Pharm Unit 1

Question 1

pharmacologic effect

Answer 1

visible response to a drug

Question 2

pharmacokinetics

Answer 2

branch of pharmacology concerned with movements of the drug within the body and its excretion

Question 3

pharmacodynamics

Answer 3

Ability of drug to produce an effect and it’s mechanism of action

Question 4

Emax

Answer 4

Maximum response of a drug

related o the number of drug receptor interactions and the physiologic capacity of the tissue

Question 5

Reversible drug bond types

Answer 5

Ionic, Van der Waals, Hydrogen

Question 6

Irreversible drug bond

Answer 6

Covalent

Question 7

G protein subunit Alpha s

Answer 7

increases adenylyl cyclase, & increases Ca current

Question 8

G protein subunit Alpha i

Answer 8

Decreases adenyyl cyclase, & increases K current

Question 9

G protein subunit Alpha o

Answer 9

decreases Ca current

Question 10

G protein subunit alpha q

Answer 10

increases phospholipase Cbeta

Question 11

G protein subunit alpha 13

Answer 11

increases Na/H exchange

Question 12

G protein subunit alpha 1

Answer 12

increases cGMP-phosphodiesterase (vision)

Question 13

G protein subunit alpha olf

Answer 13

increases adenylyl cyclase (olfaction)

Question 14

EC50

Answer 14

the quantity of the drug that produces 50% of the maximal response
x-axis: log[drug concentration]
y-axis: response

Question 15

Threshold

Answer 15

dose of agonist at which a response begins

Question 16

Maximal Asymptote

Answer 16

top of the curve, represents Emax

Question 17

Intrinsic Activity

Answer 17

Ability to stimulate the receptor once bound

If two agonists have different intrinsic activities they will different Emaxs

Question 18

Michaelis-Menten equation

Answer 18

Effect=(Emax[D])/(Kd+ [D])

Kd=dissociation constant=EC50

Question 19

Hypersensitivity

Answer 19

Occurs with Antagonist drugs, once pt stops taking the drug they have a greater than normal response to the endogenous level of the substance that was being blocked.

Question 20

Desensitization

Answer 20

Occurs with Agonist Drugs

there can be down regulation of the receptor or fatigue with the depletion of the intracellular or tissue mechanisms

Question 21

Affinity

Answer 21

The higher the affinity the lower the EC50

Question 22

Efficacy

Answer 22

The ability of the drug to activate the effector portion of the receptor once the drug is bound to the receptor
Depends on: the structure of the drug

Question 23

Potency

Answer 23

Relates to the amount of drug needed for an effect
Depends on:
1)Receptor density
2)efficiency of the stimulus response mechanisms of the tissue
3)the affinity and efficacy of the drug

Question 24

pKa

Answer 24

determines ratio of ionized to nonionized drugs at a particular pH

Question 25

characteristic favoring diffusion

Answer 25

lipid soluble small nonionized

Question 26

Henderson-Hasselbach Equation

Answer 26

pH=pKa + log A-/HA

Question 27

Weak acid drug absorption from GI tract

Answer 27

readily reabsorbed

Question 28

Weak base drug absorption from GI tract

Answer 28

poor absorption

Question 29

First Pass effect

Answer 29

when the drug is absorbed through the GI tract it will first go into the portal circulation and the liver receives the drug first and can metabolize a great deal of it before it goes into the systemic circulation.

Question 30

Enteral

Answer 30

Uses a portion of the GI tract

Question 31

Paraenteral

Answer 31

Does not use the GI tract

Question 32

Bioavailability calculated by

Answer 32

=(area under the curve for oral dose)/(AUC for IV dose)*100 | graph is: time vs plasma concentration of the drug

Question 33

Volume of Distribution

Answer 33

= [dose]/[Cp(concentration in plasma)] | Units of Liters/Kg

Question 34

Concentration in plasma

Answer 34

=[dose]/[Vd(volume of distribution)]