Pharm I Flashcards
Inhibitors of CYP3A4
Fluconazole Ketoconazole Itranaconazole Ritonavir Erythromycin Clarithromycin Grapefruit Juice
inhinit by zole zole zole cin cin-vir
Gram Stain
Stains bacteria peptidoglycan. (+) purple
Drugs that effect CYP3A4
Inhibit: Fluconazole Ketoconazole Itranaconazole Ritonavir Erythromycin Clarithromycin Grapefruit Juice
inhinit by zole zole zole cin cin-vir
Induce: Rifampin Carbamazepine Phenobarbital Phenytoin St. John's Wort Glucocorticoids Piogliazone
Really cleaver people praise John’s Gypsy Puzzles Inducers because praise & increase
Grapefruit Juice
Inhibits CYP3A4
Inducers of CYP3A4
Rifampin Carbamazepine Phenobarbital Phenytoin St. John's Wort Glucocorticoids Piogliazone
Really cleaver people praise John’s Gypsy Puzzles Inducers because praise & increase
OATP
exchange HCO3- Kidney, liver, GI transport
STATINS
less active polymorphs OCTP-1B1*5 and *15
Commonly Used first Order Drugs
Lidocaine Most Drugs Used Clinically
ATP Binding Cassette (ABC)
P-gp/MDR-I
BCRP
MRPs
Require ATP,
efflux transporters create BBB on endothelial CNS cells (also tight j)
Commonly Used Zero Order Drugs
Phenytoin Ethanol Aspirin
P-gp/ MDR-1
kidney, liver, GI expressed on many aggressive tumors
MRP
expressed broadly
Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
Ab and Enzymes (+) brown
warfarin and CYP2C9 VKORC1
CYP 450= CYP2C9, some SNP make it less active. Decreased metablolism, increased serum concentration VKORC1 is target. chances at promoter, decrease promoter, decrease target, decrease dose
OAT
Probebecid blocks OAT-1 at kidney, allowing for dosage with nephrotoxic drugs Kidney,
liver NSAID are inhibitors OAT-1
MATE
efflux of cations couples with OCT/MATE Kidney, liver
Solute Carrier (SCL)
OAT- organic anion
OATP- organic anion polypeptide
OCT- organic cation
*MATE - organic cations OUT
DO NOT reguire ATP, importers, *MATE extruder
Grocott methanamine silver (GMS)
Stains fungi (+) Black, background green
Acid Fast
Stains mycobacteria, actinomyces (+) Red
pigments
- lipofusion
- melanin
- hemocyedrin
- anthrocosis
- tattoo
lipofusion= (heart), unsaturated fat melanin= (skin), brown hemocedrin= (liver), Fe, spotted brown anthrocosis= (lung) carbon, black Tattoo- (skin/dermis), inky black
Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)
Stains fungi, glycogen (+) Magenta
OCT
nearly ALL drug iteractions caused by Cimetidine -Cimetidine eliminated by kidneys,
-Competitive inhibitor of OCT/MATE transporters -causes other drugs to “back up” and reach toxic levels in the serum Kidney, Liver, GI Influx of cations
cyclosporin Rifamptin St. John’s Wort
Cyclosporin
- inhibits P-gp/MDR1,
Less efflux,
More drug Rifamptin/St JW- induces P-gp/MDR1,
More clearence, Less drug
