Pharm - Lecture 1

Question 1

what is a ligand?

Answer 1

a molecule that forms a complex (binds to) a biomolecule

Question 2

what is a biomolecule?

Answer 2

A molecule generated by a living organism, e.g., proteins, lipids, amino acids, carbs

Question 3

what is an agonist?

Answer 3

A ligand that alters biological function (stimulates a biological response) by binding to a biomolecule, i.e., chemical stimulus

Question 4

what is a receptor?

Answer 4

A biomolecule that initiates a biological function when it forms a complex with a ligand, i.e., Receiver of the external chemical signal

Question 5

what is the central unifying concept of pharmacology?

Answer 5

the dose (concentration)-response function

Question 6

Define the dose-response function

Answer 6

the functional relationship between concentration of ligand and biological response

Question 7

1 mole = ?

Answer 7

6.023X 10^23 particles (molecules)

Question 8

1 molar = ?

Answer 8

1 mole dissolved in 1 liter of solvent (amount/volume)

Question 9

For in vivo pharmacology, concentration is usually expressed in what unit?

Answer 9

mg/kg (mass of chemical/mass of animal)

Question 10

In pharmacology what unit?

Answer 10

moles {NEED TO FINISH]

Question 11

nearly all dose-respon fx’s for all therapeutics looks like what?

Answer 11

a sigmoidal fx (the “s” graph), where in the {NEED TO FINISH]

Question 12

What do you NEED to do?

Answer 12

fix some of the cards and review the molarity slides and the ones that come after in up until the charles bernard slide

Question 13

when were talking about receptors were almost always talking about what kind of biomolecules?

Answer 13

proteins

Question 14

Define cell surface receptors

Answer 14

A kind of receptor; fx as antennae to translate (filter) information on the outside of the cell to the biologically meaningful infomration on the inside of the cell

Question 15

Define transporters and pumps

Answer 15

A kind of receptor; move ions and molecules across membranes; purpose is to maintain chemical gradients, re-uptake of neurotransmitters, uptake of nutrients

Question 16

Define enzymes

Answer 16

A kind of receptor; molecular machines that convert starting materials (substrates) into new and useable products

Question 17

Define kinases

Answer 17

A kind of receptor; regulate the activity of other proteins throughout the cell by “phosphorylation” (removing phosphate groups from ATP and attaching them to proteins)

Question 18

Drugs with ____ affinity will work at ______ concentration

Answer 18

higher; lower (and vice versa)

Question 19

What is pharmacology per Dr. Palmer

Answer 19

the study of the precise control of biological fx’s through exogenous applications of chemicals; seeking to define the fx relationship btwn concentration of ligand and bio response; that fx relationship is referred to as a the dose-respond fx