Pharm Unit 2 Flashcards
What does the somatic system control?
Muscles, how we stand, general movement
What is the difference between the afferent and efferent pathways?
Afferent carries signals to the CNS, efferent carries them away from the CNS
What is the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
SNS is generally fight or flight, PNS is more rest and digest
What are the makes up the autonomic nervous system?
The SNS and PNS
What are the ANS receptors?
Cholinergic and Adrenergic
What receptors make up the cholinergic group?
Muscarinic and Nicotinic
What binds to the cholinergic receptors?
ACh
What binds to adrenergic receptors?
Norepinephrine
What is a sympathomimetic?
Drugs that mimic or stimulate an SNS response
What is a sympatholytic
Drugs that block the SNS
What is a parasympathomimetic?
Drugs that mimic or stimulate a PNS response
What is a Parasympatholytic?
Drugs that block the PNS
What is a ganglion?
Collection of neuron cell bodies outside of the CNS
What is the primary neurotransmitter of the PNS?
ACh
What is the primary neurotransmitter of the SNS?
Norepinephrine
What is the primary effect when the SNS is stimulated?
Increase in HR and BP, shunting of blood into muscles
Describe the basic effects of the PNS when stimulated
The goal is to conserve energy, get back to baseline. Shunts blood to GI tract, endocrine system, decreases inrotropy/chronotropy
Where are most of the PNS nerves located?
Cranial and sacral regions
Where are most of the SNS nerves located?
Thorax and lumbar regions
What process allows one SNS neuron to quickly innervate several neurons at once?
Chain ganglion
What is a plexus?
A collection of PNS pre-ganglion nerve fibers
What neurotransmitter do all ANS pre-ganglionic fibers use?
ACh
What group of do muscarinic receptors belong to? What are their subtypes and classification?
Cholinergic. M 1 - 5, the odd numbered ones are excitatory, the evens are inhibitory
What group do nicotinic receptors belong to? What are their subtypes and classification?
Cholinergic. Nn and Nm. Nn are post-ganglionic that generally innervate target organ. Nm generally work on muscles.
List the adrenoreceptors and their basic function
Alpha 1 = control of smooth muscle vasculature.
Alpha 2 = varied, some vasculature control, some effect on glands, and in the brain
Beta 1 = the heart, influences inotropy/chronotropy
Beta 2 = effects the lungs, mild effect on the heart
Beta 3 = lipocytes
What pathway does Alpha 1 activate?
G protein Gq, activates phospholipase C –> IP3 and Dag secondary messengers
What pathway does Alpha 2 activate?
G protein Gi, inhibits adenylyl cyclase, decreases cAMP
What pathway does Beta 1 - 3 activate?
G protein Gas, stimulate adenylyl cyclase, increasing cAMP
What pathway does M 1, 3, 5 activate?
G protein Gq, activates phospholipase C –> IP3 and Dag secondary messengers
