Q

What are the (3) NS 3/4A protease inhibitors?

A

Grazoprevir

Paritaprevir

Simeprevir

35
Q

Which drug within the NS 3/4Aprotease inhibitors has CYP34a drug interactions and has the AE of nausea, pruritis and insomnia?

A

Paritaprevir

36
Q

Which of the three NS 3/4A protease inhibitors needs to be taken with food?

A

Simeprevir

37
Q

What are the two drugs that are NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitors?

A

Dasabuvir

Sofosbuvir

38
Q

Which NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitor is a prodrug?

A

Sofosbuvir

39
Q

Which NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitor has drug-drug interactions with CYP3A and AE of nausea, pruritus and insomia?

A

Dasabuvir

40
Q

What are the 4 NS5A inhibitors?

A

Elbasvir

Ledipasvir

Ombitasvir

Velpatasvir

41
Q

What is the common ending for NS3/4A inhibitors?

A

-Previr

Grazoprevir

Paritaprevir

Simeprevir

42
Q

What is the common ending for NS5B inhibitors?

A

Dasabuvir

Sofosbuvir

*REMEMBER, if you are treating NS5B, you add a B in front

43
Q

What is the common ending for NS5A inhibitors?

A

-asvir

Elbasvir

Ledipasvir

Ombitasvir

Velpatasvir

*REMEMBER, if you are treating NS5A, remember to have an A

44
Q
A

gi 2 exam 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions