Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Semester 2 > Pharm GI > Flashcards

Pharm GI Flashcards

1
Q

Side effects of H2 receptor blockers

A

Ranitidine

  • Diarrhea
  • Headache
  • Fatigue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

MOA of PPI

A

Omeprazole

  • Prodrug activated by gastric acid environment
  • Enters the parietal cells via systemic circulation
  • Irreversibly binds to cystines in the
    H/K ATPase pump
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Prostaglandins MOA

A

Misoprostal

Regulator of Gastric Acid MOA

  • Analogue of PEG2
  • Activates the EP3 receptor on parietal cells. This decrease cAMP which inhibits the H/K ATPase pump

Cytoprotective MOA
- Analogue of PGE2 stimulates mucin and HCO3 production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Contraindications for Prostaglandins

A

Misoprostal

Pregnancy (stimulates uterine contraction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Side effects of prostaglandins

A

Misoprostal

  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal Cramping
  • Uterine Contractions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cations used as antacids

A
  • Calcium Carbonate
  • Aluminum Hydroxide
  • Magnesium Hydroxide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MOA of antacids

A

Binds with H+ to neutralize stomach acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Side effects of antacids

A

Mg = Diarrhea
- Mg has an osmotic effect

Ca = Hypercalcemia

  • Renal Calculi (Kidney stones)
  • Gas from CO2 release

Al = Hypophosphatemia
- Al binds phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MOA of Sucralfate

A

Coating Agent

  • Combination of Sucrose and Aluminum hydroxide
  • Forms a paste which buffers acidic proteins in the ulcer (coats)
  • Stimulate PG synthesis and endothelial growth factors for repair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contraindications of Sucralfate coating agents

A

Use caution with other aluminum containing drugs. Sucralfate is a combination of Sucrose and Aluminum hydroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Side effects of Sucralfate coating agents

A

Constipation

- because of aluminum causing Hypophosphatemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MOA of Busmuth

A 
Coating Agent
- Binds to the ulcer and releases PG 
      - PG releases HCO3 and mucin
- inhibits growth and adherence of 
H pilori
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Contraindications for Bismuth coating agents

A

Reyes Syndrome in kids

ASA administration with viral infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Side effects of Bismuth coating agents

A
  • Black tarry stools
  • Black tongue
  • Constipation
  • Tinnitus (ASA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Regulators of Gastric Acid Secretion

A
  • H2 Receptor Antagonists
  • PPI’s
  • Prostaglandins
  • Antacids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cytoprotective Drugs

A
  • Prostaglandins
  • Bismuth coating agents
  • Sucralfate coating agents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MOA of H2 Receptor Antagonist

A

Ranitidine

Block histamine from binding H2 receptors. Decreased cAMP thus inhibits the H/K ATPase pump.

Also decreases gastrin and ACh induced secretion

18
Q

MOA of bulk forming agents

A

Anti-diarrheal - Kaolin/pectin

  • Insoluble (hydrophilic) absorb H2O
  • Poorly fermentable colloids add gel to the stool
  • Bind to bacterial endotoxins

Laxative - Psyllium

  • Fermentable and Non-fermentable fibers add H2O and bacterial count to the stool
  • Fiber stimulates the gut
19
Q

Contraindications of bulk forming agents

A

Kaolin/Pectin
- IBD

Psyllium

  • Obstructive symptoms
  • Megacolon
20
Q

Side effects of bulk forming agents

A

Kaolin/ Pectin
- constipation

Psyllium
- Abdominal distention
(Fermentation leads to gas)

21
Q

MOA of opiates

A

Loperamide

  • Mu receptors inhibit peristalsis of the colon
  • Delta receptors inhibit intestinal secretion
22
Q

Contraindications of opiates

A

Loperamide

  • Severe Infectious Diarrhea
  • IBD
23
Q

Side effects of opiates

A

Loperamide

Constipation

24
Q

MOA if irritant/ laxatives

A

Sennosides

  • Irritate the intestinal wall through cAMP and cGMP which;
    • Inhibit H/K ATPase pump
    • NO release
    • Increase platelet activating factor which is pro colonic secretions
25
Q

Side effects of irritant/ laxatives

A

Sennosides

Diarrhea

26
Q

MOA of Osmotics

A

Polyethylene Glycol

  • Sugar and Alcohol
  • Salts and Electrolytes
    Both have osmotic forces which pull water into the stool
    • (think of mannitol)
      Mg also stimulates CCK
27
Q

Contraindications of Osmotics

A

Polyethylene Glycol

Sugar - None

Salts - Renal dysfunction and diuretics

28
Q

Side effects of Osmotics

A

Polyethylene Glycol

Sugars - Abdominal distention and flatulence (sugar causes fermentation)

Salts - Electrolyte imbalance
(caution with renal disease)

29
Q

MOA for stool softeners

A

Docusate and Mineral Oil

  • Surfactants which allow H2O into the stool
  • Stimulate intestinal secretion through
    cAMP
30
Q

Side effects of stool softeners

A

Docusate and Mineral Oil

  • Limits vitamin absorption
  • Foreign body reactions
  • Lipid Pneumonitis
31
Q

MOA for Prokinetics: Dopamine Amtagonists

A

Domperidone

Increase ACh from transmitting impulses in SI smooth muscle 
    - by blocking dopamine from binding
       to D2 receptors 
    - D2 inhibits ACh 
        (Blocking D2 increases ACh)
Almost exclusively acts on UGI
    - increases lower esophageal
       sphincter tone

Metoclopramide - Antiemetic

  • Block D2 in the CTZ
32
Q

Contraindications for Prokinetics: Dopamine Antagonists

A

Dromperidone and Metoclopramide

  • Onstruction
  • Perforation
33
Q

Side effects of Prokine: Dopamine Antagonists

A

Dromperidone and Metoclopramide

Hyperprolactiemia

  • Galactorrhea
  • Gynecomastia
  • Dysmenorrhea
34
Q

MOA of Cannaboids

A

THC

Binds to Cannaboid receptors
- CB1 - Brian
- CB2 - Periphery
These receptors inhibit cAMP and increase DA

35
Q

Contraindications of Cannaboids

A

THC

  • Cardiovascular Disease
  • Pregnancy
  • Psychosis
36
Q

Side effects of Cannaboids

A

THC

  • Euphoria
  • Drowsiness
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypertension
37
Q

MOA of Serotonin Antagonist

A

Ondansetron

Block 5-HT3 (serotonin) receptors in:

  • CTZ
  • Vagus
  • Mesenteric Plexus
  • Spinal sensory neurons
38
Q

Side Effects of Serotonin Antagonist

A

Ondasetron

  • Headache
  • Lightheaded
  • Constipation

Severe but rare

  • Ischemic Colitis
  • QT Prolongation
39
Q

MOA for pancreatic enzymes

A

Pancrlipase

Adjunct for pancreatic enzymes 
Combination of 
- Amylase 
- Lipase
- Protease
40
Q

Side effects for pancreatic enzymes

A

Pancrelipase

  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal Pain
  • Hyperuricosuria
  • Renal Stones

Semester 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions