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Pharm II > Pharm II Final > Flashcards

Pharm II Final Flashcards

1
Q

Alprostadil

A

ED, shortest onset (30 min)

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2
Q

Sildenafil

A

ED, viagra, up to 4 hrs

SE: blue/green color discrimination

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3
Q

Tadalafil

A

ED cialis, longest DOA (36 hrs), not influenced by food

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4
Q

ED drugs

A

Do not take with nitrates (can create hypotension)

Inhibits PDE-5 (degrades cGMP)

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5
Q

Alendronate

A

biphosphonate, first line for postmenopausal females

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6
Q

Ibandronate

A

biphosphonate, taken quarterly

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7
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Main drugs cause esophageal irritation
remain upright for 30-60 minutes after taking
Biphosphates decrease osteoclast activity

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8
Q

Zoledronic acid

A

biphosphonate, IV once a year

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9
Q

Calcitonin

A

for osteoporosis, taken nasally, decreases calcium concentration in blood

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10
Q

Teriparatide

A

for osteoporosis

last resort for those with high risk for fractures and not responding to other meds

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11
Q

Orlistat

A

obesity drug
lipase inhibitor
only one that does NOT increase BP of heart rate
take vitamins with this drug

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12
Q

Diethylpropion

A

Obesity drug
appetite suppressant
adrenergic agonist

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13
Q

Acetaminophen

A

non-NSAID- Tylenol
Inhibits PG synthesis in CNS
Good for mild pain and fever
SE: Toxic to liver with alcohol

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14
Q

Phentermine

A

obesity drug
appetite suppressant
adrenergic agonist

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15
Q

Aspirin

A

NSAID
Adverse effects: GI bleeding
CI: Reye’s syndrome in children with viral infection

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16
Q

Misoprostol

A

Prostaglandin
for GI protection (ulcers)
CI-Pregnancy, CAUSES ABORTION (first term)
used with mifepristone

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17
Q

Indomethacin

A

NSAID
reversibly inhibits COX
Less GI problems that other NSAIDs
(any other stuff?)

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18
Q

Sulindac

A

NSAID

similar to indomethacin but less potent

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19
Q

Cholchichine

A

Gout drug
inhibits leukocyte entry
For ACUTE gout, also chronic

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20
Q

Dihydroergotamine

A

Migraine drug
good for acute headaches
5HT1D receptor; SE more nausea, CI pregnancy
(on past quiz)
(sumatriptan was also on a previous quiz for acute headaches

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21
Q

Hydroxychloroquine

A 
DMARD
malarial drug
first line RA
Ocular toxicity, bull's eye retinopathy
(probably on test)
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22
Q

Methotrexate

A

DMARD
immunosuppressant
may need Folic acid supplements

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23
Q

Leflunomide

A

DMARD
immuno modulator
monotherapy or with methotrexate

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24
Q

Ocreotide

A

Ant. Pituitary hormone
Treats acromegaly, treat esophogeal varices
analog of somastatin
inhibits release of growth hormone and IGF1
Remember usually first tx is removal of adenoma

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25
Q

Leucovorin

A

DMARD
reduced Folic acid
reduces SE of methotrexate

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26
Q

Misoprostol

A

Prostaglandin
for GI protection (ulcers)
CI-Pregnance, CAUSES ABORTION (first term)
used with mifepristone

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27
Q

Bromocriptine

A

Ant. Pituitary hormone
For hyperprolactinemia
inhibits production of prolactine at dopamine receptors

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28
Q

Allopurinol

A

Gout drug
interferes with uric acid synthesis
reduces purines

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29
Q

Febuxostat

A

Gout drug

Decreases uric acid production

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30
Q

Porbenecid

A

Gout drug

increases renal clearance of uric acid in proximal tubule

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31
Q

Raloxifene

A

for osteoporosis, SERM
first line alternative for postmenopausal females
for those who can’t have biphosphates
(was on a quiz)

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32
Q

Methysergide

A

Migraine drug

used for prophylaxis of cluster headaches/migraine

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33
Q

Zolmitriptan

A

Migraine drug

Similar to dihydroergotamine but with less nausea

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34
Q

Pegvisomat

A

SOMAVERT Ant. Pituitary hormone
analog of growth hormone
inhibits growth hormone receptor
for REFRACTORY acromegaly (giganticism)

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35
Q

Somatotropin

A

growth hormone

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36
Q

Gonadorelin

A

Ant. Pituitary hormone
agonists at GnRH receptors, obtained from hypothalamus. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), essential for the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary. Continuous release inhibits gonadotropin release.

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37
Q

Leuprolide

A

Ant. Pituitary hormone
Suppressing production of the gonadal hormones. Treatment of prostatic cancer, endometriosis, and precocious puberty. SE: Women: hot flushes, diminished libido, depression, ovarian cysts. Men: rise in testosterone that results in bone pain, hot flushes, edema, diminished libido.

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38
Q

Sitagliptin JANUVIA

A

DPP-4 inhibitor

allows incretin to not be broken down as fast

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39
Q

Calcitonin

A

for osteoporosis, taken nasally, decreases calcium concentration in blood
Thyroid hormone too

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40
Q

Tamoxifen

A

SERM

competes with estrogen to bind in receptor in breast tissue, for metastatic breast cancer

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41
Q

Meclizine

A

Antiemetic

long duration, for vertigo and nausea from motion

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42
Q

Leuprolide

A

Ant. Pituitary hormone
Suppressing production of the gonadal hormones. Treatment of prostatic cancer, endometriosis, and precocious puberty. SE: Women: hot flushes, diminished libido, depression, ovarian cysts. Men: rise in testosterone that results in bone pain, hot flushes, edema, diminished libido.

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43
Q

Propylthiouracil

A

Thyroid Hormone
Stops oxidation of iodine and formation of T3/T4
thioamide, good for graves

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44
Q

Methimazole

A

Thyroid Hormone
Stops oxidation of iodine and formation of T3/T4
thioamide, good for graves, as above, also in children before gland destroyed with radioactive iodine
Less liver toxicity

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45
Q

Levothyroxine

A

Thyroid hormone replacement
Synthetic T4
For hypothyroid

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46
Q

Insulin glargine

A

Long lasting insulin analog

lasts 20-24 hrs

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47
Q

Insulin lispro

A

Insulin analog

Short acting, just a few hours

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48
Q

Glyburide

A

diabetic drug

sulfonylurea, increase insulin release from beta pancreatic cells

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49
Q

Exantide

A

incretin mimetic, Byetta
slows stomach emptying and decreases glucagon release, increases insulin release
SE- acute pancreas inflmmation

50
Q

Nateglinide

A

insulin secretagogue
Rapid onset, short DOA
before meal

51
Q

Metformin

A

insulin sensitizer (this is the main diabetic drug)
Biguanide
decreases insulin resistance
increases GLUT-4 transport, extended

52
Q

Verapamil

A

Calcium Channel Blocker
More cardio selective
(SE-constipation)
(was on previous quiz)

53
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Glitazone, TZD
increases insulin sensitivity
24 hrs DOA

54
Q

Clomiphene

A

SERM
partial estrogen agonist, stimulates ovulation
Good for infertility
(on previous quiz)

55
Q

Tamoxifen

A

SERM

competes with estrogen to bind in receptor in breast tissue, for metastatic breast cancer

56
Q

Mifepristone

A

Antiprogestin

used for abortion, with mifeprostol

57
Q

Metoprolol

A

Selective Beta 1 blocker (preferred)

decrease heart rate/force, must taper

58
Q

Medroxyprogesterone

A

progestin (synthetic)
2 year contraceptive
SE: possible osteoporosis and/or fractures if taken too long

59
Q

Dutasteride

A

Antiadrogen

Treats problems with urination caused by an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH

60
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Antiandrogen
treats fungus (antifungal)
ex: treat seborrheic dermatitis
For cushings syndrome?

61
Q

Eplererenone

A

Aldosterone antag
Diuretic (antihypertensive)
treats hirsuitism

62
Q

Nitroprusside

A

Organic Nitrate

63
Q

Sodium Nitrate

A

Organic Nitrate
Dilate vessels
Good antidote for constricted vessels?

64
Q

Lovastatin

A

Statin
Prodrug, decreases de novo cholesterol synthesis
SE- myopathy, liver failure

65
Q

Carvediol

A 
Beta blocker  (nonselective beta and alpha 1)
Treats high blood pressure and congestive heart failure and reduces the risk of death after a heart attack.
66
Q

Oxytocin

A

Posterior pituitary

stimulates uterine contraction to start labor

67
Q

Nifedipine

A

Calcium Channel Blocker
more vascular selective
(SE- constipation)

68
Q

Verapamil

A

Calcium Channel Blocker
More cardio selective
(SE-constipation)
(was on previous quiz)

69
Q

Lidocaine

A

Na Channel Blocker
Good for presurgery and pain
Good for ventricular fibrillation

70
Q

Digoxin (digitalis)

A

Cardiac Glycoside
treats afib best
usually with ACEi and diuretic

71
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Platelet Inhibitor (block platelet aggregation)
irreversibly inhibiting the binding of ADP to receptors
Preferred, prodrug

72
Q

Losartan

A

ARB

Treats high BP

73
Q

Olmestartan

A

ARB

ester prodrug

74
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop Diuretic

Good for pulmonary edema

75
Q

Labetalol

A

Beta blocker and alpha blocker
antagonists of adrenoreceptors
For HTN crisis

76
Q

Metoprolol

A

Selective Beta 1 blocker (preferred)

decrease heart rate/force, must taper

77
Q

Propanolol

A

Beta blocker

non-selective, available IV

78
Q

Ramipril

A

ACE inhibitor (suffix -pril)
First line for heart failure, SE: dry cough from bradykinin
Longer term

79
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Thiazide Diuretic

weak diuretic

80
Q

Doxazosin

A

alpha blocker

Treats problems with urination caused by an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH), also treats high BP

81
Q

Prazosin

A 
alpha blocker (competitive)
treats HTN
82
Q

Aliskiren

A

Renin Inhibitor (direct)
not routinely combined w/ ACEi or ARB
SE: cough, angioedema, subject to many drug reactions, CI- pregnancy

83
Q

Minoxidil

A

Treats HTN

vasodilator, decrease BP, Big thing to know: can cause hair growth (treat male pattern baldness)

84
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Statin
Most potent
SE- myopathy, liver failur

85
Q

Lovastatin

A

Statin
Prodrug, decreases de novo cholesterol synthesis
SE- myopathy, liver failure

86
Q

Simvastatin

A

Statin
Prodrug
SE- myopathy, liver failure

87
Q

Niacin

A

Nicotinic Acid, vitamin b3
Most effective for increasing HDL levels
SE- skin flush, pruritis, avoid in liver disease

88
Q

Fenofibrate

A

Fibrate
Increase lipoprotein lipase (know this!)
Lower serum triacylglycerol (increase HDL levels a little)

89
Q

Gemfibrozil

A

Fibrate
Increase lipoprotein lipase (know this!)
Lower serum triacylglycerol

90
Q

Ezetimibe

A

Cholesterol absorption inhibitor

Interferes with dietary lipid absorption and biliary cholesterol

91
Q

Cholestyramin

A

Bile Acid Sequestrant
Prevent reabsorption from the intestine by forming insoluble complex with bile acids and salts.
SE- poor absorption, vitamin supplements needed

92
Q

Dipyridamole

A

Platelet Inhibitor
Coronary vasodilator, inhibits cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, decreases thromboxane A2 synthesis, (prophylactically for angina pectoris, in combo with aspirin or warfarin)

93
Q

Ticlopidine

A

Platelet Inhibitor
block platelet aggregation
severe SE: include neutropenia, TTP (Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura), and aplastic anemia

94
Q

Altepase

A

Thrombolytic
Fibrin selective
Activate conversion of plasminogen to plasmin (which breaks down clots)

95
Q

Coumarin

A

Anticoagulant
clotting factors with reduced function
Vit K antagonist (like warfarin)

96
Q

Enoxaparin

A

Anticoagulant

low molecular weight heparin, predictable in anticoagulant response

97
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant

activates antithrombin III, IV fast acting, prevent venous thrombosis, treats pulmonary embolism & acute MI

98
Q

Aminocaproic acid

A

Tx bleeding
inhibit plasminogen activation
(know difference with protamine sulfate)

99
Q

Protamine sulfate

A

Tx bleeding
high in arginine, positively charged
(antidote for heparin)

100
Q

Vitamin K

A

Tx bleeding

Cofactor for coagulation

101
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Anemia Tx

Glycoprotein, regulates RBC production

102
Q

Folic Acid

A

Anemia Tx
Helps make RBCs bigger
Needed in pregnancy

103
Q

Hydroxyurea

A

Sickle Cell Tx
decreases RBCs
increases fetal Hb levels (resistant to sickling)

104
Q

Pentoxifylline

A

Sickle Cell Tx

increases deformability of RBCs

105
Q

Warfarin

A

Anticoagulant
Vit K antagonist
Delayed action

106
Q

Atropine- antidote

A

For anticholinesterase overdose

107
Q

Fomepizole- antidote

A

For poisoning of methanol wood alchohol

aka antifreeze

108
Q

Flumazenil- antidote

A

benzodiazepine overdose (psychoactive drugs, makes patient drowsy)

109
Q

N-acetylcysteine- antidote

A

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

110
Q

Sodium Nitrate- antidote

A

Cyanide poisoning

111
Q

Succimer- antidote

A

lead poisoning

112
Q

Levonorgestrel

A

Progestogen

‘Day after pill’ to prevent pregnancy

113
Q

Betamethasone

A

steroid
Long lasting
used for respiratory distress syndrome in infants

114
Q

Cortisol

A

steroid
favors gluconeogenesis via protein catabolism/lipolysis, combats stress, anti-inflammatory, inhibit Phospholipase A2, suppresses release of ACTH

115
Q

Dexamethasone

A

steroid
For mild ocular inflammation, can be used to diagnose
Cushing via dexasuppression test,respiratory distress syndrome in infants

116
Q

Prednisolone

A

steroid
more efficacious than loteprednol, intermediate acting
severe inflamm: uveitis, episcleritis

117
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

steroid
short acting
Use for Addison’s disease

118
Q

Prednisolone

A

steroid
more efficacious than loteprednol, intermediate acting
severe inflamm: uveitis, episcleritis

119
Q

Diphenhydramine BENADRYL

A 
Allergy drug
first generation (SE:drowsiness)
120
Q

Fexofenadine ALLEGRA

A

Allergy drug

third generation

121
Q

Loratidine CLARITIN

A

Allergy drug

second generation

122
Q

Rantidine ZANTAC

A

Allergy drug
H2 antihistamine
Also used for peptic ulcers, GERD

Pharm II (1 decks)

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