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Pharmacology Test 1/ memory palace > Pharm Test 2/ Normal > Flashcards

Pharm Test 2/ Normal Flashcards

1
Q

What determines Mean Arterial pressure flow?

A
  1. peripheral resistance
  2. heart rate
  3. stroke volume
  4. body position
  5. muscle activity
  6. baroreceptors
  7. hormones
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2
Q

Factors that create primary hypertension?

A
  1. Genetics
  2. African American
  3. decreased sodium excretion
  4. obesity
  5. alcohol use
  6. smoking
  7. NSAID use
  8. excessive salt intake
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3
Q

High blood pressure contributes to 3 problems?

A
  1. ischemia
  2. heart failure
  3. kidney disease
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4
Q

This doubles your risk for heart disease?

A

SBP 20mmHg above normal

DBP 10mmHg above normal

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5
Q

Risk factors for hypertension are?

A
  1. metabolic syndrom
  2. hyperlipidemia
  3. obesity
  4. DM
  5. smoking
  6. inactivity
  7. microalbuminuria (GFR <60mL/min)
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6
Q

BMI is calculated by?

A

weight/height

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7
Q

Another name for metabolic syndrome is?

A

syndrome of X

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8
Q

Metabolic Syndrom consist of?

A
  1. insulin resistance syndrome
    (hyperinsulenemia)
  2. obesity (dyslipidemia sydrome)
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9
Q

Hyperinsulemia is seen as

  1. FPG > _____
  2. Glucose Tolerance >___
A

110

200

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10
Q

Factors that increase risk of CVD?

A
  1. abdominal obesity
  2. hypertension
  3. insulin resistance
  4. lipid disorder
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11
Q

Hypertension predisposes to what health problems?

A

stroke
CHF
Renal Failure
PVD

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12
Q

This is a triglycerides 150, HDL <35 in females <39 in males, BP >140/90 and urine albumin >20 or creatine/albumin >30.

A

Dyslipidemia Syndrome

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13
Q

Risk associated with abdominal obesity are?

A
  1. Waist-to-hip ratio > 0.90
  2. BMI >30
  3. Waist-to-girth in females >0.90 and males 0.85
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14
Q

Signs and symptoms experienced with secondary hypertension are?

A 
HA
Daytime somnelence
fatigue
tachycardia
claudication
cold feet 
sweating 
tinning of skin
flank pain
muscle weakness
tremor
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15
Q

What to look for with 2ndary HTN?

A
  1. variable pressure with tachycardia
  2. sweating or tremors
  3. hyper dynamic apical pulse
  4. Murmurs anterior and posterior thorax
  5. abnormal pulsation in neck
  6. abdominal bruit
  7. abdominal and flank masses
  8. trunk obesity and purple striae
  9. weak femoral pulses
  10. absent pedal pulses
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16
Q

Things I see in neck of a 2ndary hypertensive patients?

A
  1. carotid bruise
  2. Jugular venous distention
  3. thyroid enlargement
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17
Q

Things I see in extremities of a 2ndary hypertensive patients

A

bruits

edema

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18
Q

Things I see in lungs of a 2ndary hypertensive patients

A

congestion

bronchospasm

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19
Q

Things I see in abdomen of a 2ndary hypertensive patients

A

aortic pulsation
bruits
enlarged kidney

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20
Q

Things I see in heart of a 2ndary hypertensive patients

A 
pericardial heaves
enlargement
abnormal rate or rhythm
murmurs
S3 and S4
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21
Q

Causes of 2ndary hypertension include?

A
  1. Coarctation of aorta
  2. cushing syndrome
  3. pheochromocytoma
  4. primary aldosteronism
  5. chronic kidney disease
  6. Renovascular disease
  7. sleep apnea
  8. hyperthyroidism
  9. hyperparathyroidism
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22
Q

In coarctation of aorta you will see ____ femoral artery pulses?

A

delayed

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23
Q

Way to diagnose coarctation of aorta?

A

EKG
CXRAY
ECHO
DOPPLER

24
Q

Cushing syndrome is seen as?

A

Long steroid use
trunk obesity
moon face

25
Q

Prehypertension is a SBP and DBP of?

A

SBP 120 to 139

DBP 80-89

26
Q

Prehypertension ____ treatment needed unless compelling indication.

A

no

27
Q

Stage 1 hypertension is a SBP ___ and DBP ____

A

SBP 140- 159

DBP 90-99

28
Q

Treatment for stage 1 hypertension with no compelling reasons is?

A 
thiazide
ACEI
ARB
BB
CCB
COMBINATION
29
Q

Treatment for stage 1 hypertension with compelling reasons is?

A 
DIURETICS
ACEI
ARBS
BB
CCB
30
Q

Treatment for stage 2 hypertension with no compelling reasons is?

A 
THIAZIDE
ACE
ARB
BB
CCB
31
Q

Stage 2 hypertension is a SBP___ and DBP_____?

A

SBP >160

DBP >100

32
Q

Treatment for stage 2 hypertension with compelling reasons?

A 
DIURETICS
ACEI
ARBS
BB
CCB
33
Q

The target organ of damage with hypertension is?

A

heart
brain
kidney

34
Q

Peripheral alpha 1 receptors blockers affect BP how?

A

DBP more than SBP

35
Q

Example of alpha 2 agonist are?

A

CLONIDE

METHYLDOPA

36
Q

____ receptors reduce the sympathetic outflow in the brainstem?

A

alpha 2

37
Q

What will you see with decreased sympathetic outflow in the brain?

A

lower PVR
lower renal vascular resistance
lower HR
lower BP

38
Q

Renal blood flow and GFR are ____ by alpha 2 receptors?

A

unchanged

39
Q

Example of direct vasodilators are?

A

hydralizine

minoxidil

40
Q

_____ is not a concern with hydralizine and minoxidil?

A

orthostatic hypotension

this is a dilation of the arteries not the veins

41
Q

_____ ____ ____ is associated with hydralizine and minoxidil. This means the body will compensate for the arterial change by increasing renin production, angiotensin 2, aldosterone and ultimately sodium levels and fluid retention.

A

Renal homeostatic mechanism

42
Q

Use Hydralizine in combination with?

A

BB
CLONIDINE
METHYLDOPA

43
Q

Minoxidil must have additional medications with it to prevent fluid overload.

A

BB

DIURETICS

44
Q

This is an example of a renin inhibitor?

A

ALISKIREN

45
Q

Aliskiren is not for ___ and ____ patients this puts them at risk for stroke?

A

DM

renal patients

46
Q

Aliskiren blocks renin production by producing ____?

A

Plasma renin activity (PRA)

47
Q

____ decrease risk of stroke and mortality

A

BB

48
Q

____ and ____ have not been shown to decrease risk of stroke or mortality?

A

CCB

ALPHA blockers

49
Q

Best medications to give to a pregnant mother with hypertension?

A

METHYLDOPA
LABETOLOL
NIFEDIPINE

50
Q

Treatment for compelling heart failure?

A 
Thiazide
BB
ACEI
ARBS
ALDO ANT
51
Q

Treatment for Post MI?

A

Cardioselective BB
ACEI
ARBs
ALDO ANT

52
Q

Treatment for CVD risk?

A

THIAZIDE
BB
ACEI
CCB

53
Q

TREATMENT FOR DM?

A 
THIAZIDE
BB
ACEI
ARBS
CCB
54
Q

TREATMENT FOR CKD

A

ACEI

ARB

55
Q

TREATMENT FOR STROKE

A

THIAZIDE

ACEI

56
Q

TREATMENT FOR COPD

A

CCB

57
Q

AFRICAN AMERICANS DO WELL WITH WHAT MEDICATIONS?

A

CCB + THIAZIDE

THIAZIDES-(MONOTREATMENT)

Pharmacology Test 1/ memory palace (5 decks)

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