Pharm I

Question 1

Inhibitors of CYP3A4

Answer 1

Fluconazole 
Ketoconazole 
Itranaconazole 
Ritonavir 
Erythromycin 
Clarithromycin 
Grapefruit Juice

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Question 2

Gram Stain

Answer 2

Stains bacteria peptidoglycan. (+) purple

Question 3

Drugs that effect CYP3A4

Answer 3

Inhibit: 
Fluconazole 
Ketoconazole 
Itranaconazole 
Ritonavir 
Erythromycin 
Clarithromycin 
Grapefruit Juice 

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Induce: 
Rifampin 
Carbamazepine 
Phenobarbital 
Phenytoin 
St. John's Wort 
Glucocorticoids 
Piogliazone

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Question 4

Grapefruit Juice

Answer 4

Inhibits CYP3A4

Question 5

Inducers of CYP3A4

Answer 5

Rifampin 
Carbamazepine 
Phenobarbital 
Phenytoin 
St. John's Wort 
Glucocorticoids 
Piogliazone

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Question 6

OATP

Answer 6

exchange HCO3- Kidney, liver, GI transport

STATINS

less active polymorphs OCTP-1B1*5 and *15

Question 7

Commonly Used first Order Drugs

Answer 7

Lidocaine Most Drugs Used Clinically

Question 8

ATP Binding Cassette (ABC)

Answer 8

P-gp/MDR-I
BCRP
MRPs

Require ATP,
efflux transporters create BBB on endothelial CNS cells (also tight j)

Question 9

Commonly Used Zero Order Drugs

Answer 9

Phenytoin Ethanol Aspirin

Question 10

P-gp/ MDR-1

Answer 10

kidney, liver, GI expressed on many aggressive tumors

Question 11

MRP

Answer 11

expressed broadly

Question 12

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Answer 12

Ab and Enzymes (+) brown

Question 13

warfarin and CYP2C9 VKORC1

Answer 13

CYP 450= CYP2C9, some SNP make it less active. Decreased metablolism, increased serum concentration VKORC1 is target. chances at promoter, decrease promoter, decrease target, decrease dose

Question 14

OAT

Answer 14

Probebecid blocks OAT-1 at kidney, allowing for dosage with nephrotoxic drugs Kidney,

liver NSAID are inhibitors OAT-1

Question 15

MATE

Answer 15

efflux of cations couples with OCT/MATE Kidney, liver

Question 16

Solute Carrier (SCL)

Answer 16

OAT- organic anion
OATP- organic anion polypeptide
OCT- organic cation
*MATE - organic cations OUT

DO NOT reguire ATP, importers, *MATE extruder

Question 17

Grocott methanamine silver (GMS)

Answer 17

Stains fungi (+) Black, background green

Question 18

Acid Fast

Answer 18

Stains mycobacteria, actinomyces (+) Red

Question 19

pigments

• lipofusion
• melanin
• hemocyedrin
• anthrocosis
• tattoo

Answer 19

lipofusion= (heart), unsaturated fat 
melanin= (skin), brown 
hemocedrin= (liver), Fe, spotted brown 
anthrocosis= (lung) carbon, black 
Tattoo- (skin/dermis), inky black

Question 20

Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)

Answer 20

Stains fungi, glycogen (+) Magenta

Question 21

OCT

Answer 21

nearly ALL drug iteractions caused by Cimetidine -Cimetidine eliminated by kidneys,

-Competitive inhibitor of OCT/MATE transporters -causes other drugs to “back up” and reach toxic levels in the serum Kidney, Liver, GI Influx of cations

Question 22

cyclosporin Rifamptin St. John’s Wort

Answer 22

Cyclosporin

• inhibits P-gp/MDR1,
  Less efflux,
  More drug Rifamptin/St JW- induces P-gp/MDR1,
  More clearence, Less drug