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Pharm 2 - Elaina > pharm last test > Flashcards

pharm last test Flashcards

1
Q

Antacid containing aluminum salts causes?

A

constipation

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2
Q

Magnesium should be used caution with person with?

A

renal problems and diarrhea

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3
Q

H2 antagonist may inhibit absorption of?

A

ketoconazole

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4
Q

Person taking Simentadine says meds are not working. Why?

A

Smoking ↓ effectiveness

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5
Q

Omeprazole for GERD – how should the med be taken?

A

Take capsule whole. Do not crush, chew or open

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6
Q

Which antiflatulant is used for excess gas?

A

simethicon

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7
Q

Which antibiotic for h. pylori?

A

clarythromicyn

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8
Q

Calcium carbonate is not often used as an antacid because?

A

it can cause renal stones

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9
Q

Classification of glycerine laxative?

A

hyperosmolar

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10
Q

Somebody taking methocellulose bulk forming laxative should take what with it?

A

250ml water with it

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11
Q

Bismuth salicisate – medications it can react with?

A

digoxin

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12
Q

Group of medications: which are used before diagnostic and surgical bowel preps?

A

a. Hyperosmotic

b. Saline

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13
Q

Long term use of laxatives can cause?

A

↓bowel tone, dependency

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14
Q

Lopetil and loperimid difference

A

loperimid does not cause dependence

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15
Q

Class of laxatives that can cause dependence

A

stimulants

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16
Q

Mineral oils decrease absorption of?

A

vitamins a, d, e k

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17
Q

Meclizine is indicated for?

A

motion sickness prophylaxis taken in pill form. Not available in patch

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18
Q

How is skipolimene is administered

A

By patch. Change patch every 3 days

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19
Q

Side effect of ondansetron

A

headache

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20
Q

Neuroleptic agents – Prochlorperazine: – may have additive effect taken with

A

quinidine and ↑ adverse cardiac effects

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21
Q

Administration of anti-emetics for chemo.

A

Anti-emetics are often given ½ to 3 hours before a chemotherapy agent

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22
Q

Medication given for Ménière’s disease (vertigo)

A

diphenidol.

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23
Q

diphenidol should be taken with?

A

food water or mild to decrease GI upset

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24
Q

Which drugs are used to reduce IOP?

A

a. Osmotic diuretic – stopping formation of aqueous humour *
b. Cholinergic (direct & indirect)
c. Adrenergics
d. Antiadrenergics
e. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
f. Parasympathomimetrics
g. Prostaglandin agonist

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25
Q

Indications for direct & indirect cholinergic drugs?

A

Open angle glaucoma

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26
Q

Someone is using miotic drugs in the eyes for a long time. What is the antidote?

A

Atropine

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27
Q

Dethamextrisone is prescribed & the client is given an eye ointment. What happens if given together?

A

Immunosuppressant.

28
Q

Describe how to apply eye drops

A

When applying eye drops, have the patient look up to the ceiling, and place the drop in the conjunctival sac

29
Q

Why atropine put in the eye for eye exams?

A

causes eye dilation making examination easier

30
Q

What can be used for anesthetic in the eye?

A

Tetracaine

Anything with “caine” at the end. (Minims)

31
Q

What is used in the eye to identify a foreign body?

A

Fluorescein (AK-Fluor)

32
Q

How do miotics help glaucoma

A

↓ IOP by causing pupillary constriction

33
Q

Acute angle closure glaucoma is characterized by the following?

A

Rapid vision loss

34
Q

Contraindication of use of otic preparations

A

Perforated ear drum

35
Q

Hydrocortinzone is used in combination with an otic antibiotic to?

A

a. To reduce inflammation & pruritus*(get rid of itch)

b. Antibiotic is used to tx infection

36
Q

How to give ear drops to an adult

A

a. For adults, hold the pinna up and back when giving ear drops
b. Allow the drops time to flow down into the ear canal
c. Patients should lie on the side opposite to that of the affected ear for about 5 minutes after instillation of the drug
d. A small cotton ball may be gently inserted into the ear canal to keep the drug in, but do not force the cotton into the ear canal
e. Gently massage the tragus of the ear to encourage flow of medication

37
Q

How to give ear drops to a child?

A

a. For children younger than 3 years, hold the pinna down and back when giving ear drops
b. Allow the drops time to flow down into the ear canal
c. Patients should lie on the side opposite to that of the affected ear for about 5 minutes after instillation of the drug
d. A small cotton ball may be gently inserted into the ear canal to keep the drug in, but do not force the cotton into the ear canal
e. Gently massage the tragus of the ear to encourage flow of medication

38
Q

Why do we use Urea hydrogen peroxide (Earoxide)?

A

Loosen wax for easy removal

39
Q

Why is lidocaine added to ear drop medication for tx of bacterial infection

A

Temporary pain relief

40
Q

Symptoms of otitis media

A

pain, fever, malaise, pressure, sensation of fullness in the ears, hearing loss

41
Q

Action of lidocaine?

A

Anesthetize the area to ↓ pain

42
Q

Somebody calls about head lice. He reports that he’s used the medicated shampoo three times and it hasn’t helped. Why?

A

Have to use special nit comb to get rid of the nits

43
Q

Tretinoin is given for acne. What can drug do to the skin?

A

Increased redness of the skin, burning, peeling

44
Q

Somebody has a skin rash. General diagnosis when they don’t know what it is?

A

Dermatitis.

45
Q

Which penetrate skin better: ointment, creams?

A

ointment

46
Q

How to apply ointment or medicated cream to burns?

A

Do not massage it in

47
Q

Monoxidil therapy taking it for hair thinning. Can cause what if it goes systemic?

A

Can cause tachycardia, fluid retention and weight gain if it goes systemic

48
Q

Minor skin infection?

A

a. Know acyclovir is given for viral infections
b. Nystatin is given to for fungal infections
c. Bacitracin for bacterial infections

49
Q

How long does treatment last for prolonged therapy?

A

Up to a year

50
Q

Big symptom of too much ASA intake?

A

Tinnitus

51
Q

Which drug is potassium sparing?

A

Spironolactone

52
Q

Pt taking thiazide needs to be encouraged to eat foods high in?

A

Potassium

53
Q

Pts lab results reveil an elevated ALT, AST. What are they experiencing?

A

Liver failure, hepatotoxicity

54
Q

Aminoglycosides – antibiotics (gentamycin, geramycin, tobramycin). Very potent antibiotics can only be administered via IV. Must be monitored for symptoms of?

A

nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

55
Q

Sulfonamide for UTI. Health teaching?

A

Drink a large amount of fluids to irrigate the kidneys. At least 2400 mL

56
Q

Which pts are most likely to have allergic reaction to penicillin?

A

Hx of Asthma or other allergies

57
Q

If a pt has cirrhosis of the liver, they may have abnormalities in which blood tests

A

AST, ALT – liver function tests

58
Q

Remember how drug orders should be written & what should be included?

A

Repeat order to prescriber
Spell drug name aloud
Speak slowly and clearly

59
Q

Preferred injection site for a child under 3 years of age

A

vastus lateralis

60
Q

Half-life of medication

A

a. The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug in the body to be removed
b. A measure of the rate at which drugs are removed from the body

61
Q

Which organ in the body does the most biotransformation of drugs?

A

The liver

62
Q

Enteral?

A

Through GI tract, PO drugs

63
Q

Which drugs are absorbed the most rapidly?

A

Parental

64
Q

Define pharmacotherapeutics?

A

The use of drugs and the clinical indications for drugs to prevent and treat diseases

65
Q

Pharmacokinetics:

A

The study of what the body does to the drug, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism (biotransformation) & Excretion

Pharm 2 - Elaina (2 decks)

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