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Pharm > Pharm NBEO > Flashcards

Pharm NBEO Flashcards

1
Q

Botox

Botulinum toxin

A

Ach Block, Injection

Blocks Ach release at the NMJ

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2
Q

Amphetamine

A

Adrenergic Agonists A and B
Releases and blocks Reuptake
Stimulant

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3
Q

Clonidine

Catapres

A

Adrenergic Agonist A2
Decrease Vascular Res. and HR
Increases PS tone
Lowers IOP

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4
Q

Cocaine

A

Adrenergic Agonist A, B, CNS Blocks REUPTAKE. Stimulant

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5
Q

Isoproterenol Isuprel

A

Adrenergic Agonist B1, B2

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6
Q

Naphazoline

Naphcon

A

Adrenergic Agonists A>B VasoConstrict

OTC decongestant, Chronic use Myd

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7
Q

Phenylephrine

Neo-Synephrine

A

Adrenergic A1. NO beta
DILATE- via rec. on radial m.
Muscarinic Rec. TUG against effect

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8
Q

Tetrahydrozoline

Visine

A

Adrenergic ag. A>B
Vasoconstriction
Chronic Myd and rebound hyperemia

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9
Q

Albuterol

A

Adrenergic Agonist. Bronchodilator
Short Acting Beta-2 agonist
Can increase IOP (B2 rec in ciliary body)
Anti-COPD, anti-bronchospasm

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10
Q

levalbuterol

A

Adrenergic Agonist- Bronchodilator
Short acting Beta2
Can raise IOP

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11
Q

metaproterenol

A

Adrenergic ag. no longer used due to beta 1 effects

Bronchodilator B2>B1

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12
Q

salmeterol

A

Alpha Ag. Long acting B2
Bronchodilator. Anit-Asthma/ COPD
LONG acting- NOT rescue inhaler

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13
Q

Terbutaline

Brethine

A

Alpha Agonist. Short acting Beta2
Can raise IOP
For bronchospasm

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14
Q

Epinephrine

A

Adrenergic Agonist. CATECHOLAMINE.

A1,A2,B1, B2

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15
Q

Nor-Epinephrine

A

Adrenergic Agonist, A1, A2, B1

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16
Q

Psuedophedrine

Sudafed

A

Adrenergic agonist, Cold med A, B, CNS
Cis-enantiomers differs from Ephedrine
Mydriasis, Raised IOP, BP, and HR

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17
Q

Apraclonidine

Iopidine

A

Adrenergic Agonists, Glaucoma
A2, with lim. A1
Tachyphylaxis and Allergic Reactions

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18
Q

Brimonidine

Alphagan-P

A

Adrenergic agonist- Glaucoma
A2 highly selectiv- Decrease aq inflow
Neuroprotective

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19
Q

Prazosin

Minipress

A

Adrenergic ANTAGONIST
A-blockers BPHa1 BLock
Relaxes Smooth Muscle

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20
Q

Tamsulosin

Flomax

A

Adrenergic Antagonists. A-block BPHa1
Relaxes Sm muscle.
Floppy Iris syndrome

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21
Q

Terazosin

A

Adrenergic Antagonist BPHa1

relaxes sm. mus

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22
Q

Atenolol

A

Adrenergic Antagonist
Beta Blocker B1 specific,
Decreases HTN

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23
Q

Betaxolol

Betopic S

A

Adrenergic Antagonist- BETA-blocker
B1 Specific Heart Specific
No lung effect but can worsen CHF
Neuroprotective

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24
Q

carteolol

ocupress

A

Adren, Antagonist, Beta Blocker
Non-selective, lowers IOP inflow
Less nocturnal bradycardia
Decreased Cholesterol

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25
Q

labetalol

trandate

A

Adrenergic Antagonist, Beta blockers A1, A@, B1, Decreases CHF and HTN

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26
Q

levobunolol

Betagan

A

Ad. Antagonist. B-blocker Non-selective

decreases inflow of aq

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27
Q

metipranolol

opri-pran

A

Nonselective beta blocker

Lowers inflow

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28
Q

metoprolol

Lopressor

A

Adren. Antagonist, Beta Blocker,
B1 specific
decreases HTN

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29
Q

propranolol

inderol

A

ad. antagonist beta blocker B1, B2

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30
Q

timolol

timoptic

A

adrenergic antagonist- beta blocker

Non-selective, decreases inflow, dec. HTN

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31
Q

Pegatanib

Macugen

A

AMD- VEGf inhibitor

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32
Q

Ranibizumab

Lucentis

A

AMD-VEGf inhibitor

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33
Q

Sumatriptan

Imitrex

A

Analgesic- Migraine Therapy 5-HT1B /1D receptor agonist.

vasoCONSTRICTION. NAION maybe

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34
Q

codeine

paramol

A

Analgesic- Opiate Agonist

Mu Kappa Delta agonist

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35
Q

Merperidine

Demerol

A

Analgesic- Opiate Agonist at Mu Kappa Delat
Pinpoint pupils
Nausea, Constipation,
RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION

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36
Q

Oxycodone

Roxicodone

A

Analgesic Opiate agonist Mu Kappa Delta

GI nausea, vomitting, dyspepsia, dry mount

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37
Q

Hydrocodone

Vicodin

A

Analgesic- Opiate agonist (combo)
Mu Kappa Delta
Codeine + Thebaine Combo

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38
Q

Acetaminophen

Tylenol

A

Analgesic (NON opiate) not understood
Also anti-inflammatory (barely inhibits prostaglandin syn.)
High LIVER TOXICITY

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39
Q

Cyclobezaprine

Flexeril

A

Analgesic (non-opiate)
Decreases somatic MOTOR
treat muscle spasms FLEX

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40
Q

Tramadol

Ultram

A

Analgesic (non-opiate)
Mu receptor agonist
Inhibits NE and SE uptake

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41
Q

Excedrine

A

Analgesic (non-opiate)
anti-inflamatory
acetaminophen/ aspirin caffeine combo

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42
Q

Naloxone

Narcan

A

Analgesic ANTAGONIST
Opiate ANTAGONIST
Reverses opiate effects

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43
Q

Proparacaine

Opthaine

A

Anesthetic (local-ocular)
Stops Na influx
blocks nerve depolariztion
10-20s for 20min

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44
Q

lidocaine

xylocaine

A

anesthetic

Relieve post herpetic neuralgia

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45
Q

brompheniramine

dimetane

A

Anti-ALLERGY anti-HISTAMINE
1st gen H1 blocker CNS
anti-cholinergic effects (H1)

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46
Q

chlorpheniramine malate

Chlor-Trimeton

A

Anti-allergy, Anti-histmamine

1st gen H1 CNS anticholinergic

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47
Q

diphenhydramine

benadryl

A

anti-allergy antihistamine 1st gen H1 CNS H1 blocker (anticholinergic) Autonomic

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48
Q

promethazine

phenergan

A

anti-allergy 1st gen H1 blocker
anticholinergic
anti-nausea, motion sickness, anti-emetic
Tx insomnia if benzo are C/I

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49
Q

cetrizine

Zyrtec

A

Anti-Allergy
2nd gen H1 blocker
Ocular Gyric Crisis (Eye Rolling Seizure)

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50
Q

emedastine

emadine

A

Anti-allergy
2nd gen H1 (no CNS)
Only topical H1 ophthalmic w/o Mast Cell S

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51
Q

fexofenadine

allegra

A

Anti-allergy

2nd gen H1 no CNS

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52
Q

loratadine

claritin

A

anti-allergy
2nd gen H1 no CNS
OTC

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53
Q

azelastine

optivar

A

Anti-allergy Combo H1/ MCS
Ophthalmic Combo
blocks H1 and Ca influx on Mast cells

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54
Q

bepotasine

Bepreve

A

anti-allergy combo
ophthalmic
sulfa?

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55
Q

epinastine

elestat

A

anti-allergy combo ophthalmic

H1/ Ca influx blocker

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56
Q

ketotifen

Alaway/ Zaditior

A

anti-allergy combo
ophthalmic/ oral/ OTC
H1 and Ca influx blocker

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57
Q

olopatadine

pataday/ patanol

A

anti-allergy combo
oral, intranasal, ophthalmic
H1 and Ca influx blocker

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58
Q

cromolyn sodium

Crolom

A

anti-allergy
mast cell stabilizer
prevents Ca influx
stabilizes the membrane and prevents degranulation
The + ion depolarizes cell and degranulates it. Releases histamine. Blocks all this

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59
Q

lodoxamide

alomide

A

anti-allergy Mast cell stabilizer

stabilize cell prevent degran

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60
Q

nedocromil

tilade

A

anti-allergy Mast Cell Stab.
Inhaler that was pulled
Alocril if topical

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61
Q

pemirolast

Alamast

A

anit-allergy Mast cell stabilizer
prevents Ca influx
stabilize memb./ prevent degran

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62
Q

atenolol

tenormin

A

Anti-ANGINA Beta Blocker
B1 specific
Decrease HTN

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63
Q

metoprolol

lopressor

A

Anti-angina Beta Blocker

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64
Q

propranolol

inderol

A

anti-angina- beta blocker

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65
Q

diltiazem

cardizem

A

anti-angina Ca++ blockers

ionotropic effects

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66
Q

nifedipine

procardia

A

Anti-angina Ca++ blockers

tx LOW TENSION GLAUCOMA

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67
Q

verapamil

calan/ isoptin

A

Anti-angina Ca++ blocker

more potential for negative chronotropic and ionotropic effects

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68
Q

Nitrate

A

Anti-angina

Organic Nitrates

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69
Q

nitroglycerin

A

Anti-angina

Organic nitrates

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70
Q

lidocaine

xylocaine

A

anti-arrythmia Class 1b

Na+ channel blocker

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71
Q

metoprolol

lopressor

A

anti-arrythimic class II (beta-adrenergic block)

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72
Q

propanolol

inderall

A

anti-arrythmic class II beta-andrenergic

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73
Q

amiodarone

cordorone

A

anti-arrythmic class III (K+ channel block)
blocks K+ channels. Also acts like a beta-blocker
BIG 15.
NAION
Whorl K yellow/brn epi deposits dont affect VA,
Anterior Sub-capsular Cataracts

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74
Q

diltiazem

cardizem

A 
anti-arrythmic class IV 
Ca++ channel block
ionotropic effects
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75
Q

Verapamil

calan

A 
anti-arrythmic class IV Ca++ channel block
neg ionotropic and chronotropic
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76
Q

adenosine

A

anti-arrythmic

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77
Q

digoxin

A

anti-arrythmic
inhibition of enzyme
increases intracellular Ca++
heart pumps harder

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78
Q

isoproterenol

A

anti-arrythmic non-specific beta agonist

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79
Q

amphotericin B

A

Anti-FUNGAL
binds to ERGOSTEROL
punches pores in the membrane
Kidney TOXICITY

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80
Q

fluconazole

diflucan

A

Anit-fungal
inhibits ergosterol synthesis
HEPATIC Dysfuction
check liver function prior to med

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81
Q

griseofulvin

A 
anti-fungal
inh. fungal MT formation
topical 
inhibits mitosis 
only antifungal that doesnt act on ergosterol
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82
Q

ketoconazole

nizoral

A

anti-fungal
inh. ergosterol syn
P450
no CNS

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83
Q

Miconazole

monistat-derm

A

antifungal
inhibits ergosterol syn
topical derm

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84
Q

natamycin

natacyn

A

antifungal binds to ergosterol and forms pores like ampho B
MOST IMPORTANT anti-fungal for the EYE
ONLY one FDA app.

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85
Q

nystatin

mycostatin

A

anti-fungal bind to ergosterol- forms pores
topical
least important for eyecare

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86
Q

cholestyramine

questran

A

anit-HYPERLIPIDEMIC
bile-acid binding in intestine
prevents reabsorption
lower LDL- fatty lows

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87
Q

ezetimibe

eztrol

A

anti-hyerlipidemics
cholesterol absorption inhibitor
acts in INTESTINE

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88
Q

gemfibrozil

lopid

A

anti-hyperlipidemics
Fibrates
binds to PPAR-a
increases breakdown of VLDL and triglycerides

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89
Q

atorvastatin

liptior

A

anti-heyperlipidemics
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor
= less cholesterol synthesis
DOC for lowering cholesterol

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90
Q

lovastatin

mevacor

A

antihyperlidemics
HMG CoA Inh.
lowers cholesterol syn

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91
Q

simvastatin

zocor

A

anti-hyperlipids
HMG CoA reductase
lowers cholesterol syn

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92
Q

vit. B3

niacin

A

anti-hyperlipidemics

increases HDL in blood

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93
Q

prazosin

minipress

A

antihypertensive

alpha blocker

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94
Q

terazosin

hytrin

A

antihypertensive
alpha blocker
A1 block - relaxes smooth mus

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95
Q

benazepril

lotensin

A

antihypertensive ACE inhibitor
prevents angiotensin II formation
blocks bradykinins

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96
Q

catopril

capoten

A

anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor
prevents agiotensin II
blocks bradykinins

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97
Q

enalapril

A

anti-hypertensive ACE inh
prevents angiotensin II
blocks bradykinins

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98
Q

lisinopril

A

antihypertensive ACE inh
prevents angiotensin II
blocks bradykinins
COUGH

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99
Q

losartan

A

antihypertensive
angiotensin II rep inhibitor
stimulates aldosterone secretion
No cough like lisinopril

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100
Q

atenolol

A

antihypertensive Beta Blocker
B1 specific
decreases HTN

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101
Q

labetalol

trandate

A

antihypertensive
non-specific b1/b2 antagonist
also blocks RENIN from kidney

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102
Q

metoprolol

lopressor

A

anti-hypertensive beta blocker

B1 selective

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103
Q

propanolol

inderol

A

antiHTN
nonspecific b1/b2
also blocks RENIN from kidney

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104
Q

timolol

timoptic

A

antiHTN beta blocker
non-specific
decreases inflow
lowers HTN

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105
Q

diltiazem

cardizem

A

antiHTN Ca++ channel blocker

ionotropic effects

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106
Q

nifedipine

procardia

A

anti-HTN Ca++ channel blocker
blocks L-Type Ca++ channels
decreases intracellular Ca
lowers peripheral vascular resistance

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107
Q

verapamil

calan

A

anti-HTN Ca++ channel blocker

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108
Q

hydrochlorothiazide

A 
antiHTN
DIURETIC-Thiazide
Inhibits NaCl reabsorption in early DCT
acute transient myopia
AAC glc.
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109
Q

spironolactone

aldactone

A

anti-HTN
K-sparring diuretic
blocks aldosterone in late DCT,
excretes Na spares K+

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110
Q

diazoxide

proglycem

A

anti-HTN
MALIGNANT HTN
vasodilator

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111
Q

hydralazine

apresoline

A 
anti-HTN
increases cGMP
smooth muscle relaxation in arterioles
peripheral dilator 
reduces afterload
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112
Q

minoxidil

rogaine

A

anti-HTN vasodilation

hair growth

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113
Q

sodium nitroprusside

A

anti-HTN

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114
Q

allopurinol

zyloprim

A

anti-hyperURECEMIA
reduces uric acid in blood plasma
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

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115
Q

fluticasone
flonase
flovent

A

anti-Inflammatory
inh phospholipase A2
intranasal

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116
Q

hydrocortisone

cortef

A

anti-Inflammatory

Inh. Phospholipase A2

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117
Q

hydroxychloroquine

plaquenil

A

anti-Inflammatory
Inh. Phospholipase A2
less S/E than chloroquine
whorl KP Bulls Eye Mac

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118
Q

triamcinolone

Kenalog

A 
anti-Inflammatory
Inh. Phospholipase A2
Injection
Skin depigmentation/ atrophy
increases IOP
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119
Q

dexamethasone

maxidex

A 
anti-Inflammatory
Inh. Phospholipase A2
Arachidonic Acid Pathway
POTENT
PSC, IOP, Infection, Weight gain, 
Insulin Resistance
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120
Q

difluprednate

Durezol

A

Anti-inflammatory - Corticosteroid
Inhibits Phospholipase 2, AA pathway.
POTENT
IOP spike

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121
Q

flouromethalone

FML

A

Anti-inflammatory - Corticosteroid
Inhibits Phospholipase 2, AA pathway.
Soft

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122
Q

Loteprednol
Alrex
Lotemax

A

Anti-inflammatory - Corticosteroid Inhibits Phospholipase 2, AA pathway.
Soft

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123
Q

Rimexolone

Vexol

A

Anti-inflammatory - Corticosteroid Inhibits Phospholipase 2, AA pathway.
POTENT

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124
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid

Aspirin

A

Anti-Inflammatory - NSAID

Irreversibly inhibits Cox-1 and Cox-2

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125
Q

Bromfenac

Xibrom

A

Anti-Inflammatory - NSAID nhibits Cox-1 and Cox-2 = decreased prostaglandins and thromboxanes
SULFA preservatives
(Sodium Sulfite and BAK)

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126
Q

celecoxib

Celebrex

A

Anti-Inflammatory - NSAID
reversibly inhibits Cox-1 and Cox-2
May increase HEART PROBLEMS

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127
Q

diclofenac

voltaren

A

Anti-Inflammatory - NSAID inhibits Cox-1 and Cox-2
lowers prostaglandins and thromboxanes
CORNEAL MELTING
Blocks Na+ influx

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128
Q

flurbiprofen

ocufen

A

Anti-Inflammatory - NSAID inhibits Cox-1 and Cox-2

prostaglandin and thromboxane dec.

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129
Q

ibuprofen
motrin
advil

A

Anti-Inflammatory - NSAID reversibly inhibits Cox-1 and Cox-2

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130
Q

indomethacin

indocin

A

Anti-Inflammatory - NSAID inhibits Cox-1 and Cox-2
Whorl KP, Macular pigment changes
Increased bleeding (inh. thromboxane)
FATAL MI + STROKE

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131
Q

ketorolac
acular
toradol

A

Anti-Inflammatory - NSAID
inhibits Cox-1 and Cox-2. Inh prosta/ thromb
systemic non-selective

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132
Q

naproxen

Aleve

A

Anti-Inflammatory - NSAID

inhibits Cox-1 and Cox-2

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133
Q

nepafenac

Nevanac

A

Anti-Inflammatory - NSAID
inhibits Cox-1 and Cox-2
NEWEST
inh. prosta/thromb

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134
Q

piroxicam

feldene

A

Anti-Inflammatory - NSAID

inhibits Cox-1 and Cox-2

135
Q

tamoxifen

Nolvadex

A 
Anti-NEOPLASTIC
Anti-ESTROGENS
immunosuppresant
PARTIAL agonist inhibitor of ESTRADIOL
Blood clot, CRVO, Whorl KP, Crystalline Ret.,
136
Q

Methotrexate

Rheumatrexate

A 
Anti-NEOPLASTIC
anti-METABOLITES
folic acid analogs
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
inhibits DNA synthesis
Bone marrow suppressoin, Cirrhosis, teratogenic, DEATH
137
Q

Flourouracil

5-FU

A 
Anti-NEOPLASTIC
anti-metabolites 
folic acid analogs 
irreversible inhibition of thyidylate synthase
SUICIDE INHIBITOR  (irreversible inh.)
138
Q

chloroquine

A

anti-parasitic

causes build up of heme (Plasmodium malaria) Whorl KP, Bulls Eye, RPE mottling

139
Q

oseltamvir

Tamiflu

A

anti-VIRAL -flu

inh. viral neuraminidase

140
Q

ribavirin
copegus
rebetol

A

anti-VIRAL - Hep C/ RSV

inh viral RNA polymerase

141
Q

acyclovir

zovirax

A

anti-VIRAL HERPES
inh. DNA polymerase
zoster, chicken pox, HSV II

142
Q

famciclovir

Famvir

A

anti-VIRAL HERPES

inh. DNA polymerase

143
Q

trifluridine

Viroptic

A

anti-VIRAL HERPES
inh. DNA polymerase
topical ophthalmic

144
Q

valacyclovir

Valtrex

A

anti-VIRAL HERPES
inh. DNA polymerase
Zoster, HSV II

145
Q

foscarnet

Foscovir

A

anti-VIRAL HERPES. CMV
inh. DNA polymerase
Safety NET when IV Gangciclovir fails
CMV

146
Q

ganciclovir

Zirgan

A

anti-VIRAL HERPES/ CMV
inh. DNA polymerase
increased efficacy
CMV IV tx UNDER age 50

147
Q

zidovudine

Retrovir

A

Anti-VIRAL HIV
inh. viralDNA polymerase
REVERSE transcriptase

148
Q

clopidogrel

Plavix

A

Anti-COAGULANT
Blood Affectors
Inh. ADP rec. on Platelet cells

149
Q

heparin

A

Anti-COAGULANT
blood affector
enables natural clot lysis mech

150
Q

warfarin

coumadin

A

anti-coagulant blood affecter
Vit. K antagonist
interferes w/ factors 2,7,9,10

151
Q

aspirin

A

anti-coagulant Blood affecter
Platelet inh.
C/I in Upper GI, Asthma, Nasal Polyps, Bleeding disorders
hepatic and or renal

152
Q

dipyridamole
persantine
new

A

anti-coagulant
platelet inh.
inhibits Adenosine Deaminase and PDE
more cAMP and adeno greater anti-coag

153
Q

streptokinase

A

blood affecter- Thrombolytic

produces extra plasmin to break down clots

154
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Blood affecter.
Treats ANEMIA
Cytokine (HORMONE)
erthrocyte signaling via kidney fibroblasts

155
Q

folic acid

vit. B9

A

Blood affecter
ANEMIA tx.
Important for cell division and growth

156
Q

Iron

A

tx. anemia

157
Q

vit. B12

cobalamin

A

tx. anemia

158
Q

vit. K

A

Tx. bleeding

159
Q

hydroxyurea

hydrea

A

tx.sickle cell anemia

increases concentration of fetal hemaglobin

160
Q

etidronate

A

bone remodeling disorder

biphosphonate that inhibits osteoclasts

161
Q

dicloxacillin

dynapen

A 
cell-wall inhibitor
beta-lactam (narrow)
Transpeptidase inhibitor 
also resistant to strain w/ beta lactamase 
not strong. good around the eye
non-MRSA
162
Q

cephalexin

Keflex

A

1st gen ceph
CELL WALL inhibitor
transpeptidase inh.
preseptal cellulitis tx.

163
Q

ceftriaxone

rocephin

A

3rd gen ceph broad spectrum
cell wall inh. via transpeptidase inh
tx. gonnorrhea
gram neg. diplococcus

164
Q

bacitracin + polymyxin B

polysporin

A

Cell wall Inh Combo

inhibits transfer of peptidoglycans into cell wall

165
Q

polysporin + neomycin

neosporin

A

cell wall inh. Combo

inhibits transfer of peptidoglycans into cell wall

166
Q

ciprofloxacin

ciloxan or cipro

A

cell wall inh.
Flouroquinolone 2nd gen
inh. DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

167
Q

ofloxacin

Ocuflox

A

Cell wall Inhib.
Flouroquinolone 2nd gen
inh. DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

168
Q

levofloxacin

quixin

A

cell wall inh.
Flouroquinolone 3rd gen
inh. DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

169
Q

besifloxacin

Besivance

A

cell wall inh.
Flouroquinolone 4th gen
inh. DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

170
Q

gatifloxacin

Zymar

A

cell wall inh.
Flouroquinolone 4th gen
inh. DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

171
Q

moxifloxacin

Vigamox

A

cell wall inh.
Flouroquinolone 4th gen
inh. DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
Pt. must be at least 1 year old to Rx

172
Q

amoxicillin

A

cell wall inhib.
Penicillin - extended spectrum
Transpeptidase inhib.
Combine w/ clavulonic acid to get Augmentin

173
Q

bacitracin

A

cell wall inhib.
polypeptide mixture
inhib. transfer of proteoglycans into cell wall

174
Q

penicillamine

Cuprimine

A

Chelating agent
Removes heavy metals from body
CHELATING AGENT
Tx. WILSONS Dz

175
Q

acetylcholine

A

Cholinergic agonist- direct
keep Ach
causes miosis during cat. surgery

176
Q

bethanechol

A

cholinergic agonist direct keep Ach

tx. Atonic BLADDER

177
Q

carbachol

MIOSTAT- stat miosis

A

cholinergic agonist direct keep Ach

tx. ANGLE glc with pupil constriction

178
Q

pilocarpine

A 
cholinergic agonist
direct keep Ach
Stimulates long mus of CB
Pulls open TM
Inc. Corneoscleral outflow
Tx.: POAG, Sjogrens, Addies, Post dilation pupil
179
Q

Echotiophate

Enlon

A

Phospholine Cholinergic Agonist
Indirect AchE Inhib. IRREVERSIBLE
tx POAG
inhibits AchE

180
Q

Donepezil

Aricept

A

Cholinergic agonist. Indirect AchE Inhib.
reversible
treats dementia.
lowers IOP

181
Q

edrophonium

Enlon

A

Cholinergic agonist. Indirect AchE Inhib.
reversible
TENSILON TEST for MG

182
Q

Neostigmine

Prostigmine

A

Cholinergic agonist. Indirect AchE Inhib.
reversible
Tx. POAG
Tx. MG
AchE inhibitors are active everywhere not just at NMJ

183
Q

PyRIDostigmine

Mestinon

A

Cholinergic agonist. Indirect AchE Inhib.
reversible
tx. MG Drug of Choice
gets RID of MG

184
Q

mecamylamine

inversine

A

cholinergic agonist NICOTINIC
Blocks Ach at nicotinic sites
tx. for EMERGENCY HIGH BP HTN via ganglionic sites

185
Q

Atropine

A 
Cholinergic ANTAGONIST- ASHCT
Blocks Ach at Muscarinic sites in CB/ Iris
Anti-SPASMODIC Anti-SECRETION
ABCDE- 
atropine beware children downs elderly
186
Q

cyclopentolate

cyclogel

A

cholinergic ANTAGONIST ASHCT
block muscarinic at CB iris
onset 45m duration 1 day

187
Q

homatropine

A

cholinergic ANTAGONIST ASHCT

block muscarinic at CB iris

188
Q

scopolamine

A

cholinergic ANTAGONIST ASHCT
block muscarinic at CB iris
tx. MOTION SICKNESS

189
Q

Tropicamide

Mydriacyl

A

cholinergic ANTAGONIST ASHCT

block muscarinic at CB iris

190
Q

Ipratropium

Atrovent

A 
Cholinergic Antagonist- Bronchodilator 
Anti-muscarinic 
Non-selective  No systemic S/E
No BBB penetration
Only one used as SYSTEMIC
191
Q

succinylcholine

A

cholinergic antagonist
IRREVERSIBLE
Blocks Ach at NICOTINIC sites via DEPOLARIZATION

192
Q

phenytoin

Dilantin

A

CNS anit-CONVULSANT
NE, Ach, GABA receptor
acting Nystagmus, diplopia, EOM palsy, mydriasis, miosis,
SEIZURES DoC

193
Q

Topiramate

Topamax

A

CNS anti-CONVULSANT

Multiple CNS effects

194
Q

Phenobarbital

Luminal

A

CNS anti-convulsant
BARBITUATE
Reduces glutamatergic transmission through AMPA rec. blockade

195
Q

bupropion

Wellbutrin

A

CNS anti-DEPRESSANT

atypical

196
Q

Trazodone

Trazorel

A

CNS anti-DEPRESSANT atypical
Serotonin- antagonist and reuptake inhib.
LESS anti-SLUD effect

197
Q

Carbamazepine

A

CNS anti-depressant
Mania/ BIPOLAR
treats convulsions as well
Manic depression

198
Q

lithium salts

A

CNS anti-depressant
Mania/ BIPOLAR
Decreases NE
Increases Serotonin

199
Q

Valproic acid

Depakote

A

CNS anti-depressant
Mania/ Bipolar
tx. SEIZURES
anti-convulasant effect

200
Q

Phenelzine

Nardil

A

CNS Anti-depressant MAOi
Inhibits MAO
decreased breakdown of NE and Serotonin
CAUTION w PHENYLEPHRINE use = dysrythmia and HTN

201
Q

duloxetine

Cymbalta

A

CNS - Anti-depressant SNRI

serotonin-norepi-reuptake-inhib. SNRI

202
Q

venlafaxine

Effexor

A

CNS - Anti-depressant SNRI

ser-norepi-reup-inh

203
Q

citalopram

A

CNS - Anti-depressant - SSRI

204
Q

fluoxetine

Prozac

A

CNS - Anti-depressant - SSRI

inhib serotonin reuptake from syn. cleft

205
Q

amittriptyline

Elavil

A

CNS - Anti-depressant - TCA

Inhib. NE and Serotonin reup.

206
Q

imipramine

Tofranil

A

CNS - Anti-depressant - TCA
inhib. Ser and NE reup.
anti-cholinergic effects

207
Q

clozapine

clozaril

A

CNS anti-PSYCHOTIC- atypical

Binds to both Serotonic and Dopanergic

208
Q

olanzapine

Zyprexa

A

CNS anti-PSYCHOTIC- atypical
Binds to both Serotonic and Dopanergic
Serotonin more so than dope

209
Q

paliperidone

Invega

A

CNS anti-PSYCHOTIC- atypical

Dopamine antagonist

210
Q

haloperidol

Haldol

A

CNS anti-PSYCHOTIC-
Butyrophenone HIGH POTENCY
Dopamine antagonist

211
Q

fluphenazne

Prolixin

A

CNS anti-PSYCHOTIC-

Phenothiazine HIGH POTENCY

212
Q

Chlorpromazine

Thorazine

A

CNS anti-PSYCHOTIC-
Phenothiazine LOW potency
Dopamine rec antagonist
OGC, anticholinergic, pigmentary K, Cat, Ret. deposits

213
Q

Thioridazine

Mellaril

A

CNS anti-PSYCHOTIC-
Phenothiazine LOW potency
Dopamine rec antagonist

214
Q

thiothixene

Navane

A

CNS anti-PSYCHOTIC

thioxanthines HIGH POTENCY

215
Q

Diazepam

Valium

A 
CNS Anxiolytic/ Hypnotic
Benzodiazepines
brings GABA
opens Cl- channels
sedative effect
216
Q

flurazepam

Dalmane

A

CNS Anxiolytic/ Hypnotic
Benzodiazepines
check?

217
Q

lorazepam

Ativan

A

CNS Anxiolytic/ Hypnotic
Benzodiazepines
SHORT-TERM tx

218
Q

temazepam

Normison

A

CNS Anxiolytic/ Hypnotic
Benzodiazepines
Short term tx. anxiety and anti-convolsant

219
Q

triazolam

Trilam

A

CNS Anxiolytic/ Hypnotic
Benzodiazepines
SEVERE INSOMNIA tx
short half life

220
Q

flumazenil

Anexate

A

CNS Anxiolytic/ Hypnotic
Benzodiazepines ANTAGONIST
competitive inhibition at BENZO binding site

221
Q

hydroxyzine

Atarax

A

CNS Anxiolytic/ Hypnotic

Also 1st gen H1 anti-histamine

222
Q

donepezil

Aricept

A

CNS- Neurological
Anti-Alzheimer (AchEI)
More longitudinal CB fibers to pull SS opens TM decreases IOP
IOP drop

223
Q

rivastigmine

excelon

A

neurological anti-ALZHEIMER
AchEI
parasympathomimetic

224
Q

amantidine

symmetrel

A 
CNS- neurological 
ANTI_PARKINSON
Increases dopamine effects
blocks reuptake or augments release @ substania nigra
s/e dry eye and mydriasis 
anti-flu as well
225
Q

apomorphine

apokyn

A

CNS neurological
anti-PARKINSON
D1 D2 agonist

226
Q

Bromocriptine

Parlodel

A 
CNS neurological 
anti-PARKINSON
Dopamine agonist
more commonly used for 
PROLACTIN-secreting PITUITARY ADEMONAS
mydriasis and angle closure
227
Q

carbidopa

lodosyn

A

CNS neurological
anti-PARKINSON
inhibits DDC
blocks L-tryptophan—->serotonin

228
Q

levodopa

prolopa

A

CNS neurological
anti-PARKINSON
can CROSS BBB and inc conc. unlike natural dopamine cant cross BBB levo can

229
Q

alcohol

ethanol

A 
CNS - NEUROLOGICAL 
psychoactive depressant
thiamine deficiency
wernickes encephalopathy 
korsakoff syndrome
230
Q

LSD

A

CNS stimulants hallucinogens
5-HT2A receptor activation
metallic taste, pupil dilation

231
Q

PCP

A

CNS stimulants hallucinogens
NMDA rec. antagonist
neurotoxic

232
Q

THC

A

CNS stimulant- hallucinogens

lowers IOP

233
Q

caffeine

A

CNS stimulant - psychomotor
blocking ADENOSINE pathway
GI irritation, insomnia, restleness, increased HR/BP, osteoporosis

234
Q

dextroamphetamine

dexedrine

A

CNS stimulant psychomotor
ADHD tc. increased dopamine release
can cause mydriasis caution in angles

235
Q

methylphenidate

ritalin

A

CNS stimulant psychomotor
ADHD tc. increased dopamine release
can cause mydriasis and dry eye

236
Q

nicotine

A

CNS stimulant psychomotor

tobacco

237
Q

varenicline

Chantix

A

CNS stimulant psychomotor

smoking cessation

238
Q

isotretinoin

Accutane

A 
Derm meds. 
reduces oil production
BIG 15
Bleph, DES, PTC, CANCER
Nictopia, Night blindness
239
Q

metronidazole

metro-gel

A 
derm med
disrupts DNA and NA synthesis
anti-inflammatory properties
antibiotic/amebicide/ antiprotozoal
ACNE-ROSACEA drug
240
Q

chlorpropaminde

diabinese

A

Diabetic meds
increases SECRETION of INSULIN via beta cells of pancreas
Sulfonylurea Secretion

241
Q

pramlintide

Symlin

A

DM drug
Amylin-analog
absorption of glucose via showing gastric emptying

242
Q

Exenatide

Byetta

A

Incretin Mimetic
Increases insulin secretion
caution HYPOglycemia

243
Q

insulin

aspart

A

DM

insulin

244
Q

insulin

detemir

A

DM

insulin

245
Q

insulin

glargine

A

DM

insulin

246
Q

insulin

glulisine

A

DM

insulin

247
Q

insulin

lispro

A

DM

insulin

248
Q

NPH insulin susp

Humulin N

A

DM
insulin
Intermediate acting insulin

249
Q

Regular Insulin

A

DM

insulin

250
Q

glipizide

glucotrol

A

DM drug ORAL agent
increases secretion of insulin by beta cell
sulfonylureas

251
Q

glyburide
diabeta
micronase

A

DM- oral agents
increases secretion of insulin by beta cells
sulfonylureas

252
Q

metformin

glucophage

A

DM ORAL agent
decreses GLUCONEOGENESIS
1st line: weight neutral and DNC hypoglycemia - just lactic acidosis

253
Q

pioglitazone

Actos

A

DM ORAL agent
activates PPAR-gamma
increases glucose uptake in muscle and fat tissues
New or worse Macular edema

254
Q

Acetazolamide

Diamox

A 
Diuretics - CAI
glc drug - decreases production of aqueous
kidney metabolite 
s/e tingling, metallic taste
C/I in Sulfa allergy and Adrenal
255
Q

methazolamide

neptazane

A 
Diuretics - CAI
glc drug - decreases production of aqueous
kidney metabolite 
s/e tingling, metallic taste
C/I in Sulfa allergy and Adrenal
256
Q

spironolactone

A

Diuretics K+ sparring

257
Q

triamterene

Dyrenium

A

Diuretics K+ sparring

directly blocks ENaCs in DCT

258
Q

furosemide

Lasix

A

Diuretics- LOOP diuretic
Inhibits Na 2Cl-K+ cotransporter
THICK ascending loop of henle

259
Q

glycerol

A

Diuretics- Osmotics
Lower IOP by drawing water out of vitreous
ORAL

260
Q

mannitol

Osmitrol

A

Diuretics- Osmotics
lower IOP by drawing water out of the vitreous
I.V. can cause heart failure
Osmotically active particles

261
Q

urea

A

Diuretics- Osmotics

262
Q

chlorothiazide

diuril

A

Diuretics- Thiazide
NaCl- reabsorption
Early DCT

263
Q

hydrochlorothiazide

Hydrodiuril

A 
Diuretics- Thiazide 
NaCl- reabsorption 
Early DCT
Acute transient MYOPIA
AAC glc
264
Q

Dopamine

A

dopaminergic agonist

catecholamine

265
Q

sildenafil

Viagra

A 
Erectile Dysfunction Med
ED
PDE5 Inhibitor 
Relaxes sm. muscle via NO
NAION, cyanopsia (PDE5 in rods/cones)
photosensitivity
266
Q

tadalafil

Cialis

A 
Erectile Dysfunction
PDE5
Relaxes sm. muscle via NO
LONG HALF-LIFE
once a day cialis
267
Q

vardenafil

levitra

A

Erectile dysfunction med
PDE5 inhibitor
relaxes smooth muscle via NO
NAION, cyanopsia, photosensitivity

268
Q

pyrimethamine

daraprim

A 
Folate synthesis inhibition 
Bacteriostatic 
inhibits dihyroFOLATE reductase- 2nd step in folic acid synthesis 
tx. BONE marrow suppression
tx. MALARIA
269
Q

sulfamethoxazole

Gantanol

A

Folate Synthesis

Sulfa Allergy = SJS

270
Q

sulfisoxazole

Gantrisin

A

Folate Synthesis Inhibition (bacteriostat)
inhibits dyhydropterate synthase- 1st step in folic acid synthesis
sulfa = SJS

271
Q

trimethoprim

Primsol

A

Folate synthesis inhibition- Bacteriostatic
Inhibit dihydrofolate reductase 2nd step in folic acid synthesis
Good GRAM + coverage

272
Q

TMP-Polymyxin

Polytrim

A 
Folate Synthesis Inhibition
Inhibits DHR (second step) and LPS molecular deactivation in phospholipids 
TMP= Gram +
Polymyxin = Gram - 
TOXIC if longterm
273
Q

TMP-SMX

Bactrim

A

Folate Synthesis Inhibition
Inhibits both DHS (1st step) and DHR (second step) of folic acid syn.
DoC to prevent TOXOPLASMOSIS
but does NOT treat Toxo

274
Q

Sucralfate

Carafate

A 
GI med
Cytoprotective Agent
Gastric lining protector- binds positive proteins into paste 
GERD, Stress Ulcers w/o disabling H2
C/I renal issues
275
Q

cimetidine

Tagamet

A

GI med
H2 ANTAGONIST
H2 blocker so prevents HCl- secretion

276
Q

Famotidine

Pepcid

A

GI med
H2 ANTAGONIST
prevents HCl- secretion

277
Q

ranitidine

Zantac

A

GI med
H2 ANTAGONIST
prevents HCl- secretion
tx. optic neuritis ?

278
Q

esomaprazole

Nexium

A

GI med
PROTON PUMP Inhibitor
H+/K+ ATPase on parietal cell

279
Q

omeprazole

Prilosec

A

GI med
PROTON PUMP Inhibitor
H+/K+ ATPase on parietal cell

280
Q

dorzolamide

Trusopt

A

Glaucoma CAI
Decrease PRODUCTION of Aqueous
CAI also have electrolyte imbalance
aplastic anemia

281
Q

timolol and brimonidine

Combigan

A

Glaucoma Combo
timolol- beta bloacker
brimonidine- alpha agonist
Both decrease production of Aqueous and Increases Uveo-Scleral OF (Brimonidine)

282
Q

timolol and dorzolamide

Cosopt

A

Glaucoma Combo
Decreases production of aqueous both
decreased inflow
Beta blocker and CAI

283
Q

timolol and latanoprost

Xalcom

A

Glc combo
timolol dec. production
latanoprost inc. uveo-scleral outflow

284
Q

timolol and travaprost

Extravan

A

Glc combo
timolol dec. production
travaprost inc. uveo-scleral outflow

285
Q

bimatoprost

Lumigan

A

Glc
Prostaglandin analog
increase Uveo-scleral outflow
stretch this

286
Q

latanoprost

Xalatan

A

GLC
Prostaglandin analog
increases Uveo-scleral outflow

287
Q

spironolactone

A

Aldosterone Antagonist

Tx. HEART FAILURE

288
Q

losartan

Cozaar

A

ANGIOTENSIN II rec. AGONIST
Tx. HEART FAILURE
blocks angiontensin, stimulates aldosterone secretion
NO COUGH

289
Q

Atenolol

Tenormin

A

B-Blocker
B1 specific
decreases HTN
tx. HEART FAILURE

290
Q

metoprolol

lopressor

A

HEART FAILURE tx.

beta-blocker

291
Q

hydralazine

Apresoline

A 
Heart FAILURE tx. 
Direct VASODILATOR 
increases cGMP- sm. muscle relaxation in arterioles
Peripheral Dilator
Reduces afterload
292
Q

sodium nitroprusside

A

Heart Failure treatment

direct VASODILATOR

293
Q

chlorothiazide

Diuril

A

Heart FAILURE tx.

Diuretic. NaCl- reabsorption in Early DCT

294
Q

furosemide

Lasix

A

Heart Failure Tx.
Diuretics
Inhibits Na 2Cl- K+ cotransporter
THICK Ascending loop of henle

295
Q

hydrochlorothiazide

Hydrodiuril

A

Heart FAILURE tx.
Diuretic Inhibit NaCl- reabsorption in early DCT
acute transient MYOPIA, AAC glc

296
Q

digoxin

Lanoxin

A 
Heart FAILURE tx. 
Ionotropic Agent
Inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase = more Ca+=more contractility 
BIG 15
green/yellow tint defects 
blurry vision, DECREASE IOP
297
Q

Captopril

capoten

A 
Heart FAILURE tx. 
Renin-angio blocker
ACE-inhibitor
prevents angiotensin II formation by inhibiting ACE
blocks bradykinins
298
Q

enalapril

Vasotec

A 
Heart Failure tx. 
Renin-Angio blocker
ACE inhibitor 
Prevent angiotensin II formation by inhibiting ACE
blocks bradykinins
299
Q

lisinopril

Prinivil

A 
Heart Failure tx. 
Renin-Angio blocker
ACE inhibitor 
Prevent angiotensin II formation by inhibiting ACE
blocks bradykinins
COUGH
300
Q

Glycerine

Osmogen

A

HYPEROSMOTIC
CB hypertonic to Aqueous = lower IOP
Most potent IOP decreaser if not vomited out.
Causes emesis

301
Q

sodium chloride

Muro-128

A

HYPEROSMOTIC
hypertonic to CORNEA
draws water out
tx. for CORNEAL EDEMA

302
Q

azathioprine

Imuran

A

Immunosuppressant
PURINE analog
inserts into DNA and RNA and stops replication blocker

303
Q

cyclosporine

Restasis

A

Immunosuppressant
Inhibits release and production of IL-2
Tx. DES, Graft rej, Uveitis, Bechets, Symp. Ophthalmia, Severe VKC, Paracentral Ulcers, Severe RA

304
Q

diethylpropion

Anorex

A

Obesity

Stimulant- Appetite Suppression

305
Q

orlistat

Xenical

A

Obesity

Prevents absorption of fats

306
Q

lindane

Kwell

A

Organochlorine
Neurotoxin
Disrupts GABA-A / Cl- channels
DoC for BARBITUATE POISONING also for scabies and lice

307
Q

pralidoxime

Protopam

A

Organophosphate Antagonist

Removes AchEI effect by reactivating the enzyme (removing phosphate)

308
Q

alendronate

Fosamax

A

OSTEOPOROSIS med

309
Q

raloxifene

Evista

A

OSTEOPOROSIS med
SERM
Bone AGONIST and
UTERUS/ BREAST ANTAGONIST

310
Q

calcitonin

A

OSTEOPOROSIS med
Hormone
reduces blood calcium and increases bone calcium “TONES DOWN CALCIUM in blood

311
Q

clindamycin

Cleocin

A

Protein synthesis Inhibitor
Binds to 50S subunit
MRSA

312
Q

gentamicin

Garemycin

A 
Protein synthesis inhibitor 
AMINOGLYCOSIDE
Binds to 30S subunit 
triad- Nephrotox, Ototox., NMJ inhibitor.
Prolonged K toxicity
313
Q

tobramycin

Tobrex

A 
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
Binds 30S subunit
triad- Nephrotox, Ototox., NMJ inhibitor.
Prolonged K toxicity 
SPK
314
Q

chloramphenicol

Chloromycetin

A 
Protein synthesis inhibitor 
Broad Spectrum BACTERIOSTATIC
Binds 50S subunit
Bone marrow suppression, Aplastic anemia, Gray Baby Syndrome, 
Optic Neuropathy
Teratogenic, Enterocolitis
315
Q

azithromycin
Zithromax
Azasite

A

Protein Synthesis Inhib.
MACROLIDE
Binds 50S subunit
Ophthalmic CEL @ 50

316
Q

clarithromycin

Biaxin

A

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
MACROLIDE
Binds 50S subunit

317
Q

erythromycin

A

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
MACROLIDE
binds 50S subunit

318
Q

doxycycline

Doxy

A 
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
TETRACYCLINE
bacteriostatic
binds 30S subunit
Inhibits CollagenASE
limits CORNEAL thinning
LONG acting
319
Q

minocycline

Mino

A 
Protein synthesis inhibitor
TETRACYCLINE
bacteriostatic
binds 30S
can lead to BLUE SCLERA
Oral Derm drug for ACNE
320
Q

tetracycline

A 
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
TETRACYCLINE
binds 30S subunit
SHORT Half-life
taken on Empty stomach 
Ca, Fe, Mg sensitive
321
Q

montelukast

Singulair

A

Resp. Agent
BRONCHODILATOR
Leukotriene rec. antagonist
AA pathway

322
Q

theophyline

Theo-Dur

A

Resp. Agent
BRONCHODILATOR
Inhibits PDE- increases cAMP- which increases epinephrine
CNS stimulant

323
Q

zafirlukast

Accolate

A

Resp. Agent
BRONCHODILATOR
Leukotriene rec. antagonist

324
Q

Acetylcysteine

Mucomyst

A

Resp. Agent
Mucolytic
breaking disulfide bonds of proteins in mucous

325
Q

ethambutol

Myambutol

A

TB med
Inhibits ARABINOSYL transferase (inhibits myco cell wall)
TB drug most likely to cause OPTIC NEURITIS and R/G colorblindness

326
Q

isonazin

Nydrazid

A

TB med
Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
also OPTIC NEURITIS but not as likely as ethanbutol

327
Q

rifampin

Rifadin

A

TB Med
Inhibits mRNA synthesis (RNA polymerase)
Red/Orange discoloration tears/urine.
Not common to cause O.N.

328
Q

levothyroxine

Synthroid

A

Thyroid Med
T4 AGONIST
Synthetic T4 hormone
PsuedoTumor Cerebri in children

329
Q

zafirlukast

Accolate

A

Resp. Agent
BRONCHODILATOR
Leukotriene rec. antagonist

330
Q

Acetylcysteine

Mucomyst

A

Resp. Agent
Mucolytic
breaking disulfide bonds of proteins in mucous

331
Q

ethambutol

Myambutol

A

TB med
Inhibits ARABINOSYL transferase (inhibits myco cell wall)
TB drug most likely to cause O.N. and R/G colorblindness

332
Q

isonazin

Nydrazid

333
Q

rifampin

Rifadin

A

TB Med
Inhibits mRNA synthesis (RNA polymerase)
Red/Orange discoloration tears/urine.
Not common to cause O.N.

334
Q

levothyroxine

Synthroid

A

Thyroid Med
T4 AGONIST
Synthetic T4 hormone
PTC in children

Pharm (1 decks)

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