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ATI Pharm Remediation > Pharm Review > Flashcards

Pharm Review Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-Infective Medications?

A

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim, Tetracyclines, Bacteriostatic Inhibitors, Aminoglycosides, Monobactams, UT Antiseptics, Antimycobacterials, Anti-Hansen’s disease, Antiviral, Fluoroquinolones, Antiprotozoals, and Antifungals

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2
Q

1 Fluid Oz = ?mL

A

30

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3
Q

1 Tbs = ?mL

A

15

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4
Q

1 Tbs = ?tsp

A

3

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5
Q

1 gr = ?mg

A

60

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6
Q

SubQ Injections use what size needles?

A

3/8 - 5/8 & 25-27 Gauge at 45 - 90 Degrees

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7
Q

IM Injections use what size needles?

A

18-27 Gauge and 1-1.5” @ 90 degrees

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8
Q

Sodium normal limits?

A

135-145

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9
Q

What do antimicrobials treat?

A

Bacterial, Viral, and Fungal Infections

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10
Q

Adverse reactions of antibiotics? (Generally)

A

Hypersensitivity or Anaphylaxis, Toxicity, Lower Efficacy of contraceptives, superinfection, or increased efficacy of warfarin

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11
Q

Penicillin acts by doing what?

A

Destroying bacteria through weakening of cell wall

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12
Q

What is penicillin used for?

A

Strep Pneumonia, Viridans, and Pyogenes. First choice for Syphilis and meninigitis. Prophylaxis for endocarditis

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13
Q

Adverse effects of penicillin?

A

Anaphylaxis, Renal Impairment, Hyperkalemia (Increases with dosing)

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14
Q

Contraindications of penicillin?

A

Allergies, Cephalosporin (Allergy), and Kidney Dysfunction

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15
Q

Interactions of penicillin?

A

Aminoglycosides and oral contraceptives (makes them less efficacy)

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16
Q

How do cephalosporins work?

A

Destroy bacteria through weakening of cell wall

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17
Q

Use cephalosporins for?

A

Broad spectrum have high TI for postop infections, meningitis, and pelvic infections

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18
Q

Adverse effects of cephalosporins?

A

Anaphylaxis, Bleeding, Thrombophlebitis, Cross Allergy w/ penicillins, pseudomembranous colitis

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19
Q

Contraindications of cephalosporins

A

penicillin allergy, kidney dysfunction, and anticoagulant/antiplatelet/thrombolytics

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20
Q

Interactions with cephalosporins

A

Alcohol intolerances, probenecid because of decreased renal excretion

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21
Q

Carbapenems action?

A

Destroy bacteria cell wall

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22
Q

Carbapenems are used for

A

Pneumonia, Peritonitis, and UTIS

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23
Q

Adverse effect of Carbapenems?

A

Allergy, GI Symptoms, and Superinfection

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24
Q

Contraindications of Carbapenem?

A

Caution with renal impairment

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25
Q

Action of monobactams?

A

Destroy bacteria through destruction of cell wall

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26
Q

Frequent use of monobactams?

A

MRSA, C Dif, and AA Pseudomembranous colitis

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27
Q

Adverse effects of Monobactams?

A

OTOTOXIC!!!!!!!!! Infusion reaction (Red Man), and Thrombophlebitis

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28
Q

Contraindications of Monobactam?

A

Renal Impairment, Infuse over 60 mins, very low TI

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29
Q

Tetracyclines actions?

A

Bacteriostatic prevents protein synthesis

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30
Q

Uses of tetracyclines?

A

Acne, Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Helicobacter pylori, periodontal disease, typhus, RMSF, Lyme, UTI

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31
Q

AE’s of tetracycline?

A

GI symptoms, tooth discolor, hepatotoxic, photosensitive, superinfection of bowel

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32
Q

Contraindications of Tetracyclines

A

Renal Disease, Use during pregnancy stain deciduous teeth

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33
Q

Interactions of tetracyclines?

A

Calcium Heavy or Magnesium heavy items decrease absorption and decrease oral contraceptives efficacy

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34
Q

How do you take tetracyclines?

A

Give on empty stomach with water (except doxycycline & minocycline)

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35
Q

How do bacteriostatic inhibitors work? (Macrolides/Ketolides)

A

Inhibit protein synthesis and are bactericidal at high doses

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36
Q

Macrolides & Ketolides are used for?

A

Pts with penicillin allergies, pertussis, diptheria, or legionnaires, chlamydia, mycoplasma, streptococcus pyogenes (strep throat)

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37
Q

AE’s of Macro/Keto-Lides

A

GI discomfort and thrombophlebitis

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38
Q

Contraindications of Macro/Keto-Lides

A

Liver Disease

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39
Q

Interactions of Macro/Keto-Lides

A

Antihistamines, Theophylline, Carbamazepine, and Warfarin

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40
Q

How should you give Macro/Keto-Lides?

A

On empty stomach with water

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41
Q

Aminoglycosides action?

A

Disruption of protein synthesis

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42
Q

Aminoglycosides are used for?

A

E. Coli, Pneumonia, and Aeruginosa, also used for amebiasis and tapeworm

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43
Q

Aminoglycosides AE’s?

A

Ototoxic, Nephrotoxic (most important), neuromuscular blockade, hypersensitivity, and streptomycin

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44
Q

Contraindications of Aminoglycosides?

A

Renal impairment leading to reduced dosage

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45
Q

Interactions of aminoglycoside?

A

Ethacrynic acid (higher oto toxic), amphotericin, cephalosporins, vanco (neph tox), and penicillins

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46
Q

What are the Aminoglycosides?

A

Gentamicin, Amikacin, Kanamycin, Tobramycin, Neomycin, paromomycin, and Streptomycin

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47
Q

Abbrevation for aminoglycosides?

A

-Micin

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48
Q

What are the Penicillins?

A

Penicillin G, Augmentin (Amoxicillin), Nafcillin, and Carbenicillin

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49
Q

Abbreviation for Penicillin?

A

-cillin

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50
Q

Cephalosporins drugs?

A

Cephalexin, Cephapirin, Cefaclor, Cefotetan, Cefatrixaone, Cefotaxime, and Cefepime

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51
Q

Abbreviation for Cephalosporin?

A

Ceph-

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52
Q

Carbapenems drugs?

A

Imipenem and Meropenem

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53
Q

Abbrevation for Carbapenems?

A

-enem

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54
Q

Monobcatams drugs?

A

Vancomycin (MRSA), Aztreonam, Fosfomycin

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55
Q

Tetracycline drugs?

A

Tetracycline Hydrochloride, Doxycycline, and Minocycline

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56
Q

Macrolide/Ketolide Drugs?

A

Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Dirithromycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin

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57
Q

Abbreviation for Macrolides?

A

-mycin

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58
Q

Sulfonadmides-Trimethoprim action?

A

Inhibits folate synthesis

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59
Q

Sulfonadmides-Trimethoprim uses?

A

Med of choice for UTI by E.Coli

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60
Q

AE of Sulfo-Trim

A

Hypersensitivty, blood dyscrasis, crystalluria, and kernicterus (increased bili)

61
Q

Contraindications of Sulfo-Trim

A

Avoid in folate def, pregnancy, creatining clearance <15, renal dysfunction

62
Q

Interactions of Sulfo-Trim

A

Warfarin, Phenytoin, and Tolbutamid (Increase efficacy of these drugs)

63
Q

Sulfonamides-Trimethoprim Drugs?

A

Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (TMP-SMZ, Bactrim), Cotrim, Septra, Sulfadiazine, Sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole

64
Q

Antimycobacterial is used for?

A

Tuberculosis

65
Q

Antimycobacterial drugs?

A

Isoniazid, Streptomycin, Ethambutol, and Pyrazinamide

66
Q

AE of Antimycobacterial drugs

A

Peripheral Neuropathy and Hepatotoxicity

67
Q

Contraindications of Antimycobacterial Drugs

A

Liver Disease

68
Q

Interactions of Antimycobacterial

A

Phenytoin and INH with Alcohol, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide raise hepatotoxicity

69
Q

AE of Acyclovir?

A

Phlebitis, nephrotoxic, nausea, and headache

70
Q

AE of ganciclovir?

A

Granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and reproductive toxicity, and teratogenic

71
Q

Never do what for acyclovir?

A

Never do an IV bolus, infuse over 1 hour minimum

72
Q

Fluoroquinolones have what action

A

Inhibition of enzyme needed for DNA

73
Q

Prototype for fluoroquinolones?

A

Ciprofloxacin

74
Q

Use of fluoroquinolones?

A

inhaled anthrax / broad spectrum

75
Q

adverse effects of fluoroquinolones?

A

GI discomfort, achilles tendon rupture, and superinfection

76
Q

contraindictions for fluoroquinolones?

A

avoid use in children <18 due to tendon rupture

77
Q

interactions with fluoroquinolones?

A

Cations (Decreased absorption) and Theophylline and Warfarin (increase med plasma levels)

78
Q

Antiprotozoals action?

A

Permeability leading to leakage of intracellular cations

79
Q

Prototype of antiprotozoals?

A

Amphotericin, Flucytosine, Miconazole, Nystation, Griseofulvin, and ketoconazole

80
Q

Use of antiprotozoals?

A

fungal infections

81
Q

adverse effects of amphotericin

A

infusion reaction, thrombophlebitis, nephrotoxicity!!!!, hypokalemia!!!, and marrow suppresion

82
Q

Ketoconazole adverse effects

A

hepatotoxicity and sex hormone effects (gynocomastia)

83
Q

Interactions of antiprotozoals?

A

additive nephrotoxic (aminoglycosides) and antifugal potentiantes with flucytosine

84
Q

Antiprotozoals information?

A

Very toxic infuse slowly and can damage renal kidneys

85
Q

Prototypes for antiprotozoal?

A

metronidazole

86
Q

Which immunity is acquired at birth?

A

Natural Immunity

87
Q

A production of antibodies against antigens?

A

Specific acquired immunity

88
Q

Action of B Cells?

A

Produces antibodies

89
Q

Action of Helper T Cells? (CD4)

A

Activate B Cells and is responsible for delayed hypersensitivity reaction

90
Q

Action of Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8)?

A

Directly destroys target cells

91
Q

MMR Vaccine is contraindicated in?

A

Patients with egg or neomycin allergies, history of thrombocytopenia

92
Q

DTaP AE’s?

A

Encephalopathy, Seizures, and local reaction

93
Q

Patient can’t have DTaP if?

A

Recent seizure or history of anaphylaxis

94
Q

Hepatits Vaccine CI?

A

Bakers Yeast Allergy

95
Q

Varicella Vaccine is CI in?

A

Pregnancy, Cancer, or Gelatin Allergy

96
Q

Immunostimulants are?

A

Interferon Alfa, Aldesleukin, and Interleukin 2

97
Q

What are immunostimulants used for?

A

Leukemia, Melanoma, and Kaposi’s Sarcoma

98
Q

Immunostimulant AE’s are?

A

flu symptoms, marrow suppression, alopecia, cardiotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, hypotension

99
Q

Immunostimulants interact with?

A

Theophylline (toxicity), Zidovudine (increased neutropenia), and Antihypertensives (additive hypotensive effect)

100
Q

What do you not do with immunostimulants?

A

Shake the vial!!!!

101
Q

What are immunosuppressants?

A

Cyclosporine, Glucocorticoids, Cytotoxics, Tacrolimus, and Methotrexate

102
Q

What do immunosuppressants do?

A

Act on Helper T to suppress B Cell and Cytotoxic T

103
Q

Immunosuppressants treat what?

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus, Myasthenia Gravis, and DM 1

104
Q

AE of Immunosuppressants?

A

Teratogenesis and increased infection risk

105
Q

Cyclosporine AE?

A

Hepatotoxic and Nephrotoxic

106
Q

Interactions with Cyclosporine?

A

Pregnancy, Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, Carbamazepine, TMP-SMZ (Lower efficacy), Ketoconazole, Erythromycin, Amphotericin (increased toxic risk), Grapefruit juice increased toxic risk

107
Q

Cyclosporine should be administered with?

A

Milk or Orange Juice and monitor for 30 minutes

108
Q

Glucocorticoids prototype?

A

Prednisone and Prenisolone

109
Q

AE of glucocorticoids?

A

Osteoporosis, renal insufficiency, and fluid retention

110
Q

CI of gluco’s?

A

systematic fungal infection or recurring live virus vaccines

111
Q

Interactions with gluco’s?

A

K+ Depleting Diuretics (Hypokalemia), NSAIDS (GI Ulcers), Glucocorticoids (hyperglycemia)

112
Q

Antihistamines act how?

A

Act on H1 receptor to block histamine release

113
Q

1st Generations Antihistamines?

A

Diphenhydramine, Promethazine, and Dimenhydrinate

114
Q

2nd Generation Antihistamines?

A

Loratadine, Cetirizine, Fexofenadine, and Desloratadine

115
Q

Antihistamines therapeutic use?

A

Allergic reactions, Motion Sickness, Anaphylaxis, and Insomnia

116
Q

Adverse effects of 1st gen AH

A

Sedation, GI Discomfort, Acute Toxicity (Flushed face, fever, tachycardia), anticholinergic effects (dry)

117
Q

Contraindications for 1st gen AH

A

3rd trimester, lactation, newborns, and elderly

118
Q

1st Gen AH interacts with

A

Alcohol, Benzo, Opioids, and Barbiturates

119
Q

Chemotherapy drug SE’s

A

Bone marrow suppression, GI Discomfort, ALopecia, Mucositis, Reproductive Toxic, Hyperuricemia, extravasation

120
Q

Salicylates and NSAIDS reduce what?

A

Platelet aggregation

121
Q

Salicylates, NSAIDS, and Glucocorticoids pose a risk for?

A

Ulceration!

122
Q

Acetaminophen has what properties?

A

Analgesic and Antipyretic NOT anti-inflammatory

123
Q

NSAID Meds?

A

Aspirin, Celecoxib, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Ketorolac, Valdecoxib, and Indomethacin

124
Q

What is the expected action of NSAIDS?

A

Cyclooxygenase inhibition, with COX 2 decreasing inflammation and COX 1 decreasing platelet aggregation

125
Q

Adverse effects of NSAIDS?

A

GI Discomfort such as ulceration or bleeding, Renal Dysfunction, Salicylism (Tinnitus, Alkalosis, or dizziness), Reye Syndrome

126
Q

NSAID CI

A

Peptic ulcers, bleeding disorders, hypersensitivity, and pregnancy

127
Q

NSAID Interactions

A

Warfarin (Increased bleeding), Alcohol (increased bleeding), Glucocorticoids (Increased bleeding), Ibuprofen (decreased antiplatelet)

128
Q

Give NSAIDS with?

A

Food or Milk

129
Q

Ketorolac uses?

A

Short term treatment of severe pain and enhances opioid analgesia

130
Q

Adverse effects of ketorolac?

A

GI Bleeding and Blood Dyscrasias

131
Q

CI of Ketorolac?

A

Stop after 5 days

132
Q

Acetaminophen AE’s

A

Acute liver toxicity

133
Q

What is antidote to acetaminophen?

A

acetylcysteine

134
Q

Alcohol causes what in acetaminophen?

A

Risk of liver failure

135
Q

Warfarin does what to acetaminophen?

A

Increases levels

136
Q

What are opioid agonists?

A

Morphine, Fentanyl, Meperidine, Methadone, Codeine, and Oxycodone

137
Q

Adverse effects of opioid agonists?

A

Respiratory depression, sedation, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention, biliary colic, cough suppression, emesis

138
Q

Contraindications for opioid agonists

A

Meperidine metabolites are neurotoxic, and increased cardiac workload

139
Q

Interactions with Opioid Agonists?

A

CNS Depressants, Anticholinergics, MAOIs, and Antihypertensives

140
Q

Antidote to opioid agonists?

A

Naloxone

141
Q

Important fact about opioid you need to assess?

A

Respirations

142
Q

What medicines are used for gout?

A

Colchicine, Indomethacin, Allopurinol, and Probenecid

143
Q

Colchicine and Indomethacin work how?

A

Lower inflammation by preventing leukocyte inflitration

144
Q

Allopurinol works how?

A

Inhibits production of uric acid

145
Q

Probenecid works how?

A

Inhibits reabsorption of uric acid by renal tubules

146
Q

What are Colc/Indo used for?

A

Acute gout

147
Q

What are allo/prob used for?

A

Hyperuricemia

148
Q

What is probenecid used for?

A

Prolong penicillin and cephalosporin effects

ATI Pharm Remediation (1 decks)

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