Pharm Unit 2

Question 1

What does the somatic system control?

Answer 1

Muscles, how we stand, general movement

Question 2

What is the difference between the afferent and efferent pathways?

Answer 2

Afferent carries signals to the CNS, efferent carries them away from the CNS

Question 3

What is the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Answer 3

SNS is generally fight or flight, PNS is more rest and digest

Question 4

What are the makes up the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 4

The SNS and PNS

Question 5

What are the ANS receptors?

Answer 5

Cholinergic and Adrenergic

Question 6

What receptors make up the cholinergic group?

Answer 6

Muscarinic and Nicotinic

Question 7

What binds to the cholinergic receptors?

Answer 7

ACh

Question 8

What binds to adrenergic receptors?

Answer 8

Norepinephrine

Question 9

What is a sympathomimetic?

Answer 9

Drugs that mimic or stimulate an SNS response

Question 10

What is a sympatholytic

Answer 10

Drugs that block the SNS

Question 11

What is a parasympathomimetic?

Answer 11

Drugs that mimic or stimulate a PNS response

Question 12

What is a Parasympatholytic?

Answer 12

Drugs that block the PNS

Question 13

What is a ganglion?

Answer 13

Collection of neuron cell bodies outside of the CNS

Question 14

What is the primary neurotransmitter of the PNS?

Answer 14

ACh

Question 15

What is the primary neurotransmitter of the SNS?

Answer 15

Norepinephrine

Question 16

What is the primary effect when the SNS is stimulated?

Answer 16

Increase in HR and BP, shunting of blood into muscles

Question 17

Describe the basic effects of the PNS when stimulated

Answer 17

The goal is to conserve energy, get back to baseline. Shunts blood to GI tract, endocrine system, decreases inrotropy/chronotropy

Question 18

Where are most of the PNS nerves located?

Answer 18

Cranial and sacral regions

Question 19

Where are most of the SNS nerves located?

Answer 19

Thorax and lumbar regions

Question 20

What process allows one SNS neuron to quickly innervate several neurons at once?

Answer 20

Chain ganglion

Question 21

What is a plexus?

Answer 21

A collection of PNS pre-ganglion nerve fibers

Question 22

What neurotransmitter do all ANS pre-ganglionic fibers use?

Answer 22

ACh

Question 23

What group of do muscarinic receptors belong to? What are their subtypes and classification?

Answer 23

Cholinergic. M 1 - 5, the odd numbered ones are excitatory, the evens are inhibitory

Question 24

What group do nicotinic receptors belong to? What are their subtypes and classification?

Answer 24

Cholinergic. Nn and Nm. Nn are post-ganglionic that generally innervate target organ. Nm generally work on muscles.

Question 25

List the adrenoreceptors and their basic function

Answer 25

Alpha 1 = control of smooth muscle vasculature.
Alpha 2 = varied, some vasculature control, some effect on glands, and in the brain
Beta 1 = the heart, influences inotropy/chronotropy
Beta 2 = effects the lungs, mild effect on the heart
Beta 3 = lipocytes

Question 26

What pathway does Alpha 1 activate?

Answer 26

G protein Gq, activates phospholipase C –> IP3 and Dag secondary messengers

Question 27

What pathway does Alpha 2 activate?

Answer 27

G protein Gi, inhibits adenylyl cyclase, decreases cAMP

Question 28

What pathway does Beta 1 - 3 activate?

Answer 28

G protein Gas, stimulate adenylyl cyclase, increasing cAMP

Question 29

What pathway does M 1, 3, 5 activate?

Answer 29

G protein Gq, activates phospholipase C –> IP3 and Dag secondary messengers