Pharm Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is dose response relationship?
No response if dose is too low
What is it called when the response plateaus
Maximal efficacy or ceiling effect
What is potency
The dose that causes a specific response in a specific magnitude
When a drug causes the response at a lower dose it means it is more or less potent ?
More potent
What is quantal D-R curve ?
Determine dose that causes a specific response in group of subjects and determine drug safety
What two things does quantal Q-R curve measure
Median effective dose (ED50)
median toxic dose (TD 50)
What is median effective dose ?
Dose that causes beneficial effect in half the sample
What is median toxic dose
Dose that causes toxic effect in half the sample
Two analgesic medications are compared and it is found that 10 mg of drug A reduced headache pain by 50% but it takes 60 mg of drug B to cause a similar effect. We conclude that
Drug A is more potent
What is ADME
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
What is absorption
When the drug must move from sit of administration into another tissue
What are eternal routes of administration
Oral
Lingual
Sublingual
Buccal
Rectal
What are parenteral routes of administration
Injection
Inhalation
Topical
Transdermal
What is bioavailability
The percent of the administered dose that appears in the bloodstream
What is the first pass effect
If the drug is administered orally, some is destroyed in the liver
What is drug distribution
When the drug crosses membranes and tissues to reach target site
What is drug distribution effected by
Administration route
Physiocochemical properties
Binding to plasma proteins
Barriers and carriers
What are primary drug storage sites
Fat, muscle, bone, liver, kidneys
What is the primary problem of storage
Local tissue damage
Redistribution
What is the primary site of metabolism
The liver
What are phase 1 rxns
Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis
What are phase 2 rxns
Conjunction
What is the primary sister of excretion
The kidneys
What is drug clearance
The rate the drug can be removed completely from the body
What 2 variables does clearance depend on
Blood flow to the organs
Extraction ration
When will a drug clear best
If an organ has high blood flow
What is half life ?
Amount of time required for 50% of the active form of the drug to be eliminated
What is aspirin half life
2-3 hrs
T/f: drugs given continuously can maintain a fairly stable level of drug in the blood stream
True
T/f: drugs given intermittently will cause leaks and troughs in plasma levels
True
Why should a PT take a med history
May be the primary care Dr
What are analgesics
Opioids
Non opioids
What are anti inflammatory agents
NSAIDS
Glucocorticoids
What do opioids do?
Alter pain perception
What are common opioids
Codeine
Fentanyl
Hydrocodone
Oxycodone
What are strong agonist opioids
Morphine
Meperidine
Fentanyl
What are moderate agonist opioids
Codeine
Oxycodone
What are opioid antagonists
Naloxone
Naomefene
