Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm 1 Final > Pharm One Final 2 - ADME pharmokinetics > Flashcards

Pharm One Final 2 - ADME pharmokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

What are ADVERSE REACTIONS?

A

UNINTENTIONAL
UNEXPECTED
UNDESIRABLE

Range from mild to severe.
Always STOP a drug if they are having and
ADVERSE REACTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If a drug with a half-life of more than 24 hours is prescribed to be given more than once a day, should the nurse question the health care provider?

True or False.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Patients with kidney disease may have fewer protein-binding sites and are at a risk for drug toxicity.

When drug metabolism is reduced excess drug accumulation can occur and cause toxicity.

These are examples of:
Pharmacokinetics or
Pharmacotherapeutics

A

PharmacoKINETICS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A drug NOT bound to a PROTEIN is an active drug

True or False

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of these three items can change ABSORPTION?

Modifying gastric emptying times
Changing gastric pH
Forming drug complexes

A

All three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is drug TOXICITY?

A

Drug levels that exceed the therapeutic range
and INCREASE ADVERSE EFFECTS.

If a drug is TOXIC always stop it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Four Factors that can cause Drug TOXICITY?

A
  • Excessive Dose - accidental or intentional
  • Disease - commorbities
  • Age
  • Genetics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an AGONIST DRUG?

A

Agonist ACTIVATE receptors and produce a DESIRED response.
Examples:

  • Nicoderm/Smoking patch is an AGONIST at nicotine receptors.
  • Heroin, oxycodone, methadone, hydrocodone, morphine, and opium are full AGONISTS at opioid receptors.

-Tylenol and Morphine together - Agonistic effect
They work together, block pain receptor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an ANTAGONIST drug?

A

A drug that prevents receptor activation.
It BLOCKS the receptor site.

-Narcan and Heroin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List examples of ANTAGONIST DRUGS -

A
  • Beta BLOCKERS antagonists for receptor sites for Epi and NorEpi
  • FAMOTIDINE (Pepcid) is an antagonist (H2 Blocker) that competes with histamine for H2 receptor sites in the stomach. It can decrease amount HCL acid produced.
  • PROTAMINE is an antagonist to HEPARIN, when given IV. It will bind to HEPARIN and form an inactive complex.
  • VITAMIN K is an antagonist to Warfarin.
  • NALOXONE is an antagonist to morphine sulfate.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 considerations for

GERIATRIC DRUG DOSES?

A

Not so quick to give meds with elderly

Body Weight
Lab Results (Liver and Kidney)
Comorbid Health problems

lower doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Geriatric Drug Doses

What conditions might cause the dose to be LOWERED?

A
  1. Decease in Bodyweight
  2. Decrease in Kidney Function (BUN/Creatinine,) GFR)
  3. Decrease in Body Water
  4. Diminishing Hepatic Clearance
  5. Diuretics - volume depletion
  6. Bleeding from anti-coagulants
  7. GI Irritation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List 6 Problems with Geriatric drug administration.

A
  1. Lack of coordinated care
  2. Recent hospital D/C
  3. Self-treatment
  4. Several comorbidities
  5. Sensory and physical changes.
  6. Cognitive impairment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Geriatric Drug Administration

Name an important consideration in adding a medication

A

Will the medication cause additional medical problems?

Risk/Benefit ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PHARMOCOKINETICS - ADME -GERIATRICS

A = Absorption Issues

A

Geriatric ADME ABSORPTION

  1. GI changes -Everything SLOWS down
    (Decrease in SM surface area, gastric emptying, gastric acid, gastric blood flow)
  2. Swallowing difficulties
  3. Poor nutrition
  4. Feeding Tubes

Slower absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PHARMOCOKINETICS - ADME -GERIATRICS

D= Distribution

A

GERATIRIC

  1. Decline in muscle.
  2. Increase in fat so lipid soluble drugs stored longer with prolonged action. (TOXICITY)
  3. Reduced albumin, so decreased protein binding, and increased free drugs, which increases TOXICITY.

MORE fat, LESS protein - INCREASED TOXICITY

17
Q

PHARMOCOKINETICS - ADME -GERIATRICS

M=Metabolism

A

GERATRIC ADME METABOLISM

LIVER

  1. Decreased hepatic blood flow (LIVER) and enzyme activity.
  2. Prolonged Half-Life (TOXICITY)

Less blood
Less enzymes
Takes longer to metabolize

18
Q

PHARMOCOKINETICS - ADME -GERIATRICS

E= Excretion

A

Geriatrics. ADME. EXCRETION

  1. Decreased renal function.
  2. Prolonged Half-Life
  3. Elevated drug levels.

TOXICITY

19
Q

PharmacoDYNAMICS - -GERIATRICS

Where are effects most frequently found

A

CV and CNS

20
Q

PharmacoDYNAMICS - -GERIATRICS

What receptors are reduced?

A
  • Dopaminergic
  • Cholinergic
  • Adrenergic
21
Q

PharmacoDYNAMICS - -GERIATRICS

How is the brain affected?

A
  1. Less blood flow to the brain

2. BBB is more permeable

Pharm 1 Final (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions