Pharm SE2

Question 1

Fat-saluble vitamins

Answer 1

• Vitamin A •Vitamin D •Vitamin E

* Vitamin K

Question 2

Water soluble

Answer 2

•Vitamin B1-B12 •Vitamin

Question 3

Function- Plays an important role in vision, bone growth, reproduction, immunity, cell development, and skin health

Answer 3

Vitamin A

Question 4

Vitamin E

Answer 4

• Excess• 400 IU/day or more- inhibition of platelet aggregation, increased risk of prostate
cancer

Question 5

Vitamin E

Answer 5

Deficiency (very rare)- nerve and muscle damage, loss of body movement control, muscle weakness, and vision problems • Premature infants with very low birth weight
• Patients who do not absorb fat normally.

Question 6

Vitamin K

Answer 6

Deficiency (very rare)- bleeding and hemorrhage in severe cases, can contribute to osteoporosis
• Excess- no adverse effects associated with vitamin K consumption from
food or supplements have been reported in humans or animals

Question 7

Vitamin K and Warfarin counseling on eating green vegtibles.

Answer 7

Sudden changes in vitamin K intakes can increase or decrease the anticoagulant effects of warfarin
• Counsel patients to maintain consistent
dietary amount of vitamin K

Question 8

Vitamin D

Answer 8

Obtained from the diet and can be made in the skin after exposure to sunlight • D3 (cholecalciferol)- synthesize in skin from endogenous or dietary cholesterol on exposure to UV light
• D2 (ergocalciferol)- from plant sources (fortified foods)
• Function- bone and mineral homeostasis • Dietary Sources- fatty fish, mushrooms, fortified foods including fortified
milk

Question 9

Deficiency- rickets in children, osteomalacia, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia

Answer 9

Vitamin D

Question 10

• Excess- hypercalcemia, anorexia, weight loss, polyuria, and heart arrhythmia

Answer 10

Vitamin D

Question 11

Drugs linked to vitamin D deficiency

Answer 11

Medications linked to deficiency• Anticonvulsants • Phenytoin, carbamazepine
• Corticosteroids • Prednisone
• HAART • Protease inhibitors- ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir
• NNRTIs- efavirenz, rilpivirine

Question 12

Deficiency- pellagra, bright red tongue, dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia
• Excess- flushing, headache, rash, dizziness, and/or a decrease in blood pressure • Pharmacologic doses of 1,000 to 3,000 mg/day- hypotension, fatigue, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, nausea, heartburn, abdominal pain,
blurred or impaired vision, macular edema, hepatotoxicity

Answer 12

Vitamin B3 - Niacin deficiency