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Pre-Paramedic Pharm Study Guide > PHARM STUDY GUIDE Chapters 1, 2,3,5 > Flashcards

PHARM STUDY GUIDE Chapters 1, 2,3,5 Flashcards

1
Q 
Generic Name (Acetylsalicylic-)      
What is Trade Name?

Classification for Acetylsalicylic

A

Bayer-Aspirin •Bufferin

Platelet aggregator inhibitor, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory

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2
Q 
Generic name (Adenosine)      
What is Trade name?

Classification for Adenosine

A

Adenocard

Antidysrhythmic

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3
Q 
Generic Name (ALBUTEROL)     
What is Trade Name?

Classification for ALBUTEROL

A

Proventil -Ventolin

Sympathomimetic-Bronchodilator-Beta2 agonist

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4
Q 
Generic Name (AMIODARONE)     
What is Trade Name?

Classification for AMIODARONE

A

Cordarone

Anti-dysrhythmic

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5
Q 
GENERIC NAME (ATROPINE)     
What is Trade Name?

Classification for (ATROPINE)

A

NONE

Anticholinergic •Parasympathetic blocker• Antidote

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6
Q 
Generic Name (CALCIUM CHLORIDE)     
What is Trade Name?

Classification for (CALCIUM CHLORIDE)

A

NONE

Electrolyte

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7
Q 
Generic Name (ACTIVATED-CHARCOAL)    
 What is Trade Name?

Classification for (ACTIVATED-CHARCOAL)

A

Actidose •EZ-Char •Liqui-Char®

Adsorbent

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8
Q 
Generic Name (DEXTROSE)      
What is Trade Name?

Classification for (DEXTROSE)

A

D50

•Carbohydrate• Antihypoglycemic

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9
Q 
Generic Name (DIAZEPAM)       
What is Trade Name?

Classification for (DIAZEPAM)

A

Valium

•Benzodiazepine• Anticonvulsant• Sedative• Hypnotic

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10
Q 
Generic Name (DILTIAZEM)      
What is Trade Name?

Classification for (DILTIAZEM)

A

Cardizem

•Calcium channel blocker•
Anti-dysrhythmic

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11
Q 
Generic Name(DIPHENHYDRAMINE)    
 What is Trade Name?

Classification for (DIPHENHYDRAMINE)

A

Benadryl

•Antihistamine• Anticholinergic

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12
Q 
Generic Name (DOPAMINE)       
What is Trade Name?

Classification for (DOPAMINE)

A

Intropin

•Sympathomimetic• Vasopressor Adrenergic agonist

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13
Q 
Generic Name (EPINEPHRINE)     
What is Trade Name?

Classification for (EPINEPHRINE)

A

Adrenalin

Sympathomimetic

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14
Q 
Generic Name (ETOMIDATE)      
What is Trade Name?

Classification for (ETOMIDATE

A

Amidate

Anesthesia induction agent• Hypnotic•Sedative

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15
Q 
Generic Name (FENTANYL)      
What is Trade Name?

Classification for (FENTANYL)

A

Duragesic®•Sublimaze®

Narcotic analgesic• Narcotic agonist

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16
Q

What is Definition of PHARMACOKINETICS

A

refers to how the body acts on a medication,
including how the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream,
how the drug is distributed,
how the body metabolizes, and how the body eliminates the drug.

(WHAT THE BODY DOES TO THE DRUG)

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17
Q

What is Definition of PHARMACODYNAMICS

A

How a drug works and interacts with various receptors, other drugs and enzyme systems within the body.

(WHAT THE DRUG DOES TO THE BODY)

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18
Q

What is Definition of PHARMACOLOGY

A

Study of biochemical and physiologic properties of medications

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19
Q

What is Definition of THERAPEUTIC INDEX (TI)

A

is the measurement of the relative safety of a drug.
TWO factors used to determine safety of a drug.

EFFECTIVE DOSE AND LETHAL DOSE.

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20
Q

What is Definition of BIOAVAILABILITY

A

is the percentage of an administered drug that is available in the blood stream to act at the target tissue

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21
Q

6 PATIENTS RIGHTS

A 
Right Patient, 
Right Drug/Right Indication
Right Dose
Right Route
Right Time
Right Documentation
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22
Q

What is a Side Effect?

A

Benign annoyances

Headaches
Nausea
Drowsiness

Often treated by reducing dosage or eliminating offending medication

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23
Q

Enteral administration

A

Absorbed through GI tract
Given orally or rectally
Must first pass through liver before being
distributed THROUGHOUT the body.

THINK ABOUT YOUR GROSS AND NET PAYCHECK

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24
Q

Parenteral Route

A

Medications are drugs that bypass the GI tract.
Rapidly available and circulate throughout body in minutes

IV is preferred route for cardiac medications in ALS situations

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25
Q

Half life

A

Time required for concentration of medication in bloodstream to decrease to half its original level.

26
Q

Duration of action

A

Amount of time a single dose produces desired effect

27
Q

buccal administration

A

absorption across mucous membranes or the skin Example glucose gel

28
Q

What are some common causes of (ALOC)?

A 
Cardiac arrhythmia
Diabetic emergency
SeizureToxic
 ingestion or overdose
StrokeTraumatic 
brain injury
29
Q

generic

A

Registered with Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Pharmacopeia-National

(Written in lower case)

30
Q

Trade Name

A

Created by pharmaceutical companies

Always (begin with a capital letter)

31
Q

First pass metabolism

A

Drug is partially metabolized
Reduces amount of medication

THINK ABOUT YOUR GROSS AND NET PAYCHECK

32
Q

Passive diffusion

A

Occurs when medications penetrate cells by diffusing through cells membranes

Think of breathing!

33
Q

Passive transport

A

Occurs when drug molecule moves down concentration gradient

Drug moves from area of high concentration to area of low concentration

34
Q

Receptors

A

Are sites on various tissue to which some drugs bind to exert their desired physiologic effects.

Think about a key and lock.

The DRUG is the key.

The RECEPTOR is the lock.

35
Q

Absorption

A

is the movement of a medication from the point of administration.

Example ( GI tract skin muscle) into the bloodstream for movement throughout the body.

36
Q

Drug excretion

A

Removal of drug or metabolite from body

Kidney is typically the organ responsible for removal

37
Q

Onset of action

A

Time interval from administration to desired effect

38
Q

Reversible binding

A

Occurs when drug is able to separate from cell’’s receptors

When drug is removed from receptor, effect of drug stops

39
Q

Irreversible binding

A

Some medications are unable to separate from receptor after they bind to receptor they bind to receptor.

ASA
PLAVIX
MAOI’’s

40
Q

Agonist

A

Drug that produces desired physiologic effect upon binding with receptor

Turn things on

41
Q

Antagonist

A

Drug that diminishes or eradicates physiologic effect of agonist

Turn things off

42
Q

Adverse effects

A

Considered serious

Renal failure
Bleeding
Bone marrow suppression
Progression of heart disease

43
Q

Cholinergic agonists

A

Drugs that act on the parasympathetic nervous system.

44
Q

adrenergic agonists

A

Medications that exert effects on the sympathetic nervous system.

45
Q

Beta 1 receptors

A

Cardiovascular in nature they are found on the heart.

increase heart rate and contractility.

Increases cardiac output

46
Q

Beta 2 receptors

A

located on the bronchial smooth muscle.

increases the diameter of the bronchial tree.

Stimulation relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
(Respiratory emergencies)

47
Q

Alpha1

A

Primarily located on peripheral blood vessels

Stimulation results in vasoconstriction and elevation systemic BPs

48
Q

Alpha2

A

Located on nerve endings

Provide negative feedback to nerves in sympathetic nervous system

Signals process when goal or target is reached

49
Q

Sympathomimetic

A

physiological effects characteristic
of the sympathetic nervous system
by promoting the stimulation of sympathetic nerves.

50
Q

Chronotropic

A

EFFECTS THE HEART RATE

POSTIVE INCREASES

NEGATIVE DECREASES

51
Q

INOTROPIC

A

EFFECTS THE SQUEEZE OF THE HEART MUSCLE

POSTIVE MAKE SQUEEZE HARDER

NEGATIVE DECREASE THE INTENSITY OF CARDIAC SQUEEZE

52
Q

ISOTONIC

A

Fluids that have equal osmotic pressure with the body under normal conditions.

53
Q

HYPOTONIC

A

Fluids that have less osmotic pressure.

54
Q

HYPERTOMIC

A

Fluids have greater than normal osmotic pressure,

55
Q

MICRO DRIP

A

Administer 60 gtt/mL

Used with adrenergic agents and cardiac anti-arrhythmics

Used with children sensitive to large amounts of IV fluids

56
Q

MACRO DRIP

A

Variety of sizesDrip factors of

10, 12, 15, and 20 gtt/mL

57
Q

For any amount of blood loss,

A

You need at least 3x amount of crystalloid

is required to increase intravascular volume to compensate.

58
Q

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

A

Found inside cells

59
Q

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

A

Found between cells and inside blood vessels

60
Q

Active transport

A

Requires macromolecule to assist in transport

Capable of reaching point of saturation.

Pre-Paramedic Pharm Study Guide (4 decks)

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