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Winter 2021 Finals > Pharm - Respiratory > Flashcards

Pharm - Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Anticholinergics mechanism (respiratory fluid)

A

Reduce production of fluid

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2
Q

Mucokinetic (expectorants) mechanism

A

increase production of fluid to prevent drying and aid in productiveness

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3
Q

Mucokinetic (expectorant) exemplar

A

Guaifenesin

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4
Q

Mucolytic mechanism

A

Liquefy mucous through breaking disulfide bonds

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5
Q

Mucolytic exemplar

A

NAC

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6
Q

NAC side effects

A

stomatitis, rhinorrhea, bronchospasm - infrequently used d/t these

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7
Q

Opioids exemplar

A

Codeine

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8
Q

Opioids mechanism

A

act within cough centres of the brain

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9
Q

Opioids side effects

A

development of tolerance and physical dependence, respiratory depression

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10
Q

Non-opioid exemplar

A

Dextromethorphan

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11
Q

Other antitussives

A

Menthol, honey (anything sweet)

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12
Q

Selective beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonists mechanism

A

causes muscle relaxation

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13
Q

Selective beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonists exemplars

A

Salbutamol, Salmeterol

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14
Q

Only drug to show beneficial effect in non-specific treatment of cough

A

Dextromethorphan, only in adults

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15
Q

Salbutamol info

A 
Short acting
Administered via MDI
Treats acute bronchospasm - rescue
Oral doses have slower onset, more side effects
4-5 hours duration of action
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16
Q

Salmeterol info

A

Long acting
Administered via accuhaler
Prevents bronchospasm (asthma, COPD)
Lipophilicity improves duration of action (10-12 hrs)

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17
Q

Anticholinergics mechanism (bronchodilation)

A

Bind to M3 receptors (in smooth muscle) and blocks cholinergic stimulation from the vagus nerve –> blocks rise in intracellular calcium and prevents bronchoconstriction

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18
Q

Anticholinergic exemplar

A

Tiotropium

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19
Q

Tiotropium adverse effects

A
  • HA, GI motility issues, dizziness, dry mouth

- Use in caution in pts w/ glaucoma prostatic hyperplasia, urinary retention and bladder neck obstruction

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20
Q

Methylxanthine mechanism

A

nonspecific inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzymes, complex mechanism

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21
Q

Methylxanthine exemplar

A

Theophylline

22
Q

Theophylline used for?

A

Inpatient method to control COPD, asthma, apnea, when others have failed

23
Q

Theophylline adverse effects

A
  • Narrow therapeutic index (5-15 mg/L), CYP3A family
  • GI distress at lower doses, CNS stimulation at higher
  • Cardiac stimulation
  • seizures and dysrhythmias
24
Q

Glucocorticoid exemplars

A

Fluticasne, prednisone, triamcinolone

25
Glucocorticoid mechanism
alter gene expression - increase transcription of beta 2 receptors and anti-inflammatory cytokines - decrease transcription of pro-inflam cytokines - induce apoptosis in pro-inflam cells
26
Glucocorticoids indications
prophylactic asthma management, COPD
27
Glucocorticoids adverse effects
adrenal insufficiency, thinned skin/ poor wound healing (long term), fungal infections, reduced growth velocity, cataracts and glaucoma, bone density loss
28
Glucocorticoids contraindications
- primary treatment of status asthmaticus or acute asthma episodes - Tb or untreated infection of respiratory system - abrupt discontinuation
29
Mast cell stabilizers (cromolyns) exemplar
Cromolyn sodium
30
Cromolyns mechanism
- inhibits release of inflammatory mediators | - inhibits immediate allergic response
31
Cromolyns indications
Solely prophylactic treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
32
Cromolyns safety profile
better than any other asthma medication, w/ minimal systemic absorption (>98% swallowed excreted in feces)
33
Cromolyns adverse effects
Remarkably non-toxic | throat irritation and cough, horrible taste
34
Leukotriene receptor inhibitors exemplar
Montelukast
35
Leukotriene receptor inhibitors mechanism
interact with receptors that cause smooth muscle contraction, eosinophil migration, and edema
36
Monteleukast indications
Adult and pediatric prophylactic and chronic asthma treatment additive to beta agonists and inhaled corticosteroids
37
Monteleukast adverse effects
Generally none, rare reports of liver injury, post marketing reports of neuropsych issues
38
Leukotriene formation inhibitors exemplar
Zileuton
39
Leukotriene formation inhibitors adverse effects
- CI liver disease d/t increase liver enzymes in 2% - possible sleep disorders/ behavioral changes - flu sydrome, HA, drowsiness, dyspepsia
40
Leuktriene formation inhibitors effects
same as monteleukast
41
H1 receptor antagonists mechanism
higher affinity for inactive receptor conformation --> block signal transduction mediates smooth muscle contraction and increases capillary permeability
42
H1 receptor antagonist first generation exemplar
Dipenhydramine
43
Dipenhydramine uses
allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, anaphylaxis, motion sickness/ nausea, sedation
44
Diphenhydramine adverse effects
Sedation, antiACh effects
45
H1 receptor antagonist 2nd gen exemplar
Cetirizine (most likely to cause drowsiness)
46
Cetirizine uses
allergic conjunctivitis, urticaria
47
Cetirizine adverse effects
dizziness, HA, insomnia, nervousness, drowsiness -- compounded with pseudoephedrine which can intensify
48
Quercetin
"Mast cell stabilizer" Reduces/ block histamine release for IgE eosinophils and basophils Urticaria and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
49
Rhinitis drugs
- H1 receptor antagonists - inhaled corticosteroids (triamcinolone) - alpha adrenergic receptor agonist
50
Alpha adrenergic receptor agonist exemplar (decongestants)
pseudoephedrine
51
alpha adrenergic receptor agonists mechanism
Sympathomimetic agent, constricts arterioles in nasal mucosa
52
Pseudoephedrine adverse effects
Rhinitis medicamentosa, nervousness/ anxiety, tremor, dizziness, insomnia, tachycardia

Winter 2021 Finals (6 decks)

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