Pharm NCLEX Flashcards

Question

examples of selective seratonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) - most common antidepressants

Answer 1

``` fluoxetine (prozac) paroxetine (paxil) sertraline (zoloft) citalopram (celexa) escitalopram (lexapro) ```

Answer 2

conserves seratonin ONLY | no CV effects

Answer 3

``` depression bipolar obesity eating disorders OCD ```

Answer 4

n/v fatigue weight increase/decrease urinary retention

Answer 5

``` suicidal recautions for 2-3 weeks minimum may take 4 weeks to take full effect take in morning monitor nutrition and fluids turns urine pink increased anticoag ```

Answer 6

duloxetine (cymbalta) | venlafaxine (effexor)

Answer 7

conserves seratonin & norepi

Answer 8

depression general anxiety pain r/t diabetic neuropathy

Answer 9

compete with other protein-binding drugs and increase function

Answer 10

lithium carbonate (eskalith, lithobid)

Answer 11

mania | bipolar

Answer 12

increased fall risk serum target = 0.8-1.2 encourage fluids

Answer 13

``` thorazine (chlorpromainzine) low trilafon (perphenazine) haldol (haloperidol) ```

Answer 14

block dopamine receptors at basal ganglia

Answer 15

acute and chronic psychosis

Answer 16

``` akathisia (motor restlessness) dyskinesia (abnormal voluntary movement) dystonia (abnormal movement of face/mouth) parkinson's syndrome tardive dyskinesias ortho hypo constipation urine retention photosensitivity ```

Answer 17

check CBC avoid alcohol and caffeine slows child growth use sunscreen

Answer 18

clozapine (clozaril) arlpioprazole (abilify) risperidone (risperidol) olanzapine (zyprexia)

Answer 19

blocks dopamine

Answer 20

acute/chronic psychosis (bipolar, depression, autism, schitzo, tourettes) nausea anorexia

Answer 21

``` decreased LOC delerium ortho hypo dizziness photosensitivity constipation leukopenia ```

Answer 22

``` change positions slowly fall risk use sunscreen d/c slowly monitor liver and kidneys ```

Answer 23

``` cyolobenzaprime (flexeril) carisoprodol (soma) mitaxalone (robaxin) baclofen (lioresal) dantrolene (dantroium) ```

Answer 24

majority act in CNS | some act directly and resemble GABA

Answer 25

diseases involving muscle spacicity | MS

Answer 26

``` euphoria lightheadedness dizziness fatigue muscle weakness n/v decreased LOC ```

Answer 27

high fall risk long half life monitor response and adverse reactions

Answer 28

``` phenytoin (dilantin) carbamazepine (tegretol) clonazepam (klonopin) fosphenytoin (cerebex) valporic acid (depakote) phenobarbitol (luminol) valium (diazepam) gabapentine (neurontin) ```

Answer 29

decreased flow of calcium and sodium in neurons | decreased CNS

Answer 30

seizures convulsions epillepsy neuropathic pain

Answer 31

``` decreased RR gingival hyperplasia decreased LOC confusion slurred spech ataxia GI sensitivity ```

Answer 32

D/C slowly monitor I&O caution w meds that lower seizure threshold (MAOIs, anti-psychs) take with food no alcohol good oral care * dilantin: slow IV admin to avoid cardiac arrest; turns urine pink; never mix w any other meds only NS; gingivital hyperplasia * depekote: never drink carbonated beverages!

Answer 33

benztropine (cogentin procyclidine trihexylphenidyl dihenhydramine (benadryl)

Answer 34

blocks ACH and decreases tremors and skeletal muscle response

Answer 35

parkinsons symptoms: pill rolling, head bobbing

Answer 36

decreased emesis decreased salivation decreased GI and constipation decreased mictruration

Answer 37

``` ortho hypo never D/C quickly monitor for urinary retetnion don't take with antacids take with food avoid CNS depressants ```

Answer 38

``` bromocriptine pergolide pramipexole levodopa carbidopa (increases fxn of levodopa) entracapone (decreases dopa breakdown) selegiline tolcapone ```

Answer 39

decreased LOC dizziness ataxia anticholinergic effects(dry mouth, urinary retention, blurry vision)

Answer 40

benzocaine lidocaine prilocaine tetracaine

Answer 41

acts on local nerve fibers

Answer 42

suturing, dental procedures, diagnostic procedures

Answer 43

pancuronium (pavulon) succinylcholine vecuronium

Answer 44

paralyzing effect but patient is conscious assisted ventilation minor surgery

Answer 45

capsacian/cayene pepper kava kava valerian chamomile

Answer 46

sumatriptan (imitrex) | migranol

Answer 47

amphetamines: Adderall, Dexedrine, Dextrostat, Vyvanse methamphetamine methylphenidate: metadate, concerta, daytrana, ritalin, methylin, quillivant, focalin non-stimulants: atomaxetine (strattera), clonidine (kapvay),guanfacine (intuniv)

Answer 48

orlistat (xenical/Alli) | phentermine (lonamin)

Answer 49

orlistat: inhibits lipase/dietary fat uptake lonamin: enhances metabolism similar to amphetamines

Answer 50

``` increased BP uncontrolled HTN drug abuse anxiety headache GI distruptions ```

Answer 51

``` dobutamine dopamine epinephrine sphedrine fenoldopam norepinephrine phenylephrine ```

Answer 52

``` response varies by dose generally: vasoconstriction (pressor) increased stroke volume (inotrope) increased HR (chronotrope) ```

Answer 53

``` MI shock COPD hypotension anaphylaxis HF ```

Answer 54

``` increased BP headache excitement anti-cholinergic dysrhythmia HTn tachycardia ```

Answer 55

``` monitor Bp and peripheral pulse monitor UO monitor IV for infiltration tricyclics and MAOIs may cause HTn crisis antihistamines increase function ```

Answer 56

``` cardura (doxazosin) phenoocybenzamine pazosin terazosin phentolamine tamulosin ```

Answer 57

arerial and venous dilation | decreased BPH urinary obsruction

Answer 58

``` diabetic neuropathy stroke prevention HTn BPH reverses extravvasation of pressors ```

Answer 59

``` reflex tachy orthostatic HTN nasal congestion n/v dizzy headache fatigue increased edema ```

Answer 60

give 1st dose at bed to decrease ortho hypo monitor BUN monitor weight and edema

Answer 61

``` albuterol formoterol levabuterol salmeterol terbutaline ephedrine epinephrine ```

Answer 62

bronchodilation | relaxes uterine muscles

Answer 63

asthma bronchitis COPD stops premature labor

Answer 64

tachycardia dysrhythmias palpitations anticholinergic effects

Answer 65

monitor bp & HR | use bronchodilator first

Answer 66

``` atenolol esmolol metropolol carvedilol propanolol sotalol ```

Answer 67

decreased exciteabikity of heart decreased o2 consumption decreased BP, HR and SV

Answer 68

``` HTN angina SVT HF migraines ```

Answer 69

``` decreased HR increased HTN n/v dizziness decreased LOC bronchospasm vasoconstriction impotence ```

Answer 70

report constipation can mask signs of shock and hypoglycemia avoid caffeine and alcohol

Answer 71

``` bethanechol echothiophate carbachol pilocarpine edrophonium physostigmine pyridostigmine doneprazil galantamine memantine ginko ```

Answer 72

increased parasympathetic response

Answer 73

``` decreased GI/Gu motility glaucoma/intraocular surgery diagnosed myesthinia gravis reverse NMBD anticholinergic OD alzheimers ```

Answer 74

``` decreased HR vasodilation hypotension syncope bronchoconstriction increaesd GI secretion increased Gi motility increased mictration diaphoresis abd cramps n/v bradycardia asystole ```

Answer 75

for OD give atropine interacts with anticholinergics/antihistamines/androgens take 30 mins before meals for optimal digestive effect DO NOT USE with asthma, peptic ulcers, GI/GU obstructions keep atropine at bedside improves symptoms but does not cure disease

Answer 76

``` atropine dicyclomine glycopyrrolate oxybutynin scopalomine tolterodine tiotropium ```

Answer 77

increase dose = increases HR decreased dose = lowers HR inhibits action of ACH

Answer 78

``` ACLS COPD asthma exercise bronchospasms chronic bronchitis irritable bowel syndrome urinary incontinence acute pancreatitis preop motion sickness ```

Answer 79

``` change in HR mydriasis decreased Gi motility delirium urinary retention decreased secretions dilates bronchi ```

Answer 80

``` OD is fatal - give physostigmine monitor UP contraindicated for glaucoma increases photosensitivity give 30 mins before meals or 2 hours after danger of heatstroke ```

Answer 81

clonidine | methyldopa

Answer 82

decreased SNS activity in brain | decreased renin from kidneys

Answer 83

HTN drug/alcohol withdrawl preferred for pregnancy but still risky

Answer 84

ortho hypo fatigue dizziness

Answer 85

``` fall risk don't stop abruptly monitor fluid retention change position slowly monitor VS ```

Answer 86

doxazsin tamulosin terazosin pazosin

Answer 87

peripheral vasodilation

Answer 88

ortho hypo fatigue dizziness

Answer 89

monitor BUN, weight and edema | careful moving pts, dizziness

Answer 90

``` nebivolol propanolol atenolol metropolol esmolol labetalol ```

Answer 91

decrease HR decrease renin can also cause peripheral vasodilation

Answer 92

``` HTN exertional angina cardio protective after MI dysrhythmias HF ```

Answer 93

ortho hypo fatigue weakness bronchoconstriction

Answer 94

carvedilol | labetalol

Answer 95

decrease HR | vasodilation

Answer 96

HTN | acute HF

Answer 97

ortho Hypo

Answer 98

``` lisinopril catopril benzapril enalapril fosinopril ```

Answer 99

decrease angiotension II (vasodilation) decrease aldsterone (decrease blood volume) increases diuresis

Answer 100

HTN HF cardioprotective after an MI renal protective for diabetics

Answer 101

``` GI upset ortho hypo dizzy hyperkalemia fatigue dry cough ```

Answer 102

losartan esporsartan valsartan irbesarton

Answer 103

decrease vasoconstriction | decrease aldosterone

Answer 104

``` ortho hypo dizzy resp infection GI distress NO COUGH ```

Answer 105

amlodipine nifedipine verapamil diltiazem

Answer 106

coronary and peripheral vasodilation | decreases afterload

Answer 107

``` HTn angina dysrhythmias migraines raynaud's disease ```

Answer 108

``` ortho hypo dizzy GI distress renal failure angioedema constipation ```

Answer 109

hydralazine minodixil sodium nitroprusside

Answer 110

relaxes vascular smooth muscle increases arteriolar vasodilator decreases afterload increases venous dillation

Answer 111

HTN | HTN emergency

Answer 112

tachy | increased body hair

Answer 113

nitroglycerine isosorbide dinitrate isosorbide mononitrate

Answer 114

vasodilation particularly coronary arteries

Answer 115

acute angina angina prophylactic decreases BP

Answer 116

headache | reflex tachycardia

Answer 117

tolderance can build take drug holiday at night store in cool/dry place

Answer 118

nesiritride | give for HF w dyspnea at rest

Answer 119

milrinone increases SV and vasodilation used for HF in ICU setting

Answer 120

digoxin decreases HR, increases SV, increases perfusion used for systolic HF, SVT, A fib, dyspnea and cynosis side effects: colored vision, dysrhythmia, bradycardia considerations: fiber decreaess fxn, monitor serum level .5-2, apical pulse for 1 minute, notify MD if

Answer 121

``` procainamide quinidine lidocaine flecainide propafenone ```

Answer 122

decrease myocardial activity and inhibit calcium impulse

Answer 123

atrial and ventrical tachy ventricular fib artiral fib life threatening vent dysrhythmia

Answer 124

amiodarone ibutilide doefetilide sotalol

Answer 125

SVT vent dysrhythmias atrial fib

Answer 126

dysrhythmias headache chestpain

Answer 127

diltiazem | verapamil

Answer 128

CVA adjunct | a fib

Answer 129

SVT IV push for emergency 10 second half life!

Answer 130

heparin enoxaparin dalteparin coumadin/warfarin

Answer 131

heparin: blocks conversion of prothrombin coumadin: interferes w/ synthesis of vit-k - pegnancy catergory D

Answer 132

prevent pulm embolism prevent VTE prevent CVA prophylaxis after MI

Answer 133

hematuria, melena, ecchymosis, alopecia | hemmorhage, significant interaction with protein-bound drugs

Answer 134

argatroban dabigatran fondaparinux

Answer 135

aspirin clopidrogel eptifibatide dipridamole

Answer 136

aminocaproic streptokinase urokinase tissue plasminogen activator

Answer 137

MI DVT occlusions of shunts and catheters

Answer 138

``` pavastatin fluvastatin rosuvastatin pitavastatin gamfibrozil niacin garlic flax omega 3s ```

Answer 139

GI upset, rash, headache, myopathy

Answer 140

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: acetazolamide LOOP diuretics: furosemide, ethacrynic acid, torsemide osmotic diuretics: mannitol potassium sparing diuretics: spirinolactone

Answer 141

glaucoma edema altitude sickness

Answer 142

caution with digoxin for toxicity

Answer 143

renal protective early renal failure ICP

Answer 144

metabolic acidosis hypertension hyperaldosteronism *caution with use with ACE inhibitors and nsaids

Answer 145

hydrochlorothiazide | metolazone

Answer 146

``` octrocide (decreases GH) somatotropin (mimics endogenous GH) nutropin vasopressin (antidiuretic, mimics ADH) desmopressin cosyntropin (releases cortisol from adrenal cortex) ```

Answer 147

levothyroxine levothroid synthroid

Answer 148

propylthiouracil (PTU) | supresses T3 T4

Answer 149

``` rapid acting 15 minute onset 3-5 hr duration 1-2 hour peak SQ use within 15 minutes of meals ```

Answer 150

``` short acting 0.5-1hr onset lasts 6-10 hours peak 2-4 hours used for DKAonly used for IV bolus ```

Answer 151

``` intermediate acting 1-2 hour onset 10-18 hour duration 4-10 hour peak SQ will be cloudy/opaque ```

Answer 152

``` insulin glargren/lantus insulin detimir take once or twice daily onset 3-4 hours slow release means no peak ```

Answer 153

decreaes glucose synthesis in liver | first line drug for type 2 DM

Answer 154

increases insulin from pancreas | glipizide, glyburide, glimepride

Answer 155

mineral corticoid used for addisons/adrenal insufficiencies monitor glucose and potassiu m

Answer 156

``` hydrocortisone prednisone methylprednisone triaminolone - anti-inflamm immunosupressants - used for chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis, COPD, exema, GI inflamm, transplants ```

Answer 157

``` biphosphates alendronate ibandronate risedronate zoledronic acid raloxifene tamoxifen calcitonin ```

Answer 158

hydroxyprogesterone medroxyprogesterone magestrol levogestrel

Answer 159

``` oxymetholone oxandrolone nandrolone finasteride testosterone ```

Answer 160

sildenafil vardenafil tadalafil

Answer 161

- co-trimoxazole, bactrim, septra - used for: uti, hiv - side effects: sulfa allergy - may also be allergic to sulfonylureas

Answer 162

- penicillin G, nafcillin, cloxacillin, amoxicillin - used for: gram post bacteria, UTI, skin, eyes, ears - cross allergy with cephalosporins - monitor liver enzymes, BUN

Answer 163

``` cefazolin cephalexin cefoxtin cefuroxime ceftriaxone - take with food re: to GI upset - cross allergy with PCN - avoid alcohol ```

Answer 164

``` erythromycin azithromycin dlarithromycin fidaxomicin - used for: influenza, ghonorrhea, chlymydia, c-diff ```

Answer 165

demeclocyline doxycycline tigecycline - used for: pneumonia, many resistance bugs, rocky mtn spotted fever, acne - side effects: discoloration of teeth, photosensitivity, diarrhea, GI upset, rash - dont take with dairy, use sunblock

Answer 166

amikacin gentamycin tobramycin neomycin -can be used for MRSA and other resistant bacteria - side effects: hearing loss, tinnitus, nephrotoxicity

Answer 167

ciprofloxin | levofloxacin

Answer 168

terbinaffine nystatin fluconazole

Answer 169

``` indomethacin ketorolac ibuprofin naprocen celecoxib acetylsaliclyc acid - ```

Answer 170

allopurinol colchicine probenecid

Answer 171

diphenhydramine fexofenidine loratadine cetirizine

Answer 172

pseudoephedrine flunisone fluctisone

Answer 173

albuterol metaproterenol levalbuterol

Answer 174

``` salmeterol formoterol ipratropium caffeine theophyline montelukast ```

Answer 175

albuterol metaproterenol levalbuterol

Answer 176

vasoconstriction | contraction of smooth muscle

Answer 177

inhibits release of norepi

Answer 178

increased heart rate increased contraction increased renin release/BP

Answer 179

bronchodilation