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Pharm V1 Hesi Flashcards

1
Q

Mega vitamin C

A

Ascorbic acid
Used to treat or prevent vitamin C deficiency and to treat scurvy
DO NOT TAKE with DM or if on a low salt/salt-free diet
May cause GI upset, take with food to prevent

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2
Q

Isotretinoin teratogenesis teaching

A

DO NOT TAKE if pregnant
No accurate means of determining whether an exposed fetus has been affected
Increases risk of spontaneous abortion and premature brith
Congenital malformations in an embryo or fetus
Craniofacial, cardiovascular, neurological, and thymic malformations
Pt must use TWO reliable forms of contraception simultaneously for one month before, during, and for one month after treatment
Medication guide (for Isotretinoin) must be given to a pt each time it is dispensed (read iPLEDGE carefully before signing)
Most notably used to treat moderate acne
Usually PO (capsules)
Accutane

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3
Q

Calcium acetate renal

A

Nephrotoxic
May cause renal calculi
May cause metabolic acidosis in pts with renal disease
Hypercalcemia may result after large doses in chronic renal failure
Use with caution
Used to treat hyperphosphatemia (high phosphate in the blood) in patients with end stage kidney disease who are on dialysis

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4
Q

Ciprofloxacin teaching
antimicrobial

A

Antibiotic, fluoroquinolone
Take as prescribed, even after feeling better
Increase fluid intake to reduce risk of urine crystals
Avoid caffeine (stimulant)
Advise pt that hypersensitivity rxn may occur even after first dose
Stop immediately and notify PHCP
Tendon ruptures can occur
Notify PHCP if pain or inflammation occurs
Avoid excessive sunlight or artificial UV light
Photosensitivity
Black Box Warning:
Contraindicated for use in patients with acute sinusitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and acute uncomplicated UTI
N/V/D

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5
Q

Oseltamivir use

A

Tamiflu
Treats and prevents the flu (anti-viral)
Usually PO (without regard to food)
Administration considerations
Must be given within 48 hrs of s/s onset
May be used prophylaxis
Drug is NOT replacement for annual flu vax (teaching point)
S/A effects
Headache
Pain
N/V/D

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6
Q

Rifampin hepatotoxic

A

Anti TB
Hepatotoxic - monitor ALT, AST, and bilirubin
Causes orange secretions
Avoid tyramine foods (wine, aged cheeses, red meat, etc.)
Causes GI upset, decreased oral contraceptive effectiveness, vision changes

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7
Q

Trimoxazole/TMP-SMZ effect

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Common brands: Bactrim, Sulfatrim
Abx: pneumonia, bronchitis, UTI, etc.
Sulfonamide (common sulfa allergy)
Antagonistic to anticoagulation, sulfonylurea, and cardiac arrhythmia meds
S/A effects
Crystalluria
Nephrotoxic
Photosensitivity

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8
Q

Vancomycin peak and trough

A

Treats staph
Peak should be immediate after IV administration
Trough should occur at half-life and before administration of next dose
About 4-6 hours
Takes longer for pts with renal impairment
Check peak 1-2 hours after end of infusion and check trough right before (within 30 minutes of) giving next dose (trough is lowest level where patient is still within the therapeutic range)
Trough 5-15mcg/ml
Peak 20-40mcg/ml

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9
Q

Diflucan liver studies

A

Fluconazole (anti-fungal)
Treats yeast infections
VERY hepatotoxic (oral antifungal agents are associated with a low incidence of acute liver injury and that it may be fatal, especially for the elderly.)
Monitor ALTs and ASTs and bilirubin
S/S: jaundice, dark urine, light colored stools

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10
Q

Anaphylaxis penicillin

A

Most common medication allergy
Anaphylaxis STOP immediately
Cross sensitivity
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams

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11
Q

Ribavirin for hepatitis C

A

Antiviral
Monotherapy is ineffective for treatment of chronic hepatitis C
Hepatotoxic
Nephrotoxic
Important to educate about compliance
Prolonged therapy
Inhale or PO

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12
Q

Amlodipine evaluation

A

Antihypertensive
Ca channel blocker
Monitor BP and HR

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13
Q

Furosemide cramps

A

Loop diuretic
K+ wasting
S/A effects
Nephrotoxic
Ototoxic
Hypotension
Hypokalemia (muscle pain, cramps, and fatigue)

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14
Q

Clopidogrel hold

A

Antiplatelet
Increases risk of bleeding
Hold 5-7 days before any procedure where there is a high risk of bleeding

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15
Q

Rosuvastatin evaluate effect

A

Type of atorvastatin
Lowers LDL
Levels
Cholesterol <200
Triglycerides <150
LDL <100
HDL >50
Monitor LFTs and kidney function
Increased risk of rhabdomyolysis

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16
Q

Nitroglycerin (NTG) transdermal patch treat pain

A

Apply to hair-free skin
Remove patch after 12-14 hours and wash area with soap and water
Rotate patch sites
Remove patch before defibrillation or MRI (because it is metal)
When stopping, gradually reduce dose and frequency for 4-6 weeks

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17
Q

IV mls/hour
IV mL/hour IV gtts/minute
*Drip factor is how many drips per mL
*Drip factor is always a whole number
*Micro Drip tube has constant drip factor of 60 drops/mL

A

The MD orders your patient to start an IV Heparin drip at 18 units/kg/hr and to administer a loading bolus
dose of 30 units/kg IV before initiation of the drip. You’re supplied with a Heparin bag that reads 25,000
units/500 mL. The patient weighs 172 lbs. What is the flow rate you will set the IV pump at (mL/hr), and
how many units will be administered for the IV bolus?

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18
Q

Phenazopyridine

A

Analgesic-acting to relieve pain.
Used to relieve pain of UTI

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19
Q

Digoxin toxicity electrolytes

A

Therapeutic Range 0.8-2.0
Hypokalemia increases effect of digoxin toxicity
Normal K+ range 3.5-5.0

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20
Q

Tamsulosin BPH/reproductive/renal

A

Used to treat BPH and renal calculi to improve urine flow
Not indicated for use in women, only men
Screen for prostate cancer (s/s similar to BPH)
S/A effects
Priapism and low BP

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21
Q

Nitroglycerin patch action

A

Relaxes BV
Increased supply of blood and O2 to the heart
Reduces heart workload

22
Q

Albuterol assessment

A

Assess
Resp rate
O2 sat
Lung sounds
Rescue inhaler, rapid bronchodilation
Causes increased BP, HR, and vasoconstriction
Monitor after administration
RINSE mouth after administration (risk of thrush)
S/A effects
CNS stimulation
Cardiac stimulation
Hypokalemia

23
Q

Pre and post Antitussive evaluate

A

Antitussive evaluation
Used to treat dry, hacking cough that interferes with sleep
DO NOT TAKE if chronic lung disease (these pts need to cough up secretions)
Avoid other CNS depressants (causes drowsiness)

24
Q

IV heparin mls/hour

A

Heparin=drug of choice for anticoagulant when pregnant
Reversal agent=protamine sulfate
Monitor PTT
Therapeutic effect=60-90 sec
Not necessary if given SQ
S/A effects
Bleeding
HIT (heparin induced thrombocytopenia)

25
Misoprostol
Type of PPI (-zole) Ulcer prevention/treatment DO NOT TAKE within 1-2 hours of other meds DO NOT TAKE if pregnant Extends actions of anticoagulants Can cause osteoporosis
26
Lansoprazole GERD
PPI (-zole) Ulcer prevention/treatment DO NOT TAKE within 1-2 hours of other meds Extends actions of anticoagulants Can cause osteoporosis Can be used up to 8 weeks to treat GERD
27
Insulin regular peak
Onset 30 mins Peak 3 hours Duration 8 hours
28
Orlistat weight management
Used for weight loss Taken PO with each meal containing fat Makes you not absorb fats DO NOT TAKE With cyclosporine If pregnant
29
Epinephrine auto injector
Used to treat anaphylaxis IM or SQ Increases HR and BP
30
Thyroid Overdose s/s
Hypo Slow Fat Cold Hyper Fast Skinny Hot
31
Steroids DC protocol
DO NOT STOP ABRUPTLY Causes adrenal insufficiency/Addisonian’s disease ALWAYS taper off of steroids If pt is NPO for surgery, they would STILL receive this drug
32
Laxative
Treatment for constipation Increase fluids for it to be effective May cause cramping and/or diarrhea DO NOT GIVE mg with renal failure
33
Glucagon emergency kit
Used to treat hypoglycemia SQ, IM, or IV Peak 30 mins Can cause hyperglycemia
34
Contraceptive patch teaching
Does NOT protect against HIV Use backup method of contraception for 1st 7 days Remove before MRI DO NOT smoke with patch Apply first day of menstrual cycle, then same day each week If switching from oral contraceptive, apply the first patch on the first day of withdrawal bleeding Immediately apply a new patch once the old patch is removed Week 4 is patch-free, withdrawal bleeding expected at this time
35
Sucralfate teaching
Antiulcer drug Take on an empty stomach, one hour before each meal and at bedtime Continue taking even when starting to feel better (complete regimen) Avoid smoking Antacids may be used with this drug, but separate the doses by 30 mins
36
Acetaminophen jaundice
Jaundice side effect yellowing of skin, eyes ^May cause acute liver failure
37
Rivastigmine side effect
N/V/D, loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach pain, dizziness, drowsiness, weakness, headache, trouble sleeping, anxiety Long term diarrhea or vomiting can cause dehydration
38
St John's wort assess
Used for depression, menopausal symptoms, and somatic symptom disorder Interacts with many other meds DO NOT take if pregnant S/A effects Anxiety Dizziness Diarrhea/constipation Dry mouth Fatigue Headache Photosensitivity
39
Beta interferon SE
Flu-like signs and symptoms Fever, fatigue, muscle aches, headaches, chills, joint pain Report depression or suicidal thoughts May increase level of liver enzymes, eosinophil count May decrease Hb level, hematocrit, WBC, and platelet counts May increase or decrease thyroid function test levels
40
Cyclosporine
Immunosuppressant Used to prevent organ rejection in renal, hepatic, or cardiac transplantation Used for rheumatoid arthritis that has not responded to methotrexate Used for psoriasis PO, IV Do not give with amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex or magnesium sulfate Avoid sun exposure, grapefruit juice. Nephrotoxic Hepatotoxic phototoxic
41
Ketorolac effects
May increase ALT and AST levels May decrease Hb levels and hematocrit May increase bleeding time Black box warning Avoid if NSAID or aspirin allergy Contraindicated in people 17 and under High risk of bleeding- inhibits platelet function Can cause peptic ulcers or GI bleeding
42
Ketorolac ophthalmic (Toradol)
Used for eye irritation, itching, inflammation, pain If used with corticosteroids may increase healing problems Use cautiously with bleeding disorders or drugs that prolong bleeding time Half life: 4hours Safe in children Can cause headache Monitor for HTN, corneal health, and hypersensitivity rxns
43
Dilaudid side effects
Sedation, dizziness, insomnia, headache, confusion Cardiac arrest, hypotension, bradycardia, tachycardia Blurred vision, diplopia, nystagmus N/V/D, constipation, anorexia, weight loss Urinary frequency, urinary retention, erectile dysfunction Apnea, respiratory depression, bronchospasm Diaphoresis, pruritus
44
Transdermal fentanyl action
Absorbed transdermal, binds with opioid receptors in the CNS, altering perception of and emotional response to pain
45
Baclofen teaching
Used to treat spasms of MS or spinal cord problems Do not stop abruptly- can lead to high fever, mental changes, muscle stiffness. Refill pump on time and know how to respond to pump alarm Tell dr if child has ever had symptoms of withdrawal Taking while pregnant may lead to withdrawal in newborn Avoid alcohol and OTC antihistamines Take oral form with meals to reduce GI upset
46
Miacalcin rhinitis
Used to treat osteoporosis Nasal route may cause rhinitis, ulceration, and nasal malignancies Alter sides when using nasal route
47
Rheumatoid arthritis meds teaching
Usually NSAIDs and steroids Rest when needed
48
Opioid respirations
Respiratory depression Causes pulmonary vasodilation (given with MI)
49
Methylphenidate action
Used to treat attention deficit problems (CNS stimulant) Used to treat narcolepsy Releases nerve terminal stores of norepinephrine, promoting nerve impulse transmission. At high doses, effects are mediated by dopamine
50
Etanercept contraindication
In pts hypersensitive to drug, with sepsis, receiving a live-virus vaccine Use cautiously in pts age 65 and above, diabetics Exacerbations of CNS and peripheral nervous system demyelinating disorders and seizures could occur Use cautiously in pts with mod. to severe alcoholic hepatitis Don't start in pts with active infection Temporarily interrupt treatment in pts with varicella virus exposure Children need to be up to date on all immunizations prior to therapy
51
Gabapentin teaching
Tell doctor if your child has kidney disease or is on dialysis It is used for certain seizures Tell doctor if you become pregnant or are breastfeeding Do NOT take with alcohol, CNS depressants, or grapefruit juice Avoid driving and operating machinery until side effects are known Do NOT stop abruptly Keep oral solution refrigerated
52
Haloperidol EPS effects Antipsychotic It can treat certain types of mental disorders. It can also control symptoms of Tourette syndrome.
Extrapyramidal symptoms (involuntary movements) Akathisia (motor restlessness) Acute dystonia (painful muscle spasms)

Pharm Hesi V1 (1 decks)

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