Pharm Review Flashcards
Treatment for alopecia; it is a contact allergen applied to cause dermatitis which can be followed by hair growth
DPCP (Diphenylcyclopropenone)
2 examples of systemic imidazole therapy to treat tinea versicolor
Fluconazole
Itraconazole
Macrolide antibiotic, among uses is for topical or systemic treatment of acne; among the well known cytochrome P450 inhibitors to remember
Erythromycin
Antifungal agent with topical effects limited to candida infections, may temporarily stain the skin yellow (also administered IV, etc for other fungal infections as well including aspergillus and endemic mycosis)
Amphotericin B
Refers to agents such as glycerin, lecithin and propylene glycol found in moisturizers to draw water into the outer layer of skin
Humectant
FDA-approved conventional therapy for melanoma
Dacarbazine
Topical immune-response modifier used to treat actinic keratoses and basal or SCCs; also used to treat genital warts
Imiquimod
Retinoid administered orally for treatment of severe acne, powerful teratogen that mandates participation by young females in the iPledge program
Isotretinoin
Antiepileptic drug used to treat neuropathic pain and itching
Gabapentin
Radiation that may not cause erythema and sunburn but nevertheless still contributes to skin aging and photocarcinogenesis
UVA
What effect do agents such as iodine, chlorhexidine, and hydrogen peroxide have on wound healing?
Impede wound healing
An oral hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor used to treat advanced basal cell carcinoma
Vismodegib
Topical calcineurin inhibitor that can help treat anogenital itching
Tacrolimus
Local vasoconstriction due to blood volume deficit, unrelieved pain, hypothermia, etc. can impair wound healing due to an inadequate amount of ______ in the tissue
Oxygenation
To heal best, wounds should be kept clean and _____
Moist
Common cause of diarrhea due to antibiotic-associated colitis, well-known example where handwashing with soap and water is superior to alcohol-based gels
C.difficile
Can be administered systemically to treat tinea capitis
Griseofulvin
Topical antimicrobial agent commonly used to treat acne; local skin irritant and may bleach hair and clothing
Benzoyl peroxide
Platelet-derived growth factor that promotes the cell proliferation and angiogenesis needed for diabetic ulcer repair, but must use cautiously as too much increases risk of malignancy
Becaplermin
Blocks enzyme needed for ergosterol synthesis; useful topically for fungal infections such as jock itch and athlete’s foot and systemically for fungal nail infections
Terbinafine
Late choice for treating ectoparasites, works by disrupting GABAergic transmission
Lindane
Active ingredient of vulvovaginal medications for candidiasis
Clotrimazole
~50% water and 50% oil with an emulsifier, base that is useful for covering large and/or wet areas with a drug but preservatives, etc., can cause allergic reactions
Creams
Antifungal applied topically that penetrates into nails to treat fungal infection
Efinaconazole
Important component of wound healing, conserves the local resources by limiting the need to synthesize proteases; stage when hydrogels are good wound covering
Debridement
Potent vasodilator due to hyperpolarization via activation of K+ channels, applied topically to grow hair
Minoxidil
Comprised of 20% water and 80% oils, best for dry skin, stay on surface of skin and are not well absorbed; permit more complete drug absorption and less likely to cause allergic reaction (no preservatives)
Ointments
Anti-inflammatory agent with keratolytic effects due to its ability to dissolve intercellular cement; makes it useful to treat acne, dandruff, and calluses
Salicylic acid
Component of plant defenses against bacteria, active against P.acne
Azaleic acid
Macrolide among the systemic therapies used to treat acne; noteworthy because it is not a CYP450 inhibitor, has unusual pharmacokinetics in that it is taken up in phagocytes and released by them at sites of infection
Azithromycin
Organophosphate anticholinesterase insectiside; kills ectoparasites
Malathion
Has 7 potency classes for topical administration so that it is possible to taper down to the lowest dose needed to control inflammation; administered systemically to control pain and inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis until DMARD effects manifest; can also be injected directly into inflamed joints
Glucocorticoids
Aminoglycoside antibiotic of neosporin with activity against gram-negative bacteria
Neomycin
Synthetic insecticide similar to that of chrysanthemums, ectoparasite therapy that binds to insect Na+ channels and prevents membrane repolarization
Permethrin
Inhibits the mutated BRAF V600D MAP kinase found in ~60% of melanomas
Vemurafenib
Prescription synthetic topical antimycotic agent with broad spectrum of activity against fungal skin infections such as ringworm, athlete’s foot, tinea versicolor, dandruff
Ciclopirox
Drug class useful for systemic treatment of acne, photosensitivity, GI distress, and contraindication in pregnancy and young children d/t gray discoloration of permanent teeth are noteworthy adverse effects
Tetracyclines
Synthetic detergents minimize skin irritation during home skin care due to lower ____
pH