Pharm pre test Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

what are common fungal infections requiring treatment?

yeasts, molds, athletes fooot, oral candidiasis

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what is it called when candidiasis occurs in the mouth?

oral candidiasis/thrush

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what medications treats oral candidiasis/thrush?

nystatin

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what makes women at highher risk for vaginal candidiasis?

oral contraceptives, pregannacy

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what medications treat vaginal candidiasis?

fluconazole

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what is the difference between systemic and cutaneous/subcutaneous fungal infections?

systemic can be life-threatening because it involves the body systems, whereas the other is not

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what antifungals are used to treat systemic mycoses?

amphotericin B, fluconazole, nystatin, terbinafine, ketonazole

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when are topical antifungals used?

treatment of dermatomycoses, oral and vaginal mycoses

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What are side effects of amphotericin B? (SABA)
a. dysrhythmias, neurotixcity
b. renal toxicity, pulmonary infiltrated
c. fever, child
d. headache, hypotension, GI prob.
e. all of the above

all of the above

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how are amphotericin B effects reduced?

by diluting it

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What are nursing indications for IV antifungals?

monitor vital signs every 15 minutes once IV has started, tissue extravasation of fluconazole at the IV site lead to tissue necrosis therefore, check the site hourly and document the assessment

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What drug is used for ophthalmic use?

natamycin

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which drug can pass into the CSF and treat cryptococcla meningitis?

fluconazole

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where are onychomycoses infections typically seen in the body?

skin, hair, nails

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tineapedis

athletes foot

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tineacrusis

jock itch

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tineacorporis

ringworm

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What are concerns related to the P-450 enzyme?

dysrhythmias, pregannacy = fetal harm; category D

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which medicayiton can cause optic neuritis?

ethambutol

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optic neuritis

blindness

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what medications cause bodily fluids, waste, and contact lenses to turn red-orange-brown in color?

rifabutin, rifampin, rifapentine

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what do women of child brearing age need to be taught regarding medication effectiveness?

reduce effectiveness of oral contraceptive

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why should a patient’s uric acid level be monitored

monitor uric acid levels during therapy, and advise patients to report any symptoms of gout

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What are the symptoms of gout?

hot painful, or swollen joints of the big toe, knee, or ankle

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what medications are related to uric acid?

PZA (Pyranzimide)

What are adverse reactions for antitubercular drugs?

ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, vision problems, GI problsm, feve,r jaundice

what is the black bow warninig for INH?

pyrodixone adn liver toxicity

what vitamin becomes low when taking INH?

vitamin B6

what are the initial goals of treatment for antitubercular drugs?

reduction of cough reduction of infectious pateint

How long until the transmission process of antitubercular last?

2 weeks

what are the two primary mechanisms of action for TB drugs?

inhibiting protein synthesis inhibiting cell wall synthesis, or other mechanisms

how does treatment change when teh culture results are received?

once drug susceptibility results are available, the regimen is adjusted accordingly

What are the four common drugs started prior to culture results?

isoniazid rifampin pyrazinamide (PZA) ethambutol or streptomycin

what drug is given for TB prophylaxis?

INH

what are the classes of antitubercular drugs?

INH (first-line drug) rifampin (second-line drug)

what minority groups are at high risk of getting TB?

white, hispanic, asian - those in third world countries

MRD-TB

resistant both (INH) and rifampin

XDR-TB

drug resistant, rare

how is TB transmitted?

through human, cattle, or birds

how do hospitals contain the transmission?

droplet precautions and medication antibiotics for 2 weeks until not contagious any more

What is PPD?

TB skin test

who should not get a PPD test?

pregnancy, HIV people, those younger than 6 months

What is tuberculosis?

medical diagnosis for any infetions caused by a bacterial belie known as mycobacterium

where are common sites for infeciton and why?

lungs (granulomas), lymph nodes, brain (cerebral cortex), bone (growing ends)

what are less common sites for infections of TB?

liver, kidney, GI

is every patient that has TB sick?

no, varies depending on the person

what are common protozoal infections?

malaria, emabiasis, giardiasis

how are protozoal infections transmitted?

person-to-person contact, ingestion of contaiminated water or food, direct contact with the parasite, bite of an insect (mosquitor/tick)

what are the classic symptoms of malaria?

malaria paroxysm

malaria paroxsym

fever of 104 and diaphoresis, leading to extreme fatigue and prolonged sleeping

What are the life cycle of malaria

asexual (exoerythrocytic) sexual (erythrocyticphase)

asexual cycle (out)

outside aka tissue phase

sexual cycle (in)

aka blood phase

how does this affect medications given for prophylaxis?

when used for prophylaxis, drugs should be started 1-2 weeks before potential exposure to malaria and 4-8 hours after. - medications are taken weekly with 8 oz of water

which drug works during both phase sof the life cycle?

primaquine

what adjunct drugs are typically used with antimalarial drugs?

antibiotics: sulfonamides, tetracycline, clindamycin

why are ajdunct drugs used?

used in combination with antimalarials for synergistic effect

what drug has antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and anthelmintic properties?

metronidazole

what drug has antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and anthelmintic properties?

metronidazole

what drug has antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and anthelmintic properties?

mentronidazole

how long should alcohol be avoided when using metronidazole

24 hours before therapy and 48 hours after last dose

what antimalarial drug is used for RA and SLE?

hydroxychloroquine

why is hydroxychloroquine helpful for RE and SLE (lupus) treatment?

has antiinflammatory effects

how is giardiadid and trichomonad transmitted?

person-to-person contact, ingestion of contaminated water or food, direct contact with the parasite, and bite of an insect

cestodes

tapeworms

nematodes

roundworms

trematodes

flukes

platyhelminthes

flatworm

what are common anthelminitc drugs?

praziquantel, pyrantel, albendazole, ivermectin

praziquantel

treat fluke infections and tapeworms

pyrantel

treat rounworms

adverse effects of anthelmintics drugs

gi prob., headache

what patient teaching is relevant with anthelmintic drugs?

take with food take as prescribed some drugs can cause asparagus-like odor or unusual skin color, or metallic taste be sure to warn the patient ahead of time,