Pharm - Lecture 1 Flashcards
what is a ligand?
a molecule that forms a complex (binds to) a biomolecule
what is a biomolecule?
A molecule generated by a living organism, e.g., proteins, lipids, amino acids, carbs
what is an agonist?
A ligand that alters biological function (stimulates a biological response) by binding to a biomolecule, i.e., chemical stimulus
what is a receptor?
A biomolecule that initiates a biological function when it forms a complex with a ligand, i.e., Receiver of the external chemical signal
what is the central unifying concept of pharmacology?
the dose (concentration)-response function
Define the dose-response function
the functional relationship between concentration of ligand and biological response
1 mole = ?
6.023X 10^23 particles (molecules)
1 molar = ?
1 mole dissolved in 1 liter of solvent (amount/volume)
For in vivo pharmacology, concentration is usually expressed in what unit?
mg/kg (mass of chemical/mass of animal)
In pharmacology what unit?
moles {NEED TO FINISH]
nearly all dose-respon fx’s for all therapeutics looks like what?
a sigmoidal fx (the “s” graph), where in the {NEED TO FINISH]
What do you NEED to do?
fix some of the cards and review the molarity slides and the ones that come after in up until the charles bernard slide
when were talking about receptors were almost always talking about what kind of biomolecules?
proteins
Define cell surface receptors
A kind of receptor; fx as antennae to translate (filter) information on the outside of the cell to the biologically meaningful infomration on the inside of the cell
Define transporters and pumps
A kind of receptor; move ions and molecules across membranes; purpose is to maintain chemical gradients, re-uptake of neurotransmitters, uptake of nutrients
Define enzymes
A kind of receptor; molecular machines that convert starting materials (substrates) into new and useable products
Define kinases
A kind of receptor; regulate the activity of other proteins throughout the cell by “phosphorylation” (removing phosphate groups from ATP and attaching them to proteins)
Drugs with ____ affinity will work at ______ concentration
higher; lower (and vice versa)
What is pharmacology per Dr. Palmer
the study of the precise control of biological fx’s through exogenous applications of chemicals; seeking to define the fx relationship btwn concentration of ligand and bio response; that fx relationship is referred to as a the dose-respond fx
